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Tech. Ser. No. 3, Div. Entom., U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



Fiohtispiece. 




1. Poiilonin vt^.iiiiirDht ii. sp 

•■i. I'. lil/dliUll Nnl'loll. 

.'I. /'. ili'siiiiiiliiiiili's Wttlhli. 



Leaf Galls of Pontania. 

I. /'. iiiii-niiii Wiii.sli 
.'i. /'. jij/i'ifnriiiin II, sp. 
11 /'. iiiiiiiili- II. .^p. 



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, I 



Technical Series No. 3 

u. s. uepak'!Mi^:nt n{< agriculture 

DIVISION OF KN'IOMOLOOY. 



KE VISION 



(»K THK 



NEMATlNiE OF NORTH AMEKICA, 



A SUBFAMILY OF l.FAF-FEFDlNi; HYMENUl'TFRA 
OF THF FAMILY TFNTHUFDINID/E. 



BY 



C. T.. MAKI.ATT. 










WASHINGTON : 

UOVEKNMKNT PUINTINCJ OFFICE. 
1890. 



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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



United States Department of Agricultitke, 

J^ivisioN OF Entomology, 
Washington, I). C, Fchrimry 55, i.s.9(;. 
Sir: 1 have the honor to submit for publication the third number of 
the technical series of bulletins of this Division. It has been prepared 
by my first assistant, Mr. (J. L. Marlatt, and consists of a monographic 
revision of the Nematimc, an imi^ortant subfamily of leaf-feeding 
hymenopterous insects of the family Tenthredinida'. The larva; of 
these insects are all plant-feeders and include among their number 
some very important enemies of cultivated plants. They represent, 
economically, the most important group of the family to which they 
belong. 

Kespectfully, L. (). IIoward, 

Entomoloitist. 
Hon. J. Sterlinu Morton, 

ISecrctary of Agriculture. 

3 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

The Nkmatint; of North Amekka 7 

Introduction 7 

(ioographical (li«tril)ution 7 

Food-pl.'iiits 7 

Life history and habits 7 

IJange of species and ccouoniic importance !> 

Difficulties arising from confusion of species and loss of types !t 

Sources of material 10 

Structure and terminology 10 

Classification 17 

Table of genera 18 

Genns Cladius I!' 

Trichiocampus 20 

Priopliorns 20 

Camponis(!Us 20 

Anoplonyx 20 

Eunra 20 

Pontania 20 

rteronus 41 

Amauronematus 75 

Cro'sns H6 

Holcocnemo 87 

Nematus 87 

Pacltynematus 91 

MicronematuH 110 

Lyga'onematns HI 

Pristiphora 113 

Gymnonyclius 122 

Dinenra 125 

Homichroa 125 

Appendix : Description of spoiies the types of wliich are lost or inaciessilde. . 126 

Indiix i.o ■••(Miera and sixicies 133 

5 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Leaf Galls of Poutania i^„„„*- "''''' 

„ ^ ,- - „ I* rontiHpiece 

l<i<i. 1. Uma of rctcronna cxtcnsiconi 18 ,, 

2. Mouth-parts of rachyncmatna erichson ii '..'.".*. i-> 

3. Thorax of J'achiinematus enchsouii i « 

1. Types of claws ,_ 

5. Abdoiiiou of I'achynematiis erichsonn jP, 

(5. Venation of Neinatlnes jp 

7. Pontanin jnsum Walsh oo 

8. I'teronus rcntmUs Say r'l 

1). Pach>/)iematH8 exieiifiiconi in Norton [ i,7 

10. Gijmnonychua califonikua u.sp '" l!)3 



•ntisjiieco 
11 
12 
13 
15 
Ifi 

ir> 

33 

r.i 

fl7 
11'3 



Tlin XEMATIN.i; or XOKTII AMERICA. 



INTRODTHTION. 

The siiblamily Xcmathw of Thompson or Nematina of Cameron 
(Konow's subtribo Nematides) comprises a very liuge gfronp of closely 
allied species, distributed in the dassilication adopted by the author 
among nearly a score of genera. They range from very small insects to 
medium sized, but include no very large species, or in length from 2 to 
12 mm. They are for the most i)art smooth, shining, and rather soft 
bodied, and are variously colored, but yet presenting frecjuently a 
confusing similarity in general form, and particularly in coloration, 
rendering their generic and specific references in some cases ditiicult. 
In point of number of species and iibundance of individuals this sub- 
family far exceeds any other of the (corresponding groups in the family 
Tenthredinida', and in variation and peculiarities in larval habits and 
in economic importance many of the species belonging to it have a 
very great interest. 

(ieofiraphical (lisfribution. — The Nematina> sire distinctly northern in 
their range, reaching their greatest development in abundance of species 
and specimens in the transition and boreal zones, and extend north- 
ward into circumpolar regions— species occurring abundantly in Green- 
land, Iceland, and Spitzbergen. Southward they become let?s and less 
liumerous, and are practically wanting in tropical countries. This is 
illustrated very fori;ibly in Europe by the occurrence of over 70 species 
of the old genus Nimatus in Scotland (Cameron) and 0") in Sweden 
(Thompson), as against 12 about Naples, Italy (Costa); and the same 
discrepancy exists between the temperate and subarctic region of 
America and the Southern States and Mexico. 

FnodpUdits — Their food-plants cover a wide range, some species affect- 
ing grasses, cmo or two very destructive ones the grains, others various 
deciduous trees and shrubs, aiul still others conifers. The majority of 
the species occur, however, on plants of the families Salicacea', IJetu- 
la(H.'a', liosacea', and Conifera', in the order given. 

Life history and hahih. — The Nenuitines are among the tirst sawflies 
to appear in spring, occurring abundantly on trees at the first appear- 
ance of the leaves. They do not often fre<iiu>nt flowers, except, at least, 
tlmseof the plants upon which their larva' feed. Many willow species, 
for example, ocvur abundantly on the earliest spring bloom of the willow. 

7 



8 



In common with other sawflios, liowover, they rarely leave thoir larvjil 
food plants, and to be (collected snc(;ea8fully a knowledge of their habits 
in this respect is veiy desirable. 

In number of brools great diversity is found, and the normal rule of 
most Tenthrediuidav of a single yearly brood, is frequently deviated 
from. Some species .are known to be limite<l in number of broods only 
by tlu^ length of the season, as, for example, Ptcromis reutralis Say, the 
common wi^'^-w species. Two annual generations are common, but 
many spv ^les .are single brooded, the larva> entering the soil or other 
niaterial or remaining in their galls at the completion of growth and 
continuing in dormant condition until the following spring, when shortly 
before they emerge as perfect insects the change to the pupal condition 
takes place. The males normally appear a few days before the females, 
and the duration of the life of tiic adults of both sexes is short, not 
often exceeding a week or ten days. ( )f a large percentage of the species 
no males are known, and in the case of iwany species careful and 
repeated breeding records indicate that males are very rarely produced. 

In some species parthenogenesis is complete; that is, the eggs from 
unimpregnated females produce other females. In other nistances of 
parthenogenesis, however, either nuxles only are deveIoi)ed from unfer- 
tilized ova or females very rarely. 

The union of the sexes takes ])lace very shortly after the appearance 
of the females and egg deposition (*h>sely follows. The eggs are inserted 
either singly or a number together in the young twigs, larger veins, 
petioles, in the surface parenchyma, or in the edges of the leaves, the 
single exception being the case of the gooseberry sawtly {Ptcronus 
ribcsii), which merely glues its eggs to the leaf without making any 
incision whatever. 

Most of the species are external feeders on the foliage of plants, but 
the species of two genera, Eino'a ami rontania, so far as their habits 
have been studied, are gall makers, and pass their early life in the 
interior of the plants, either in the stems without causing abnormal 
growths or in the excrescences or galls on the stems and leaves. At 
least one American specsies develops in the rolled or folded edge of the 
leaf. The larva' are LiO-footed, sonui solitary, others gregarious — the 
latter usually more brightly colored and ]H)sses8ing means of protec- 
tion in glands secreting a noxious iluid. Most of the solitary ones are 
green and not readily observed. They usually feed from the underside 
of tlui leaves, eating from the edge or cutting circular holes in the gen- 
eral surface, and in some case.H taking everything but the stronger 
veins. Many species rest (juietly during the day, feeding only at night. 
Sonu^ have the habit of throwing the posterior segments violently 
upward to frighten away parasitc^s or enemies; others adhere to the 
leaves or twigs by the thoracic feet only, coiling the posterior segments 
under the middle ones. 



eir larval 
eir liabits 

al rule of 

deviated 
uods only 
' Say, the 
noil, but 

or other 
►wtli and 
n shortly 
Jonditi<m 

leinales, 
liort, not 
le species 
eful and 
roduced. 
rgs from 
anees of 
ni iiiifer- 

learanco 
inserted 
ir veins, 
ives, the 
IHeronuH 
my 



u\g 



II ts, but 
[• habits 

in the 
)normal 
es. At 
D of the 
us— the 
protee- 
ncs are 
ilersido 
lio ;4('n- 
;ron«^er 
- night. 
Dlontly 

to (he 
finents 



I 



The neinatiiie larva, after its. final molt,' generally enters the ground 
to pupate, si)inning a double or single silken cocoon more or less incor- 
porated with particles of earth exteriorly. In the case of the species 
having several broods annually, the cocoons, at least of the summer 
generation, are frequently constructed above ground, either among the 
dry leaves and rubbish at the base of the host plant, or on the twigs, or 
ill cr<'.vices of the bark of the hitter, Som \ of the gall species pupate 
III their galls, liut many of them abandon tlieir galls to undergo tlieir 
triinsformations in rotten wood, in the pith of plants, in deserted galls, 
or in the earth. 

Species living exposed on the leaves will also sometimes enter deserted 
galls, either to transtorm or in hibernate.^ 

Ramje of species and economic hnpcrtanee. — Somefew spe<!iesare known 
to bo widely distributed, and this is particularly true of the larch saw- 
Hy, which occurs throughout Canada and the Northeru States, and also 
in Europe. Whether tliis species ' Lygwonematus crichsonii Ilartig) 
can be called an introduced species or not is a question. Its wide dis 
tribution throughout the Northern States would seem to indicate that it 
has, perhaps for many centuries, occurred on both continents. The 
gooseberry and currant sawtlies, however {rteronus ribesii Scop, and 
Pristiphora appcmliculata Ilartig), are undoubted cases of imY»ortation. 
The economic importance of the group is well illustrated by the species 
just mentioned, the last two being among the most serious enemies of 
several small fruits, and the tirst threatening the almost t(»!:al destruction 
of the larch forests in »nany districts. Other examples of very destruc- 
tive species are the willow sawtiy {Vteornus ventntlis Say), the wheat 
sawtly {Pachyncmatiis crteusicornis Nort.), the Western pear sawtiy 
{(iymnonyehns caHfornicus n. sp.), and the cranberry sawtiy {Prisiiphoru 
idiota Nort.). 

IHjJlculties arisiny from confusion of species and loss of types. — The 
classification of this natural and distinctly differentiated subfamily has 
been, until quite recently, in a very experimental and unsatisfactory 
condition, and tliis is particularly the case with the genus Nemotus, 
which, cumbersome from the number of species referred to it, has been 
invariably '', stumbling bh)ck to every student of the Tenthrediniche. 
Following the lead of the earlier I'iUro[)eau writers on the grouj), Amer- 
ican describers of species in the old genus Nematns have based their 
characterizaticms almost solely on mere differences in coloration, with 
such references to structural features as are of little value or of generic 
rather than specific importance. The failure to note the variations in 
the strui'ture of different parts of the insecst has led to the most 



'Soo "Tlio I'imil MultiiiiT of 'rtMitluodiuid Larvii'," I'ror, Kiit. Soc. WiihIi., vol. ii, 
1». 115. 

-Sco " lliboriiiilittii of N»imiititl8 ami i(.n boariiiK oa IiuiiilUuouu Spocion," Vtuo. 
Eut. Soci. WaHii., vol. Ill, p. 2{Y.i. 



10 



confusing assemblage of ditferent species under tlic same name, and, 
worse than this, the bringing together of representatives of ditt'erent 
genera under a single species. This is well illustrated in the species 
cornigvr and suhaWatus, under which names specimens were found 
grouped in the collections of the American Entomological Society 
which belong to at least four distinvt genera. In cascis like this it is 
sometimes difhcult, particularly where the typo specimens ar<i lost, to 
decide to which genus the species hearing the original name shouhl be 
assigned. The ditliculties of the case have been greatly cnlianccd by 
the fact that Norton, who has described most of our spec^ies, allowed 
many of his types to be destroyed through his indilference in later life, 
after he had ceased studying the group, thus vitiating much of the excel- 
lent work of his earlier years. A box of his type specimens examined 
by me, which had recently been returned to the I'jntomological Society 
of Philadelphia, was so thoroughly disintegrated by vermin that scarcely 
a recognizable fragment remained. 

The veiy careful work done in the last few years by Fr. W. Konow, 
of Fuerstenberg, Gerniany, particularly in separating the old bulky 
genus Kcmatus into some nine genera, has made it possible to take up 
this group much more satisfactorily than heretofore, and in the prepa- 
ration of this paper Konow's system has been the basis of tlie classili- 
cation ado])ted. 

Sources of mittcrUd. — The proper placing in the new genera >f the 
species formerly included in XemaUis, which in scarcely an instance 
can be gathered from the original descriptions, has necessitated the 
examination of all the old types of Norton, Cresson, and others, and 
these have been redescribod, whenever obtainable. The material in 
the genus Neinatns in the collection of the American Entomological 
Society, which includes all of Cresson's and Norton's types, so far us 
they have been i^reserved, has been very kindly placed at my disposal. 
I have also had the National collection at hand, and material from a 
number of private collections, the most imp(utaut of which arc the 
Nematines from Cornell University, kiiully loaned by Professor Com- 
stock, and the types of Messrs. Harrington, Dyar, Forbes, Aahmead, 
and M(!Gillivray. The types of Provancher's two s[)ecies were also 
very kindly obtaine<l for me by Abbe Tluard. The typ«!S of Ivirby's 
8i)ecies and of a few others described abroad I have been unable to 
examine and refer generically, and the original descriptions of these, 
together with the descrii)tions of the lost types of Norton, are iiwluded 
in an appendix. 

Structure ((ud tcrminolofi!/. — In recharacterizing the old si)ecies ami 
working up the large amount of new material which has accumulated, 
])arts hitherto rarely used have been referred to and terms repeat- 
edly <'mployed throughout the d<ssc.i|)tions whicl would be unfamiliar 
to most students. Tho following description of the salient <',haracters 
used in the descriptions and the terinint)logy will therefore be valuable. 



ThI 
It pr| 

front 

the 

man(| 

tiont 

Thei 

and 

the 

shsii 

softc 

pres< 



11 

* Tlie head is convex in front and more or less concave posteriorly. 

! It i)reseuts in the characters of the clypcns and of the occipital and 
frontal ridges, together with the antenna', very valuable characters for 
the separation of genera and si)ecies. The difficulty of examining the 

I mandibles in dried specimens renders the use of these parts in descrip- 
tions inadvisable, and this holds true also of the maxilhe and labium. 
There is also usually a notable variation in structure between the right 
and left mandible. (See lig. 2.) The palpi of the nivrlllie, and labium, 
the former (J-.jointed and the latter 4-Jointed, are us\ially soft and lose 
shape more or less in drying, and are difficult to nake out without 
softening and dissection. The clypeus, if cmargina<;e at the apex, will 
present gooil differences in the nature of the emargination, whether 



and 



I 




J'"i<i. 1.— Head of I'trrunun: I, I'roiit; II, rear; III, lateral; and IV, dorsal view: a, oci^Uar liaalii; 
6, aiitfiinal t'ovoaj c, Bockot of antenna; d, liypoclypcnl ])lato; c, clypous; /, labriim; ,7, vertox ; h, 

front; /, faro ; j, upper orl)it or tonii)1o; k, posterior orbit; ?, eve; (», lower orbit or clieck ; «, ( ipiit; 

(>, oi'cipitnl foramen; ;), eye; 7, cheek; r, mandible; n, oei^ipital fossa; t, maxilla; «, labium; v, 
antenna (oriKinnI). 

broadly or narrowly, deeply or shallowly, and also in tlie (!liara(!tor of 
the lobes produced by this cinargination, whether they are rounded or 
trianguhir, and their width relative to the widtli of the clypeus. The 
vertex frequently presents very prominent grooves and ridges, and 
these, particularly the ridges surrounding the anterior ocellus and 
inclosing quite n large basin in front of it, are very important. The 
sides of this basin are either strongly and sharply or broadly and 
roundly elevated, or in sonu> genera they are subobsolete or wanting, 
as in I'rint'phorn. The anterior wall of this basin is usuiilly nmch more 
strongly raised and wider than the latcr.il walls, and fre«piently extends 
beyon<l the basin neiiily to the c«)mpound «^yes on either side. This I 
have termed in the de8crii)tions the frontal crest. JJotween the bases 



12 



of the jinteiiiia' iind imincdijitcily in front of this crest is si distinct 
depression or fovea — the iintennal foveii — whidi varies remarkably in 
different species, but is quite uniform witlun species limits. lu some 
cases this fovea breaks through the frontal crest, uniting more or less 
completely witli the ocollar basin, in which case the crest is said to be 
broken. The apex of the more or less prominent ridge between the 
bases of the antenna', in whicli this fovea is situated, is known as tho 
antenna! tubercle. 

The antennic . .; always 0-jointed, the two short basal joints constitut- 
ing the scape and the others tlie liagellum. Tiie antennae are of great 
value in generic and specific characterizations, both in the matter of 

length relative to the body and 
in general shape and length of 
joints. They are usually simple 
and tapering, in some genera 
filiform, longer in the male than 
in the female, and fre(iucntlyiu 
the males with the basal joints 
of the flagclhmi more or less 
flattened or compressed. In 
some instances the basal joints, 
particularly in tlie males, are 
toothed or branched. 

The thorax, except in punc- 

F,r.2.-i>rontI>.p:.rts..r/V,«;,,,„«m«r..,.m.ft«o„a.. ,A)., <^"'^^*"'^ '"'^^ ^''^^^"y VeStiture,| 

lain-imi; /(.ciypcus; <■, iivpix'iyiHiiii piiitc; rf, (/.antcii- prcseuts fcw structuraJ charac- 

nal soHcots. ,., anfennal lov.-a (1!) Labium :«, „...,.. ^^,^.^ of ValuC iu SpCCiflC deS(^rip-' 

Left inan.iii.ir. (K) i^raxiiia: a, car.io; fc, stiixs; c, tiou. It is important, howcver, 
gai.a; rf, lacinia; .', palpus (origiuni). t„ understand the terminology 

of the parts to properly appreciate the color descrii)tions. It presents 
a large luimber of sclerites — often small and somewhat obscure — which 
seem never to have been very carefully described, and sonic of the 
more important divisions have been very comnunily misapprehemled. 
The accompanying illustrafion (fig. 3)sliows more fully than will bo 
undei taken in the text the superficial anatomical structviro of this 
division of the body. Wlien softened and subjected to dissection, the 
thorax readily separates into three jwarts — not, however, on the lines 
commonly sui)posed to represent the divisions between pro-, meso- and 
metathorax. The pronotum attadies to the mesothorax and the so- 
called episternum of the metathorax is seen to be mesoth(»racic. 

To the dorsal region of the prothorax the i)ronotum, or first division 
of the tliorax, is generally assigned. This sderite, as jur"- indiciated, is 
most intimately and inseparably fused with the mesothorax and is 
s(;arcely at all attached to the lateral and ventral sclerites of the ])ro- 
thorax, which supimrt the head and to which the anterior legs are 
joined. On this grouiul, JCirby n^fiised to consider this s<derite protho- 




racnl 

cons; 

notil 

bJ 

lobel 
bre\ 
audi 
to ei 
nisi J 
invJi 



13 

racic, but Bunueister lunl Isiter iiuthors liiive givni good reasons for 
coiisitlcriiig- it to represent tlie dorsal arc of the protliorax or tlie pro- 
iiotiuii, and it is so designated in this paper. 

Belonging to the niesothorax are the teguhe, anterior and lateral 
lobes of the niesoscutuni, niesovseutelluni, and niesopostscutellnni (for 
brevity the second and thud divisions are referred to as the anterior 
and lateral lobes and the scntelluni). The niesopostscntelluni is found 
to enter very deeply into the interior of the thorax, doubtless to fur- 
nish attachments for the powerful Mingnuiscles (flg. o, t), and forms an 
invagination which nearly cuts the body in half at this jMiint. The 
division of the body at this point is analogous to the separation in 



the 



i 




_ZF 



Fl(i.3.-Tlioriixof iVc/iJ/«rim(<».S(ric7i,w»i'7. I, (Iiii'h.iI view; II, vciitnil; II I. laH'iiil; iiliil IV.liiU'ral 
with sugiiionts soiiariitcil. Pnitluirux: a, cpistcrniim; h, Mtoinmii; c, ctixii; d. iinmolimi. Mfsutlturax: 
<■, mitcrlor, iiiiil/, littornl IoIx'H of «cutumi ij, rtciitoUmu; /Miosts<'iil(lhiiii ; i, musoplinigiiiii; j, .laim-rou; 
A-' posterior plato of opimcnm (?); J, a)xii. Mi'tathomx : m, Miutuiii: n, scuU'lliiiii; o, fpinioroii; ji, 
coxii; ^ ti'gula (origiiiiil). 

Cole(>ptna between the prothorax and niesothorax, the last tluu-acic 
divisii)!! Ill sawliies being intimately joined with the abdomen, as are 
the last two divisions in beetles. P.elongiiig to the metathorax are the 
nietascutum and nietascutellum. 

This last sclerite— the nietascutellum— is commonly designated in 
descriptions as the " basal plates," and these have always been mat- 
ters for dispute among entomologists. Of the European writers, Andre, 
following Latreille and Audouin, considers them as constituting the 
dorsal arc of the first abd(miinal segment; Cameron, as representing 
a fourth thoracic segment (an imiiossibility from our accepted standard 
of the structure of insects), and VVestwood, on grounds which seem 



14 

entirely valid, shows that they really represent the terminal sclerite of 
the nietathorax, namely, the metascutellum. This is plainly apparent 
from an examination of the genus Ccplim^ where the parts are very 
plainly diflferentiated and their relationship easily deciphered. There is 
a suture or fold separating the narrow anterior margin of this sclerite, 
but the portion so separated is intimately joined to the posterior por- 
tion and need not be separately designated. This sclerite is strongly 
incised at the apex centrally and this incision is covered Avith a white 
membrane, wliicL, in descriptions, is commonly referred to as the 
white blotch of the so-called basal abdominal segment. The universal 
occurrence of this white blotch and its slight variation, except in the 
case of the larger groups of genera, make it ordinarily of little value in 
descriptions of species. In the comparisons of older descriptions the 
white spot on the basal segment will be understood to mean this 
blotch, and in hnrnionizing these with the characterizations of species 
in the following pages it must also be remembered, in referring by num- 
ber to the segments of the abdomen, that the so-called first segment 
belongs to the thorax. 

The pair of white spots occurring on the upper edge of the meta- 
scutum, termed i-euchri, also occur uniformly in all Tenthredinidii' and 
present no important variation in genera, and although they have been 
referred to in most of the older descriptions, it has not been deemed 
necessary to mention them in the characterizations of the following 
pages. These spots, uniformly oval ar.d whitish in color and bearing 
a hexagonal surface sculpturing, have not been understood so far as 
(heir function is concerned. 1 am inclined to believe them to be sound 
organs, and that by the rubbing of the base of the subcostal veins of 
tiie hind wings over them a vibration of the cenchral plate or of the 
plate and vein results, which produces sounds audible to the insect ear. 
The structure of the cenchri has been hitherto erroneously given; they 
consist uniformly of ])rqiecting plates attached basally, which protect 
or cover openings into the thorax. In the case of the Lydin.'e, the 
plate projects or is distinctly raised above the general surface, so 
that the free edge is plainly noticeable. The idea has therefore been 
that in the Lydinie the true cenchri are covered by an overhanging 
plate. In this subfamily, however, these i)late8 are the cenchri, there 
being no membrane or structure beneath them; and in other subfami- 
lies the posterior free edge tits down more closely into the oi)ening of 
the cavity, so that the fact that it has a free posterior and lateral 
margin may only be discovered by dissecti(m. 

The lateral and ventral aspect of the thorax includes, for the pro- 
thorax, an episternum and a central sternal plate; for the mesothorax, 
an epimeron and an episternum, and other sclerites which are rudi- 
mentary or unimportant. The meso-epimeron is very large and repre- 
sents the bulk of the side and venter of the thorax. The divided 
sclerite immediately back of it, which supi)orts on its upi)er extremity 



- » i m^»i 'i<gi»w*'- 



15 



sclerite of 
Jipparent 
are very 
There is 
8 sclerite, 
erior por- 
strongly 
li a white 
as the 
universal 
pt ill tlie 
value ill 
tious the 
eaii this 
f species 
byiium- 
segment 

le ineta- 
litlio aud 
ive beeu 
deemed 
jllowin^f 
hearing- 
far as 
e sound 
veins of 
' of the 
ect ear. 
; they 
protect 
i.'L', the 
ace, so 
e been 
angiug 
i, there 
ibfaini- 
iiiiif,' of 
lateral 

10 pro- 
horax, 
! rudi- 
repre- 
ivided 
•einity 



the anterior wings, luis by sonic authors been considered to represent 
the epistcrnuni of the nietathoiax. As already indicated, it is inti- 
mately fused with the mesothorax, and its place here is still further 
sliowii by its relation to the anterior wings. The cpimeit»n of the 
inetathorax is comparatively small, and the episternuin is api)areiitly 
wanting, unless the sclerite just above the metepimeron may be so 
considered. 

The leg includes a large coxal joint, 2-jointed trochanter, .iiid the 
femur, tibia, and tarsus occurring in the order named. In two genera 
the legs {ire characteristically shaped — Crasus having the apex of the 
hind tibiic aud the metatarsus broad and flattened, resembling the con- 
dition obtaining in social bees, and Jlolcocneme having these parts 
somewhat enlarged and the posterior tibia; distinctly grooved exteriorly. 
This last character is, however, present in other genera, though less 
distinctly. The tibial spurs, of which ;.ere are two at the apex of each 
tibia, do not vary suificieutly to be of much value in generic or specific 
descriptions. The forward one of the anterior pair of legs is mucli 
stronger than the others, and doubtless serves the role of an antennal 
scraper, as does the corres pending spur in other I lymenoptera. 

The (;la\vs, while affording i)rimarily generic characters, are of some 
value in the characterization of si)ecies. Three distinct types of claws 
are noted, vi/, the first, in which the claw is 
more distinctly cleft, the two teeth, Avhich 
have been termed rays thro.ighout the de- 
scriptions, extending in a i.irectiou nearly 
])arallel, the inner ray being commonly not 
much shorter than the outer (fig. -4, d, r, /); 
the second form of claw consists in the pro- 
jection of a minute tooth well within the 
apex of the claw and extending nearly at 
right angles to the claw (fig. i, h, c) ; and the 
third, a simple chiAv, without branch or tooth 
(tig. 4, a). 

The abdomen is ovate or elliptical, less 
commonly elongate, as in Ewira, and usually 
more or less depressed. It presents in the 
female nine doi sal arcs, if the small terminal 
sclerite attached to the largo overlaiiping 
eighth arc is considered to be distinct. This last sclerite, the ninth, 
bears laterally within fn, margin at its base the two unjointed apjiend- 
ages known as cerci. liu'^ Ainale has but six ventral arcs, the terminal 
ones being mci.unorphos d into the ovipositor and its basal supports.' 
The male abdomen has seven prominent «lorsal arcs, with a thin and 
frequently concealed terminal arc, and seven ventral arcs, the last 
(hypopygium) being very long, niore or less curved upward at the tip, 

'Tor ritriictincof this oijiiin in llyiiicii<))»ti(rii, «cc I'roc l-^nt. Soc. Wiisli., vol, il, j». 201, 




Km. 4. — Typos of daws: «, Gymno- 
niiclnis califoriiicuii: b, I'aehjiiiema- 
tun exlriisiciiniiii; <;, Li/ijceoncmatiiti 
fiichsiiuii; d, Ainaiifoiu'iiuitusluteo- 
tfiijuiii; c, Pterimus fiinwlli; f, 
J'ontaiiia aijilis (ori;;iiial). 



11' 



16 

and incloses, with the teiininal dorsal arc (pygidinni), t le claspers and 
sexual organs. T<» use these latter in desciiptiou requires dissection, 
and they have not, therefore, been referred to. 

In the female tlie slier. th of the ovi- 
positor has been r 'ferrtd to through- 
out the tlescriptiohs, and the more 
IMominent variations consist in its 
widtii and in the ch.aracter of the 
ui)per and lower margin and of the 
apex. The hairy vestiture, particularly 
that of the extreme apex and the lower 
margin, also presents good si)ecitic char- 
acters. The cerci are either very short, 
a, robust, or spindle-shaped, or are very 
elongate and slender. 

lu the males the apex of the seventh 
dorsal segment and the terminal ven- 
tral segment are useful, particularly in 
generic separation, and also present spe- 




2 
C 
cL 










Fio. 5. — Abdoiiioii of Vachyncmatvg erichsoiiii, 
lateral and voiitral views: SopiieiitM iniiii- 

ber.a 1 to 9; «, sj.u iiio i.iate; h, basal por- cific' fcaturcs, particularly in the termi- 

a^;:M:S:;;;iS'o;.«.::Xn:;::r ": "^^l prolongation iron, the center of the 
oiiiurgcd (oriKiiiai). sevcutli dorsal scgmeut, wliicli projcc 

tion, following Konow, is referred to in the descriptions as the proci- 
dentia. The narrow projecting tip of this segment is usually thickened 
and prominent, and varies in its width relative to its length and in the 
character of the constriction, or 
otherwise, of its base. 

The subject of the venation of 
Tenthredii>'dii' has been fully 
discussed elsewhere and need 
not be referred to at length here.' 
The normal venation of the ]Ne- 
matines is indicated in the ac- 
companying iigure (lig. 0). Of 
importance In specific character- i'"*. Q — neuration of nematineh: Lonijitudiuai 

veins. — a, costal; b, Hubcostal; <•, median; d, anal; e, 
accessory;/, axillary; ij. inferior; h, radial; i, cubi- 
tal ; j, siibdiscai. ('ni«.i int.— k, transverse costal; 
(;i, 11, u, iirst to third transverse ciibitals; p, liasal; (/ 
and r, first and second recurrents; sand t, Iirst and 
second transverse medians. Ci'lln. — 1, costal; 2, mib- 
costal; 3, median; 4, lanceolate; Q, anal; C, radial; 8-11, 
(irst to fourth ciibitiils; 12-14, first to third discals; 15, 
10, Iirst and second posteriors. (In the hind wing cells 8 
and l.'l are usually termed the discal cells). (()ri{;inal.) 



ization are the intercostal cross 
vein in its relation to the basal 
vein, and its angle with the 
costa ; the second recurrent vein, 
as to whether interstitial with 
the second transverse cubital or 
received beyond or within the 
latter; and in the posterior wings, the relation of the outer veins of the 
discal cells. The shape of the cells of the anterior wings is of compara- 
tively little imi)ortance, with the exception of the third cubital, which 



' I'roc. Kut. Soc. Wu8h., Ill, pj». 78-82. 



17 



ispers juid 
ilissectiou, 

lit' the ovi- 
> tliroujili- 
tlie more 
st in its 
er of tlie 
)d of the 
irticuhirly 
the lower 
iei fie eh ar- 
tery short, 
? are very 

le seventh 
ninal ven- 
icularly in 
^esentspe- 
tlie ternii 
iter of the 
ell prqjec 
the i)roci- 
thiekened 
lud in the 




f 



iijituiii nal 
1 ; d, aiiiil ; (', 
dial; i, fubi- 
\^^'T>^^> coNtal ; 

!>, l>anal; (/ 
i<l t, Urst anil 
)»U\\; 2, Hub- 
radial; 8-11, 
•d diHcals; 15, 
dwingcullsH 

(()ri{;iiial.) 

lis of the 
wjiiipara- 
al, whieli 



sometimes presents {]food specifie characters in the matter of its length 
compared with its width, and of the length, respectively, of its basal 
and apical cross veins. In a few species the relative length of the 
discal cells of the hind wings is of importance. In generjil, however, 
the neuration of the wings of the Nematiiies(I refer here more i>articii- 
larly to the genera developed from the old genua Xematus) is strikingly 
uniform — so much so that repeatedly in the descriptions reference is 
made to what is termed normal venation. This venation will be under- 
stood by a reference to the tigure which is drawn to represent such 
venation, and, briefly, consists in the intercostal cross nerve being 
inclined and about its own length anterior to the basal nerve; the sec- 
ond recurrent being received well within ilic second cubital cell; the 
third cubital more than half as wide at base as at apex ain^ about 
twice as long as -..ide at base; the upper discoidal cell of the hind wings 
exceeding the lower and about twice as long as wide. The stigma 
varies considerably in different genera, and also within the limits of 
species. This variation relates to its width compared to its length and 
the character of its apex, whether suddenly or rather obtusely pointed, 
or distinctly acuminate, and also in the character of its lower border, 
whether regularly circularly rounded or nearly straight or more or less 
angulated. 

The features of coloration, which have hitherto been used almost 
exclusively in the differentiation of species, are often constant and fur- 
nish reliable characters, but can not be implicitly relied upon. For the 
ready separation of species and for use in synoptic tables, color will 
always be more valuable than structural characters, especially to the 
beginner (see p. 23). The surface characters of the species, snch as 
punctuation and hairy vestiture, are of both specific and generic value, 
but are less striking and significant in this subfamily than in most of 
the other divisions or in other families of Hymenoptera. 

Secondary sexual characters. — Tlie correct association of the iiKiles 
and females, in the absence of breeding records, is a ditlicult ma^^^er, on 
account of the striking variation in the sexes in shape, structure of 
certain parts, and particularly in coloration. The most important sec- 
ondary sexual charaeters are : Coloi', the male being usually much darker 
than the other sex; form, the male in general being much more elongate; 
and shape of antenme, which in the male are commonly very much longer 
than in the female and frequently compressed basally. 

CLASSIFICATION. 

The following characteristics distinguish the Nematina> from allied 
groups: Auteniip' 9-jointed, usually elongate, slender, tapering, rarely 
with processes on basal joints, frecjuently more elongate in the males 
than in the females, and somewhat compressed; anterior wings with 
simple, seldom-divided radial cell, in which latter case the second 
i cubital receives both recurrent veins; basal ner\'ure converging with 
13449— No. 3 2 



18 



the llrst reciiiTent nerviire; hind wings iilwtiy.s with two disciil cells and 
"witli complete lanceohite cell. 

The followinj; table of gcneiji is based in part on the class! tication 
given by F. W. Konow,' and it is hoped that it will facilitate the rec«)g- 
uition of the new genera, most of which are rei)resented among our 
North American species. 

The revision of genera with redescriptions of old species is limited 
to the genera formerly included in the genus Xtmatus. 

Of the other genera a list of the American species only is given, 
together Avith a few note;; on synonymy. 

TAUI.K <H' (iKNKUA. 

Anterior wings with siiiiplc riulial cell. 

Liincc'oliitt! cell widely contriutcd in the middle. 

Second and third cnbital cells each rccfsiving a recurrent vein. 

Third to lifth, sometimes sixth uud seventh, uuteinial joints »)t' the male 

with 11 more or less ]»roniiiient branch ut the tip ; uutenini' of the 

female somewhat compressed and with shar]* projection at tip ol' 

basal joints />.'9. I. Chidius UVv^. 

Joints of anteiniii' without jirojectioiis at tip; third antennal joint 

curved at the base, in the male with a short, blunt fork beneath, and 

iu the female with a sharp projection />ii9. . II. Trichwctinij^ts Htg 

Antenna- Avithout peculiarities fif-P.... III. J'r iujihonis hatr. 

Second cubital cell receiving both nfcnrreiit veins. 

Claws bilid ^.-^P. IV. Camponm-UH Newm. 

Claws simple .pAP. \. Anoplonyx giiix. uov.' 

Lanceolate cell i>eliolate. 

Third transverse cubital wanting /»; .^.Q. . VI. Euura Newui. 

Third transverse cubital present. 

Claws bifid, clypeus usually emarginate. 

Tip of the eighth dorsal segment of the male with a snniU, blunt, 

more or less awl-shai)ed, projection; antenna' of female filiform, 

snuill species, 2 to f) mm. long, stigma often having clear base, 

sheath often pointed at tip, gall inhabite^8^.**'^'Il. I'ontauia Cost. 

Kighth dorsal segment of male broader, obtusely pointed, or not at 

all produced at tip; antenna' distinctly tapering toward tip; 

stigma not lighter at base; sheatli not pointed at tip; body more 

r«)bust. 

Last ventral segment of male obtusely triangularly produced at 

tip; sheath of female of the usual form; posterior tibia,' 

simple. 

Mesoncttum and pleura' shining; antenna' long aud sleuder, 

usually lighter colored beneath; head, viewed from the 

front, almost round; labium but slightly projecting; 

sheaths usually narrow aud delicate. . VIII. Fierouus Jur. 
„ fii^ 

'Deutsche entomologischo Zeitschrift for 18'JO, pp. 225-255. 

'^Aiiojilonyx iiM\. nov. (ar, without; oitXoi', weapon; ovvq, claw) is separated from 
Camponmnis Newm. (of which Lv2>topi(s Ilartig is a synonym) by the very important 
character of a simple claw Avithout branch or inner tooth. The type of both New- 
man's and Ilartig's genus is Camponlavua lurkUventris Fall., inAvhich the daws are 
deeply notched, the rays being subequal. Anoplonyx. Avill include ('amponiscua jwc- 
toraliH Lej*., C. bicolor liOj)., and C. ovatiiH Zadd. The other tAvo species of this genus, 
C. anritw Z. & B., and C. cnriiithiacita Z. »V: li., I have not had au opportunity to 
examine; they may belong Avith C. Uiridicentria or jjossibly come iu the new genus, 



Ill cells luid 



iissilicatioii 
> the rectij"- 
lunong- our 



is liuiited 
y is given, 



i of the iiijile 
enuii' of the 
un at tip of 
Clti(Uu8 llli}^. 
temial joint 
beneath, and 
icnmpus Ht<? 
>phoruD Latr. 

.isvu8 Newui. 
/J' gen. uov.'' 

uura Newm. 



small, blunt, 
lale lilifoiin, 
; clear base, 
intania Cost, 
ud, or not at 
toward tip; 
; body more 

produced at 
terior tibia,- 

lud slender, 

ed from the 

projecting; 

Heroniis Jur. 



»arated from 
y important 
f both New- 
e daws are 
wniacua pec- 
' this genus, 
(ortuuity to 
aw geuus. 



19 

Mesonotum and pleura- ojiaque. with very dense and fine 

punctures; antenna- short, tapering decidedly toward tip; 

head more or less triangular and with long, jnojecting 

labium; atigma narrow, tapering posteriorly, lengthened; 

sln-ath rather thick and stout. IX. .Imainonematun Knw. 

l^ast ventral segment of nuile excavated at tip, not obtusely 

triangularly produced; sheatli of ft-male very broad or the 

posterior tibia- ami tarsi thickened. 

Posterior tibnc and tarsi very broatl and flattened. 

X. Croaux Leach. 
I'osterior tibia- and tarsi not liattenetl. 

Posterior tibiae and tarsi thickened, tibiae externally 

witli longitudinal furrow XI. IMcocnime Kmv. 

I'osterior tibia- and tarsi simple; sheath very thick and 

stout XII. XvmatuK.Jwr. 

Claws with short tooth within tij», tooth projecting nearly at right 
angle. 

Clypous cmargiuate. 

Vertex with distinct pentagoruil area. 

XIII. l'<tvhi)inm(tliiii Knw. 
Vertex without pentagonal area. XIV. MicronvmatuH Kuw. 
Cly]ioTis truncate. 

l'entag(uial an^a more or less distinct ; eighth dorsal segment 
carinated, subproduced; sheath simple; elongate si»ecic8. 

XV. L!/g<ionematu8 Knw. 

Pentagonal area wanting; sheath witli distinct scopa; 

first transverse (-ubital freciucntly wanting; short, ovate 

81>«cii!S XVI. rrintiphoru hatT. 

Cl.iws simple, without branch or tooth. 

XVII. U ymnonychna gen. nov.' 
Anteriiu- wings with divided radial cell. 

Lancetdate cell petiolatc XVIII. IHHenraD'Ahl. 

Lanceolate cell contracted XIX. Hemtchroa Steph. 

I. Genus GLADIUS lUiger. 

Cladiua 111. Fauna Etrusca, LM ed., p. 27, 1807. 

Cladius pectinieorniH Foiircroy. Entom. I'aris., ii, p, ;{7l, 1785. 

CladinH isoinera Norton. Proc. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 2'J',i, 18(il. 

The ouly representative of this geiius in this country is the well- 
known enemy of the cultivated rose, described as new by Norton 
under the name (\ isomcra. An e.xauiination some years since of 
Norton's species in comparison with the European ('. pectinicornis indi- 
cated at once the identity of the two. The common lOuropean enemy 
of the rose had evidently been early imported with rose plants into 
New J'higland, and the attention of Harris and Norton was drawn to it 
at a time when comparisons were out of the <juestion, and it was very 
naturally described as a new si)ecies. For a full account of its habits, 
with figures, see Insect Life, vol. v, p. (5. 



7r 






P 



p- 
P 



no 



III 

HI 

lair 
19.!,- 



* From yvjiiyoi, naked, and uvv^f claw. 



20 



I 



; 






II. Genus TRIGHIOGAMPUS Hartig. 

Trichiocunniua lit;;., Fain. lUattw. u. lUil/w., p. 170, is;{7. 

SI'KCIKS. 

grvijarim l),viir. Ciin. Kiit., xxvii, ]>. liU, c(, IW);".. 

vbmnalin Fallmi. Svoiisk. Vot.-Akiul. lluiull., xxix, p. 117, 1M08. 

Aiihivomcnin lutexcena liintuor. Ith Kojtt. >.'. Y. St.ato I'litoin., pp. !)4-!M), 

1888. 

III. Oenus PRIOPHORUS Dahlbom. 

l'riophi>ru>t Dalil. (Joiispoct. Ti'iitli. Soand., p. I, 18;!r>. 

sricciK.s. 

(I (/«((/i« Norton. TranM. Am. Kiil. Soc, iii, ji. 78, .( , 1872. 
«()/i^>/i('((;(>(»iN (.Jnwson. 'I'rans. Am. Miil. Hoc;., ii, p. ;Ui7, ,f , I8t;!(. 
.so/i'/dciN Dyar. ("an. Knt., xxvii,i>. 1!I2, 9. l^<!*i>. 

1\'. Oenus CAMPONISGUS Newman. 

Cdinponisriis Nowm. I'.nlomoloifist. iv, ji. lilfi, 18(»!(. 
N<» Animican KjtiicioH. 



^ . Oenus ANOPLONYX Gen. Nov. 



No Amt'i'ican Hpt'cioH. 



Yl. Genus EUURA Newman.' 

I'UiHin Nrwni. Kntom. Man., '^■> !'• -•"'"» l^H/. 

, m-KClKs, 

nlhiriita CroHHon. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc, viii, p. 1, 9, 1880. 
«i(uim«<t ('amcion. Tranw. Knt. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 181.', 9. 
jiiV/ni rrovaMcln-r. Athlit. Fann. Can. llymon., i>. IMO, V. 1H88. 
(»-fci7((7(,-* Norton. I'roc. Ent. H«>c,. Phil., \, p. lU, 9 , ,( , 18(!l>. 
MiHvH'oUi Smitli. N. A. Kntoiu., 1, jt. II, 187!t. 
Hiilirix-iiottiiH WaJHli. I'roo. Ent. Soc. I'liil., \ 1, |>. '?S>'A, i( , 18(!((, 
nalinH-onini WalHli. I'roc. Knt. Soc. I'hil., vi, )». UTC, 9 , c( , l^l'fl. 
perlurliauH Walsh. Troc, Knt. Soc. I'hil., vi, p. 251, 9. J, l^<>(i. 



. f 



VII. Genus PONTA^IA Costa. 

I'oHlnniit ('osta. Fauna Napoli, 'I'cntliiu*!., 185!), |). L'O. 

Itoity t.niall, HUiootii, cly|icus, crnai'f;inatM at li|t, tarsal claw bitid, sti^ina usually 
li<<lilcr)it Itaso, oif^hth (lorsal si^frmcnt «•!' male witli ]>roclilontia produce*!, narrow, 
(d)tustdy ]M)int(Ml, moro or less awl slia|i«Hl, hIacU. Fcnniht aut(Miuic suhtiliforin, 
Hhoath ol'tun ])ointt>d. (iail inhahitcrs. Species throo to live millimeters Umg. 

' I have a eonsiderahle amount of nuiti^rial in this f^iMiiis and lio|)o soon tu )i{ivo it 
a (horoiigh revlHin^. Until this Is done, unbred uuituriul van not oftoit bo sutiHfac- 
torily jdacrnl, 



•Th 
nnd tl 



/ 



\>\>. !U-!Mi, 



riiia tiHiially 
imI, uiU'iow, 
Hiilililiroi'in, 
King. 

11 to frivo it 
1)0 HUtiHlUU- 



21 



Thia jjemia, as <*hiirju'teri/,«'<l abuvo by Koiiow,' incliuloa a fjrotip of 
aniall Ncinatiiu's whicli, so far as tlioir liahits llav^^ boon discovered, 
bre»'<l ill pills on the leaves »>f various speties of willow. So far as I 
am aware, all willow-leaf pills are ear cd by tliese inseets. The l<iUuras, 
whieh eoine elosest to them in habit, always produce pdls in twigs or 
buds or inhabit twigs without resulting gall formations, and never 
attaek the leaf propter. 

The Kuropean spe<'ies, now known as Potiianhi pallirola Stej)!!., is 
the type of the genus, and was <leseribed by Ijuineus in I7<»1 as Ci/nips 
caprtfr, evidently from the gall alone, and was referre<l to Cuiiijis until 
1.S.'55, when the name Xriiidtits (jdllicola wns given it by Stephens, using 
Westwood's manuseri[)t. The adult insec^t seems now for the first time 
to have been eharaeterized. It was subseqiuMitly d<'seribed by llartig 
as Krniatus rttllisncria {IS'M), and in 1S51) thc^ gJMius rotifioiia was 
erected for Ilartig'a species by Costa. This g(Mius was not very g«'ner- 
ally a<lopted until revived by Konow. 

The liabita of a number of our species have been detailed, notably by 
Mr. Walsh,- ami particularly the hitter's species — poiiiuiii,* jtisxm, and 
th'smiKlioidfs. A (piantity of material in various s[)ecies has also been 
brcil at the Department )f Agriciiltiiie, and the habits of the genus 
base<l on these P'cords may be brielly summarized, as follows: 

The galls, induced by the egg punctures of the females in young, ten- 
der leaves, begin to develop in early summer and are usually globular 
and tleshy and greenish in cohu', but later in the season frecpiently 
becoUM' rosy tinted nv brownish. The larva reaches full growth early 
in the fall (S«*pteiiiber), and by this time has comiiletely eaten out the 
iiiteii(M' of the gall, leaving it a mere slu'll tilled with trass. The gall 
is almost invariably abandoned at thiatinu^ \)y the larva, and the s|)ecies 
studied at the Department seem to prefer to enter soft or rotting wood 
or the pith of plants to <'onstru(!t their hibernating cocoons. In the 
absence of such material they will form cocoons in thi^ earth, and if 
supplied with neitlu'r earth nor wood they will sometimes hibernate 
wuhiii their own galls or enter others of their own species or of other 
insects. Pupation anil transformati(Ui to the adult take place in the 
early jiart of March and during April, i^xtemling into May. Iiido»ns, 
in breeding <'ages. where they are subject to unnatural conditions, they 
may issue as early as I'ebriiary, but this is exceptional. 

Mr. I'\ II. Chitti'iiden, who has reared a nuuJier of thea^^ insects from 
cocoons In dead wood of maple, says of tlii^ adults (males of PouUtnia 
jUKum) that they are extii'inely active and pugnacious. " ('(Uitined in a 
small vial, they began to light atimce, and when st'paiated but a single 
Hpecimeii iasiied fioiii tlu^ melc(>i in perfect condition, the remainder 
b( ing minus anteiina- and legs." 

' D.'iitHrlii' Kiituin. Z«MlHnhnlt, 1H!M), ji. 2;t7. 

^S(.«> 1'ror. KnJ. Sur. I'liilii., \ I, itp. LMH-l-'iil; Am. Kiitom., vol. iLiip. liVrtO. 
''I'liiM-iiinlivrHo.iMt ;iti<t uiiiicroNHary term .vilivin Iiiim lirni onntttMl in <lii> niHtMil' IIuh 
mill tlio otiior Hi>cci('H to whi'-ii it Iuih liitlirrto lioon iirutl.\oil. 



I 



; 



ill (^ 



22 

Tlie larv.iB are rather slender, ranjiing from 6 to 10 mm. in length, 
few, however, exceeding 7 or 8 mm. They have apparently 18 feet — 
G thoracic and 12 abdominal — the anal pair of abdondnal feet being rudi- 
mentary. Up to maturity, the body is yellowish white, the head res- 
inous or brownisli, tips of mandibles darker, and the eyes, with narrow 
border, dark brown, almost black. The last Joint of tlie thoracic legs 
and the claws are resinous. Just before abandoning their galls the 
larvae undergo the final molt,' assuming a body tint of i dull grayish 
purple, the head becoming by contrast and in fact of a lighter brown. 
This obscure coloring is uncpiestionably a most valuable safeguard 
against discovery by jiredaceous insects or birds during iiie wandering 
of tlie helpless, delicate larva in search of hibernating quarters. The 
cocoon is ovate, of silken threads, more or less agglutiiiated, thin, and 
delicate. Tlie life history of rontania pisum Wjilsh, illustrate<l ii' figure 
7 (p. 33), ID typical of the genus. 

Tiie fact noted above, of the habit of the larvae of entering wood, 
pith, or other like dry material to ])upate, probably explains records 
made by Walsh and others of certain species which have been desig- 
nated as in<|uilinous, either in the galls of other Nematines or in 
cecidomyiid galls. 1 am convinced tliat these records are all doubtful, 
and that tlielarva'of these insects, on abandoning their own galls, had 
simply entered the others fen* hibernation. The fact that a species had 
been reared from a cecidomyiid gall, for instance, was taken as suf- 
ficient evidence that it was impiilinous, and a new species was erected. 
This is illustrated in the case of Nemattis hospcs Walsh, which is said 
by th«' (lescriber to be "absolutely indistinguishable from the normal 
type, the gall-making Xrmatus ,s. jjomnow." This species was reared 
from a gall of Cecidomi;ia s. strobilouJcfi O.H. It is unquestionably 
identical with pomum, ami in fai't F have recently received from Cor- 
nell University two specinn'iis unchmbtedly of 7>owiwm, labeled as hav- 
ing be^Mi reared from the cecidomyiid gall refi'rred to. The same is 
true of JN>>Mrf/»,s /»</M/7/«/^s' Walsh, which was reared from the gall of 
Ccv'uhmyia rhodohhs Walsh. This spe«!ies is identical with Poutanin 
(Icsmodioides Walsh, and (he larva had merely entered the cecid(unyii<l 
gall to hibernate.'* 

In going over the material of the lOntomological Society of Phila- 
delphia, the at'cumulations of the Unitetl States National Museum, tln' 

I S«o '• Final Moulting of 'rnuMirrdiuid Liu'vii*/' I'roc. Eiit. Hoc. WiihIi., vol, ii, 
p. 115. 

■Xnnatiiii mr)idi<'Hi< WmIhIi, which wm roared froni deserted Willis of pnmnm nnd 
from tlie Iciil' Kullf* of Caidomjiia hviiHficoidrK WiiIhIi, heloiifrs to the geiniH I'lnonun. 
The larvii- iipiuiieiitl.v entered the jj;ii1Ih in (piestion to hihernute, and, with very 
little d<»ulit, developed expoHcd on the leaves, as is the ease with the other speeles 
of I'ttrmiiiH living on willow. XamaluH fur Walsh, whieli was bred from the gall of 
(U'ciilonijiia hntatUH Walsh, seems also not to lie a J'ontauUi. Tho type specimen can 
not h(^ found, Itnt on the authority of Norton it is ]tr(d»ahly identical with Xemaluit 
Iiittohriiiim, whi<'h wouhl bring it within the gonus AmauronvmatiiH. 



ing 



,•*■■ > ■ WM 



23 



. in length, 
,ly IS feet— 
; being rudi- 
e head res 
v^itli narrow 
lioracic legs 
ir galls the 
nil grayish 
liter brown. 
! safeguard 
wandering 
rters. The 
[1, thin, and 
ed iv figure 

iriiig wood, 
ins records 
been desig- 
tines or in 
11 doubtful, 

I galls, had 
species had 
en as suf- 
as erected, 
ich is said 
■he normal 
vas reared 
lestionably 
[ from Cor- 
ed as hav- 
'he same is 
ho gall of 

I I Poiitania 
I'cidomyild 

V of Phila- 
useuin, tlic 

'iIhIi., vol. II, 

pnmnm and 
iiiH I'tvronun. 
\, \\\{\\ very 

• tlior Hpo«'H<H 

II tli<> fjiiH of 
r)0(;iiiu^ii ran 
itii Xemahiit 



material submitted by Mr. Gillette, and the Cornell University material, 
I find 20 good species represented, covering localities practically embrac- 
ing all temperate America. Of these 8 have been reared from or asso- 
ciated with galls, and two galls are described from which adults have not 
yet been obtained. Tlie genus is a very diflicult one, and tlio species are, 
on account of tlieir small size and general similarity, difficult of .separa- 
tion. They are do ely related to the following genus ( Pteronns), and the 
males in particula.' are, in some instances, distinguished with difficulty 
from Ptcronns. With the females the shape of the sheath furnishes 
an excellent char.icter for the division of the genus into four groups, 
and structural characters are available for the ready separation of most 
of the species. The males, however, are separated with greater diffi- 
culty, and frequently where in the other sex two species are most 
divergent the males are indistinguish.able except in comparatively 
trilling colorational details. Dissection of the sexual organs would prob- 
ably yield good characters, but this is impossible without destroying 
the specimens, and would not be practicable for the ordinary student. 
With the males, therefore, separation of the species is based largely on 
colorational features. In most cases where males have been associated 
with females, breeding records are the authority for such references. 
In general, the males agree with the females in possessing the short, 
sleiuler, tiliform anteinne (iharacteristic of the genus. Two species only, 
so far as known to me, have very elongate antenna', and the rather 
robust, Uattened antenna' characteristic of the males of some of the 
allied genera are very rare in Pontania, 

In recharacterizing the old species, I have had the specimens them- 
selv(»s before me and have not used the original descriptions at all. 
Therefore, find particularly in the case of Walsh's species, which were 
chai'acterized from fresh or living specimens, some divergences in the 
matter of coloring will be noted by comjiarison. In general, it may bo 
said that what in the living or fresh specimens is hyaline or greenish 
white becomes yellow or even ferruginous with drying and age. It 
seems to me desirable to use the comparatively permanent color 
characters presented by the dry specimens rather than the transitory 
(M)loring of the newly emerged insect. 

A number of parasites and inquilinons insects of other orders have 
been reared from the galls, but it is not delinitely ascertijned in every 
case whether the hosts of the Ibrmer are the gall makers or ^he inquili- 
nons insects. Mr. Walsh reared a little curculionid, Aufhonomus si/co- 
phanta Walsh, iVom the galls of j>o«jj<»/, dcsmodioidt's, and Euiira nodus 
Walsh. A snnill tineid, Untrachciha .s. pomiynelhi Clem., was reared 
by Walsh li'om the galls of 2)omHm, dcsmodioides, and a cecidomyiid 
gall, (J. s. rhodohh's. The l>epartnie!jt rearings from galls in(!ludo a 
dipterous insect, undetermihed, and ^jWo chalcidids, om> a species of 
tSympicsin and the other Kurntomo niudUmi Say, both i)robably i)ara- 
sitie on Anthonomm syco}tli<mta, which was reared from the same galls. 



f 



;i 



Lassus emircv Asliin. has been reared froti Pontania rcsinicola, and 
Pimpla emir(v Ashni. from Pontania pt/r if ormia. These last are undoubt- 
edly parasitic I'^^ou the larvu' of the gall makers. 



tahl:o of spkciks. 



Females. 



Sheath broad at haso, sharply acuniinato at tip, and eniargiiiato bonoath I 

Slicath as above, except that the tip is obtusely rounded 1 1 

Sheath broad and rounded at tip, scarcely tapering Ill 

Sheath narrow, elongate, regularly tapering to somewhat pointed tip IV 

I. Color in general black. 

Head, thoriix, abdomen, and femora black; teguhe and mouth part? pale. 

1. cressoiii n sp. 
Same, except that angles of pronotnm are yellow and the femora are pahi 

laterally 2. parra Cr 

Sani<>, except that pronotum and logs are wliitish and the orbits are broadly 

yellow exceiit on narrow inner margin 3. vigrita n. sp. 

Same as last, except that orbits are entirely yellow; antennae yellow 

beneath and sheath but lightly emarginate 4. palUcornis Nort, 

Color in general luteous. 

Claws very minutely cleft at tip. 

Central lobo of nietauotum Idack; tmter veind of posterior discals not 

interstitial 5. agiUa Cr. 

Central lobo pale ; '.uter veins intersf itiiil (5. mcllina Cr. 

Claws coarsely notched . 7. nevadenaia Cr. 

II. Color black 8. excavata n. sp. 

Color in general resinous. 

Frontal crest wtdl developed. 

Stigma broad, rcunded on lower margin. 

Crest bulbous ; jiectus pale 9. resinicola n. sp. 



Crest narrow ; iioc-tus black . . 



10. pecf oralis n. sp. 



Stigma narrow, acuminate 11. acuminata n. hi>, 

Fnmtal crest obsolete 12. rohuata n. sp. 

III. Color in general black. ' • 

Orbits black; stigma narrow elongate ..P^'.'.'. 13. Aincflirfj n sp. 

< )rbits broadly ytiUow ; stigma brown .' 11. piaiim Walsh. 

Orbits posteriorly yellow ; stigma yellow 15. hruHeri n. sp. 

Color in general resinous. 

Mes(motum black, excoi>t scutellum; sheath broad, paddle shaped. 

It), pacifiva n. sp, 
Mesonotum mostly pale; sheath somewhat blade shaped. 

17. pomum Walsh. 
IV. Clypcus )i(>ariy truncate, or very broadly aiul shallowly onnirginato. 
rronotum and venter of abdiunen black. 

Tegulie black. . 18. aira n. sp. 

Teguhe pale 1». hyalina Nort, 

rronotum and venter of abdomen ]»ale 20. Iriiniala ii. sp. 

(My|i»Mis distinctly and more narrowly emarginate. 
Dorsum of thorax and abdomen black. 

Orbits black, or rarely slightly reddisii brown. 

V(!ntcr of abdomen black 21. alrivenlria n. sp. 

Venter of abdomen pale 22, calif orniea n. sp. 

Orbits broadly yellow. ^ ..,, 

Stignui and eosta l)rowM V.; '2'A. gracilia \\. s\f. 

Stigma and (;o.sta hyaline 21. at'ujmataUa n. sp. 



An tor 



I 



25 



sinicola, and 
are undoubt- 



ith I 

ir 

Ill 

IV 

ith parttf palo. 
cressonl n sp. 
emor.1 aro pal(3 
. 2. parr a Cr 
its aro broadly 
. vigrita n. sp. 
tennjn yellow 
ilUtornis Nort. 



ior tliscals not 
. - 5. agilia Cr. 
6. mcllina Cr. 
nevadensis Cr. 
'xcaratn n. sp. 



sinicola n. sp. 
ctoralia n. sp. 
iminaia n, sp. 
rohuata ii. sp. 

kincaidi n sp, 
|>i«M»i Walsli. 
hruneri n. sp, 

taped. 
Hicifica n. sp, 

»»»Hw» Walsh. 

B, 

8, aira ii. sp. 
iynlina Nort. 
linrnln i\. sp. 



i'<!»WH« n. sp. 
orwtcrt n. sji. 

racilis n. sp. 
latalin II, sp. 



Dorsum of thorax and abdomen marked with yellow. 

Orbits, scutelluni, and lobes of thorax more or less yellow; robnst 

species 25. desmodioides Walsli. 

Same, with yellow transverse bands on abdomen, and venter altogether 

yellow 20. aulphurta u. sp. 

Males. 

Antennnn as long as or longor than the body of the insect. 

Claws very minutely divided r>. agilia Cr. 

Claws coarsely notched 7. neradensis Cr. 

Antenna' not often exceeding one- half the body in length. 
Black species. 

Orbits black, rarely slightly rufous posteriorly. 

Pronotuin black ; stigma short, robust 22. calif ortiiea n. sp. 

Pronotum black; stigma elongate, narrow 13. kincaidi n. sp. 

Pronotum with palo nuirgins. 

Lateral Avails of ocellar basin rounded or subobsolcte. 
Third and fourth joints of antenna' of oqiuil length. 

Hind femora pale 0. resinicola n. sp. 

Hind femora more or less dark 2. parra Cr. 

Third joint longest 27. riignlosa n. sp. 

Lateral walls of ocellar basin sharply detincd 8. excarata u. sp. 

Orbits yellow; body black dorsally. 

Venter of abdomen, except centrally, black ; vertex hairless, shining. 

It. 2>isum Walsh. 
Venter with vertex clothed with yellowish hairs. 25. dcsmodioidea Walsh. 
Venter of abdomen altogether pale. 
Epimcra black. 

Outer angles of pronotum palo 17. pomum Walsh. 

Pronotum altogether palo 1. pallicornia Nort. 

Epimora pale. 

Rody robust ; stigma pale 12. robiisfa n. sp. 

Body elongate; stigma brown. 

Claws very minutely cleft at extreme tip. 28. placenta Nort. 

Claws coiirsely notched 29. pallifrons Cr. 

Resinous; vortex, mesonotum, metanotum, and basal abdominal segments cen- 
trally black 2C. snlph urea n. sp. 

Tabic of ijalla. 

Calls springing from lower side of loaf. 

Conical or pear shaped 30. pyrifortnis n, sp. 

Globular, attached minutely 11. pisnm Walsh. 

(Uobiilar, broadly attached. 

Singly on either side of midrib 17. pom nm Walsh. 

In rows on or near midrib 31. monilc n. sp. 

Calls bisecting leaf. 

Singly, «»r rarely more than two on leaf. 

Usually remote from petiole; averaging throp-oighths Inch long; on .*ffl/i.r 

lonrjifolia l!^. hruneri n. sp. 

Near or joining petiole; averaging ono-half inch long. 
Approaching shape of acod of Desmodiuni: 

On SalU calif ornica f 22. caUfornica n. sp. 

On Salix hmnilisf 25. dcsmodioidea Walsh. 

OnSalix sp 2. parra Cv. 

More robust, approuuhiug globular 23. graoxlia n. sp. 



f 



'I 



k 



hostel 



26 

Manj- together on loaf. 

Paired at base of blade of leaf; extending from iiiiddlo to edge. 

9. rcs/n/co/rt n. sp, pTO^' 

Distributed irregularly along blade on either side of midrib, rarely on edjic JBtlgm 

of leaf 1!). hijalina Nort. 'IjeyOI 

tarsi. 



IXOEX TO SPKCIES OF I'ONTANIA. 



ncnniinntu n. sp. 9 H 

agilis Cr. (? 9 5 

atra n. sp. 9 18 

atriventris n.sp. 9 -1 

bruneri n. sp. 9 15 

californiea n. sp. (^ 9 - " 

cressoni n. sp. 9 1 

desniodioides Walsh ^ ^ 25 

cxcavata n. sp. <? 9 ^ 

gracilis n. sp. 9 23 

hyalina Norton 9 !!• 

kincaidi n. sp. 9 l-^ 

mcU ina Cr. 9 ^ 

nionilo n. sp. (gall) 31 

nevadensis Cr. ,^9 7 

nigrita n. sp. 9 3 



paciiican.sp. 9 HI 

pallicornis Norton (^9 I 

pallifrons Cr. $ 2!i 

parva Cr . ^^ 9 li 

pectoralis n. sp. 9 !•' 

pisnni "Walsh <? 9 11 

placenta Norton ^ 2S 

poniuni Walsh J 9 IT 

pyriformisn. sp. (gall) 3i) 

resinicola n. sp. <? 9 " 

robnsta n. sp. <? 9 1- 

rugulosa n. sp. ^ 27 

stigmatalis n. sp. 9 21 

Huljihiirea n. sp. ^f 9 2(! 

truncata n. aii. 9 20 



Ma 
'icolor^ 
iaiul 
ilulvo 



% 



1. Pontania cressoni now spe(;ios. 

Female. — Length 4..") mm.; not very robust; clypeusdeeiilyemargiiiato; 
lobes small, pointed; ocellar basin distinetly delined, breaking rather 
broadly into prominent antennal fovea; anteniiie normal, third Joint 
a little longer than fourth; sheath aeuminate, emarginate beiu»ath; 
cl.iws deeply eleft; venation normal, except that outer veins of discal 
cells of posterior wings are interstitiial. Color black, shining, including 
pronotum, orbits, and feniora ; tegulu", mouth parts, tibiae and tarsi pale, 
more or less infuscated, especially at tips of posterior tibia' and their 
tarsi ; wings nearly hyaline; stigma and costa brown, the former hyaline 
at base. 

One female, Washington. (Coll. Anj. Ent. Soc.) 

L*. Pontania parva ('resson. 

1S80. Ximatiimittrntt Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Roc, viii, ]>. 5. 

Femnle. — Length .'i.5 to \ mm.; not robust; dypeus shallowly and 
broadly exavated ; lobes short, miinite; mouth parts with very long and 
ratlier numerous light hairs; lateral furrows of vertex very broad and 
deep; ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal crest indistinct, broken by 
the broad, oval, deeply excavated antennal fovea; antenna' very slender, 
joints \ and 5 as hmg as or longer than .'i; sheath strongly acuminate at 
tip, circularly ennirginate beneath, roiunled above; cerci tapering; claws 
small, deeply and finely notched, rays almost i)arall('l; venation nornuil. 
Color black, shining; mouth parts, spot beneath ai. .ennu', outer third of 
pronotum, tegula', apices of coxa', trochanters, aiul legs for the most part 
yeUowish ; ujtper and lower margins of femora, tips of tibiae, particularly 



Ga 

Irathe 

Jspeci 

fmidri 

face, 

lowei 

Te 
Mont 
by 1 
from 
bylVl 
galls 

3. Pc 

Fe 

moui 

tinct 

disti 

equf 

claM 

lonp 

Col( 

mos 

. cox 

pos 

the 

( 



ei'i 
isl 
cr( 



27 



Igo. 

trfiinicola n. sji. 
>, r.'irely on edjic 
I!'. hjiaUna Norr. 



posterior pair, and tips of tarsi, iiicludiiis' all of posterior pair, reddish 
)rown; all of legs somewhat iiifuscated; veins brown; basal half of 
stigma and extreme bas(> of costa pale; in some specimens the legs 
jeyond the trochanters are altogether light, ex(;ept posterior tibiae and 
tarsi. 



"' ,1 Male. — Length 3.r> mm.; agrees with the female ingeneral structureand 

' Mcolorational characters; lateral walls of ocellar basin more tlattened 

", ,^and rounded; the stigma uniforndy brownish; the antenna', distinctly 
10 |fnlvous beneath. 

H I 

2,s I OalL — Length 8 nun.; breadth mm. Of type of f(('.wio>' 'olden, but 

17 irather smaller and ])rojecting most on lower surface of leaf. In the 

^^" J8])ecimen examined, two occur on tlie leaf, one on either side of the 

"I midrib, and each extends from the latter to the margin of the leaf. fSur- 

.~ face, especifilly lower, tnberculato and rosy. ILxit hole of adult on 
o| lower side, just at surface of leaf and at end next to petiole. 

2(; 

20 l<^'i females. — Nevada 4, California .'5, Oregon li, and Arizona find 

Montana 1 each. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Also one specimen collected 

by T. Kincaid at Olympia, Wash. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) One male 

" from CalilVu'uia. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Galls on willow leaf collected 

,,.' ^ * ' by Mr. Ehrhorn, Mountain View, Cal. Two a<lults reared, which, with 

XI •*' , '. ^' sails, are in collection of William II. Ashmead. 
, third joint 

te beneath; 

ns of discal 

«", including 

d tarsi pule, 

<■ and their 

mer hyaline 



llowly and 
•y h)ng' and 
broad and 
I broken by 
ry slender, 
iiniinateat 
iiiff; claws 
Ml normal, 
er third of 
most part 
trticularly 



3. Pontania nigrita new species. 

Female. — Length 1 mm.; clypeus cir<!u!arly excavated; lobes rounded; 
month parts Avith rather long, whitish hairs; walls of ocellar basin dis- 
tinctly defined; frontal crest somewhat broken by the very elongate, 
distinctly limited antennal fovea; antenna' with joints 3 to 5 sub- 
eijual; sheath broad, strongly acuminate at tip; cerci rr»bu8t, L.tpering; 
claws deeply notched, rays nearly equal; third cubital cell (juadrate, not 
longer than wide; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial. 
Color black, shining; fa(!0 below antenna', posterior and upper orbits, 
most of pronotuiii, teguhc, all of legs except extreme bases of posterior 
coxa' and extreme bases of ])osterior tibia' whitish or resinous; tips cf 
l>osterior tarsi and tips (tf con-i dusky; bases of all wing vtMiis reac^hing 
the body and extreme base of stigma light; balance of veins brown. 

One I'emale. Michigan. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

1. Pontania pallicornis Norton. 

IStil. Nematus paUicornin'Sovton, IJoston Proc, viii, ]>. 1(10. 

18(57. XvmalHn j)alliromin Norton. TraiiH. Am. Knt. Soc. i, p. 203 (Cat., etc., p. fi."). 

Female. — Length rnnni.; somewhat robust; clypeus circular and mod- 
erately broadly notched, lobes small ; moutii i)a.rts with scattering wliit- 
ish hairs; vertex roughened; ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal 
crest strongly developed, very slightly broken by the antennal fovea, 






* ;; 






28 

which is oval and not deeply excavated; antennae short, scarcely 
tapering; sheath rather broad, acuminate, but not very shari)ly pointed, 
hairs rather long and abundant; cerci pointed; claws very large, deeply 
cleft; venation about normal; intercostal vein nearly at right angles 
with costa, and outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial, or 
nearly so. Color black, shiniTig; face below antenna', orbits, moutli 
parts, angles of pronotum, teguhr, and legs, except extreme bases of 
coxa', yellowish ferruginous; antenme ferruginous beneath, especially 
toward apex; veins light brown; base of stigma and base of costa pale; 
abdomen inclined to rufous beneath. 

Male. — Length 4.5 mm.; antennae much longer and antennal fovea 
somewhat narrower than in fenmle; tip of abdomen strongly recurved; 
color as in female, except that bases of posterior <'Oxa> only are black, 
and the abdomen ventrally with more or less of the apex of the last 
dorsal segment is yellowish ferruginous. The antenna' also are almost 
altogether yellowish, except scape and basal joints of the llagclluiii 
above. 

Five females and five males. Illinois, Texas, ami New ITanipshire. 
(Colls. Am. Knt. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) 



V ' 



|;ri I i 






5. Pontania agilis C?'csson. 

1880. Xcmatitu ayUia Crcsson. 



Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc, viii, p. 9. 



Fcrntdc. — Length;") mm.; very robust; clypeus broadly and shallowly 
excavated; lobes minute, rounded; vertex elevated, but with ocellar 
basin not very distinctly limited ; ridges rounded; frontal crest not dis- 
tinctly raised ; antennal fovea circular, shallow; claws very minutely 
and microscopically cleft at extreme apex; sheath strongly acuminate, 
broad basally; cerci tapering; venation normal. Color yellowish ferru 
ginous, resinous, shining; antenna', spot including ocelli, small circu 
lar spot on occiput, stripe on eacli of the lobes of mesothorax, base of 
scutellum, metathorax, more or lessof first segment of abdomen, black; 
V(uns yellowish brown ; stigma and costa yellow, the former edged with 
brown at tip. 

Male. — Length 4 to 4.5 mm.; very slender, graceful; head and mouth 
parts about as in female; antennii- very long, slender, longer than entire 
body; claws cleft as in female. Color: Large spot on vertex, extending 
considerably beyond ocelli and backward over occiput, mesothorax, 
metathorax, abdomen, dorsally except sides of the terminal segments, 
scape and llagollum above, black; balance of insect, including venter, 
legs, lower surface of antennae, except extreme tip, yellowish ferrugi- 
nous; veins brown; stigma yellow, edged with brown. 

One female ami live males. Nevada and Washington. (Coll. Am. 
Ent. Soc.) 



29 



I'ort, scarcely S. Pontania mellina Cressoii. 

larply pointed, I 1«80. Xematun wellinus CrcMsoii. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, p. 10. 

f '• ^^' *^1''^^' I Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; very robust, sliiuinjj;; clypeus distinctly 

^ig It jiugles Jml^ rather broadly emar{;inate; lobes short, broad, rounded; ocellar 

erstitial, ()i li^jjsjii, deeply excavated; sides and frontal crest stronj^ly raised, but 

1 8, moiilli Ijiither thick and i "unded, the former somewhat broken; anteunal fovea 

emo '>'ises of |j|(.(3p^ ^^^^ sharply defined; antenna' scarcely longer than head and 

1, es])eciall\ Ithorax, slender, Joints 3 and 4 subequal; venation in general norn)al; 

o costa pale; ^intercostal very near basal ; the outer veins of discal cells of hind wings 

|interstitial; stigma not very broad, tapering from oval base circularly 

ennal fovea |to apex; sheath sharply acuminate, fringed with rather long hairs; 

8 y'f'curved; |(.eTci long, scarcely ta])ering; claws very minutely notched at extreme 

fapex. Color yellowish, tinged with ferruginous, a little darker around 

I vertex, mesonot'um, and mesepimera; antenna', small spot about ocelli, 

! sometimes limited to ring about each ocellus, minute spot on occiput, 

spot on lateral lobes of mesonotum, on either side of mesoscutellum, 

apex of latter, and most of metanotum excei)t basal ])lates black; 

dorsal margin and tip of sheath brownish; veins yellowish brown; 

stigma and costa vellow, nnicolorous. 



'ly .'uo blaciv, 
-v of tlie last 
<o are ainmst 
ilio Hagellum 



ITampshire. 



»d shallowly 
with ocellar 
I'estnotdis- 
ly minutely 
acuminate, 
[>wish ferru 
5inaII circu 
■ ax, base ol" 
Hen, black ; 
edged with 

and mouth 
than entire 
extending 
esothorax, 
segments, 
"g venter, 
5h ferrugi- 



Coll. Am. 



Two females. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

This species, though somewhat larger, is very closely allied to ayiiis 
Cresson. 

7. Pontania nevadensis Cresson. 

1880. Nemutua nevadenaiH Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, p. 9. 

Female. — Length 4.5 to 5mm.; very robust, shining; vertex slightly 
rongliened; clypeus broadly, shallowly excavated; hairs of clypeus and 
labrum almost wanting; sides of ocellar basin very sharply raised; 
frontal crest large, distinct, unbroken; antennal fovea circular, rather 
deeply excavated; antenuic short, not as long as head and thorax, 
joint 3 very slightly longer than 4 and 5; sheath broad basally, strongly 
acuminate; cerci moderate, tapering; claws very large, deeply cleft. 
Color sulphur yellow; antennje, quadrate spot on vertex, extending 
back over occiput with lines running to base of antenna', n)esonotum, 
metanotum, and stripe on basal segments of the abdomen becoming 
obsolete after the fourth or fifth segment black; spot beneath base of 
wings and upper margin and apex of sheath brownish black; antenuie 
inclined to fulvous beneath toward tips; veins yellowish brown; stigma 
lighter, except lower apical margin; costa lighter at base. 

Male. — Length 4.5 mm.; very slender, graceful ; antennae nearly as 
long as entire body, joints 3 to 5 subequal, fourth a little longer tlian 
third; procidentia in-qjecting about half its lengtli; legs long; claws 
not very large, but deeply cleft. Color resinous yellow, inclined to 
ferruginous on the thorax beneath ; anteuuic above at base and scape, 






■ ii 



i 1 






1 




1 


> 


', ' 


?■ 



I t 1 



illj 

' '' 



30 

Ijirge spot on vertex extendiiif;' over occiput, mesonotum, nietsinotuin. 
brojul stripe on each tl<n-siil scjiuuMit of abdomen, not extending toj 
lateral or posteri(n- margin, black, inclining to brown on abdomen ; veins i 
light yellowish brown ; stigma almost hyaline. 

Three females and three males. Nevada, California, Montana, and 
Vancouver Island. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

The male from Montana was placed by Cresson Avith his types oil 
af/ilis, fi'om which it is easily separated by the character of the claws, 
and from general structural characters nuiy be safely referred to 
necailensif}. 

8. Pontania excavata new species. 

Female. — Length 4 nun.; moderately slender, glistening; clypeus nar- 
rowly and rather deeply incised; lobes rounded; mouth parts with 
rather long hairs; walls about ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal 
crest widely broken by the extension of the shillow antennal fovea 
posteriorly into ocellar basin; antenna' short, joints 3 to 5 subeciual. 
third slightly longest; sheath rather robust, strongly convex on upper 
margin and distinctly excavated on lower, acuminate but not shar]tly 
pointed, hairs long, scattering; claws dec])ly divided, rays ecjual an<l 
scarcely divaricating; intercostal vein nearly interstitial with basal, very 
slightly inclined; second recurrent interstitial with second transversa' 
cubital. Color black; mouth parts, extreme angles of pronotuni, 
teguhc, tips of coxa', and balance of legs for the most i>art resinous; 
upi)er and lower edges of femora, tips of posterior tibia', and tips of tarsi, 
extending on the posterior i)air to the tip of the basal Joint, brownish; 
autennai somewhat lighter beneath, especially toward tip; veins ycl 
h>wish brown; stignui at base and costa at base and apex hyaline. 

Male. — Agrees in general with the female; ocellar basin even more 
sharply detined and the frontal crest unbroken; venation normal. 
Color as in female, exce[)t that the legs are lighter and the ctmtral por- 
tion of the abdomen beneath is inclined to yellowish; autenme distinctly 
fulvous beneath; joints long, nodose at tips. 

Four females and one male. (California, Colorado (C. V. Gillette), and 
Veta Pass, Colo. (Colls. U. !S. Nat. Mus. and Am. Ent. Soc.) 

9. Pontania resinicola new species. 

Female. — Length 5.5 mui.; rather robust; clypeus deeply, angularly 
emarginate; lobes triangular, rounded at tips; mouth parts with very 
few and inconspicuous hairs, shining; frontal crest very broadly and 
bulbously elevated, semicircular, shallowly notched at center; ocellar 
basin not distinctly limited laterally, or lateral walls wanting; antennal 
fovea elongate; antenna' short, liliform, third joint longest; claws 
deeidy bitid, rays nearly parallel; sheath moderately broad, very 
slightly sinuate on lower margin, tapering regularly to apex, armeil 



begn 

pain 

may 

thci 

lobu 

occu 

or m 

X»oui 

yellc 

indit 

gall 

gxni 

Ivoe 

yieh 

vol. 

T 

(Co 



31 



in, Jiietaiiotniii 
t extending f(j 
bUomeu; vein.s 

Montaiui, and 

.Mils.) 

h liis types of 

f of the claws, 

\y referred lo 



1"; clypeusiiai. 
ith parts Avitli "t 
Jliiied; frontal 
ntennal fovea 
to 5 subequiil. 
ivex on nppoi 
t not sbar])ly 
ys ecpial and 
itb basal, very 
lid transverse 
>f pronotuni, 
art resinous; 
I tii)s of tarsi, 
lit, brownish; 
p; veins ye! 
hyaline, 
in even umie 
ition normal. 
3 eential por- 
me distinctly 



jillette), and 
)c.) 



y, angularly 
ts with very 
Jroadly and 
iter; ocellai 
S', anteimal 
t^cstj claws 
noad, very 
pex, armed 



ith rather long, curved hairs; cerci long, slightly tapering; ii])[»er 

iscal cell of hind wings usually much shorter than lower and ternn- 

ating withiu apex of latter. Color resinous yeUow; (piadrate spot on 

eitex, broad stripe on dorsuui of thorax extendi' g to scutellum, 

iietanotum and more or less of basal segments of abdomen centrally 

lecreasiug posteriorly, and upper margin of sheath browuisli-black; 

cape and upper half of antenna', tips of mandibles, and balance of 

sheath fuscous; veins brown, costa an«l stigma centrally yellow. 

Male. — Length 4 una.; rather slender, tapering distinctly from head 
and thorax to tip of abdttmen; structurally, as in the female, with the 
ateral walls of the ocelhir basin perhaps even less apparent — i)racti- 
cally obsolete. Cohu" black, shining, including orbits; mouth parts, 
angles of pronotum, teguhe, and legs brownish yellow; tips of posterior 
tibia' an<l tarsi somewhat infuscated; antenna' beneath fulvous; veins, 
including all of stigma and costu, rather dark brown; wings hyaline. 

(}<iU. — (Frontispiece, lig. 1 .) On leaves of iSali.i- coli/ornica collected by 
Albert Koebele at Donner, Placer County, (3al,, S»'|itend)er.">, 188."). The 
galls occur in clusters of two to eight on the basal portion of the leaf, 
beguming usually at the very apex of the i)etiole. They are commonly 
]>aired — if but two, one on either side, or two or lour on aside, as the case 
may be — occasionally occurring singly. In general size and appearance 
the individual galls resemble those of dixmod hides, but are rather more 
robust or globular, piojeci ing equally on both sides of the leaf and 
occui)ying the leaf entirely from the midrib to the edge. AVhere two 
or more occur together, they are merged into each other, forming a com- 
pound gall. In color they are red or pink on the upper side and light 
yellowish green on the lower. The larva is large and rather robust, 
indicating a fairly good-sized insect. 1 have doubtfully referred the 
gallt(> Voutniiia resinicol((, the largest Californiau representative of the 
gxnus, although the galls from whi(;h the adults were reared by Mv. 
Koebele were not saved by him and the ones sent to Washington 
yielded oidy an ichneumonid parasite {Ikissus euurtv Ashm., Ins. Life, 
vol. Ill, p. 4(>0) and a tortricid. 

Twi> females and seven males. Albert Koebele, Los Angeles, Cal. 
(Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

10. Fontania pectoralis new species. 

Female. — Length 5 mm.; rather robust; clypeus very broadly and 
shallowly emarginate; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin sharply 
and distinctly detinetl, former unbroken; antennal fovea broatl oval; 
fourth joint of antenna' a little longer than third; claws deeply 
notched, rays nearly ecpial; sheath of ovipositor stout and broad 
basally, slightly emarginate on lower apical edge, tip obtusely rounded; 
cerci short, tapering; third cubital three times as long as wide at 
base; outer veins of discal cells of posterior wings nearly interstitial; 
stigma very broad basally, regularly tapering to pointed ajiex. Color 



f 



32 



In 



i 



i. 



I 5 -s i 

I 11 



!'i 



I n 



1 ! I 



.41 

■ I 



I! 



ill {fcncral resinous; busc of anteniiii', space about ocelli, stripe on each 
lobe of niesonotnin, apex ot scutelluni, inotanotuni, dorsal segments ol 
abdomen, except last, extending over sides to ventral arc, large spot 
on pectus, and slieatli, especially dorsally, brownish black ; <mter two 
thirds of antenna' reddish brown; tips of posterior tibia- and all the 
tarsi, slightly darker; wings hyaline; veins light yellowish brown; 
base of stigma hyaline. 

One female. Algon(iuin, 111. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 



11. Pontania acuminata new species. 

Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; rather robust; abdomen strongly taper 
ing from just beyond middle; dypeus rather shallowly, somewhat 
angularly, notched; vertex coarsely jmnctured and roughened; frontal 
crest inominent, broadly curved, almost straight; sides of ocellai 
basin low, but well defined; antenna! fovea shallow, indistinct, 
expanding apically; antennal joints, 3 and 4 subequal; intercostal 
vein at right angles with costa; stigma very elongate, narrow, dis- 
tinctly acuminate; sheath bioad, slightly concave on upper margin, 
and decidedly produced at tip, which is obtusely pointed, and witb 
rather dense tuft of hairs; cerci robust, but slightly tapering; claws 
deeply cleft, rays sube(]ual. Color: Antenna^, spot on head back ot 
ocelli and extending over occiput, center of lobes of mesonotum, apical 
half of scutellum, metanotum and basal plates, more or less of abdo 
men basally and centrally to apex, sheaih, and sides of the metatho- 
rax black; mesepimera reddish brown; posterior tibia', and tarsi 
strongly infuscated, anterior tarsi less so; body generally otherwise 
reddish ferruginous, somewhat infuscated; mouth parts, angles of pro- 
notum, teguhe and .interior legs ahd base of all legs, yellowish; veins, 
including stigma and costa nearly to base, dark brow'-. 

One female. Michigan. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

12. Pontania robusta new species. 

Female, — ^Length 4.5 mm. ; very robust ; clypeus not very deeply emar- 
ginate, lobes broad, rounded; ocellar basin with not very distinct lat 
eral walls, broadly uniting with very large, shallow antennal fovea, th«' 
two depressions appearing almost as one; antenna; short, joint 4 n 
little longer than 3; sheath short, bro.id, rounded at tip, emarginatc 
beneath; venation normal, except that outer veins of posterior disca I 
cells are interstitial; claws rather deeply cleft, rays parallel. Color in 
general resinous yellow, shining; antenna; above, quadrate spot on 
vertex, including ocelli and extending over occiput, quadrate spot on the 
center of mesonotum, line down center aiul the tip of the scutellum. 
together with the dorsum of the abdomen, except lateral margins, 
brownish black; antenna' fulvous beneath; mouth parts whitish, with 
the tips of the mandibles reddish brown; wings hyaline; veins brown. 



OStil 

l)ro\\| 

|mes< 
Oil 

(( ol 

!.J. 

F(\ 
Ibut 



I 



i 



<5 



c 



/ 



/ 



Fin. 

CdlMIOI 

ami <', 

(■res 
nig 
dim: 
row 
clav 
nuni 

fi'i'i' 
;cloi 



33 



stripe on eacli 
il segments ol" 
Uf, large spot 
ik ; outer two 
e and all tlic 
owish brown: 



lostii and stigma very light, almost liyalino, tlu' hitter with narrow 
§)ro\vn bordering line. 

Mdh: — As in female, except that the occiput is inliiscated and the 
luesothorax is entirely black. 

One femah' and one male. Michigan and District of Columbia ( .'). 
|((.oll. U, S. Nat. Mus.) 

*!>. Pontania kincaidi new species. 

Fnuale. — Length <I mm.; rathei- robust, shining; elyjiens vei-y broadly 
[but not deeply emarginate; ocellar basin witii distinctly delined wails; 



rongly taper 
ly, somewliat 
ened; frontal 
es of ocelhn 
iv, indistinct, 
I; intercostal 
narrow, dis 
pper margin, 
ed, and witli 
)ering; claws 
iead back oi 
lotum, apica 
less of abdo 
he metatho 
e and tarsi 
ly otherwise 
ngles of pro- 
wish; veins, 



leei)ly emar 
distinct lat 
al fovea, the 
t, joint 4 a 
emarginate 
;erior discal 
1. Color in 
te spot on 
spot on the 
scutellum. 
il margins, 
litish, with 
jins brown, 






FUi. 7.~l'on(aiiia pisiuti Walsli: a :imiI /), n:ill: c, l.iiva; i/, Htiiin', in coiitiMili'il ilm-maiiti stati' in 
C(»C(iiin; c, coi'Dons iit liarks. /, inipa; ij, ailiilt Icmali.'; h, lateral \ irw ol' lip of abiloimii nf saiin'; k, Ii, 
iiiiil <', natural size; rest snlarmcl (mininal). 

erest very promnient, curved forward, unbroken ; antennal fovea extend- 
ing laterally over base of antenna'; antenme short. Joints regularly 
Uliniinishing in length from third to tip; venation noiinal; stigma iiar- 
;row, elongate, acuminate; sheath scarcely tapering, rounded at tip; 
claws deeply and coarsely notched. Color blaek. sliining; elypeus and 
? mouth parts, extreme angles of ]u*onotuin, teguhe and legs yellowish 
.fei'ruginous, decidedly infuscated; wings hyaline or \-ery slightly 
idouded; veins dark brown; stigma ai little lighter toward base. 

Four fenuiles. Trevor Kincaid,01ympia, Wash. (Coll. Cornell L^niv.) 
13441)— No. 3 3 



!i 



34 

14. Fontania pisum Walsh (fig. 7.) 

186(i. Xcmatiifi mlieis pisiim Walsh. Proc. Eut. Soc. riiila., vi, p. 259. 

18GG. Xematus qmrcicohi (Walsh) Crcsson. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, p. 260. 

1867. XemalHs aalicis inaum Norton. Trans. Anier. Eut. Soc, i, p. 204. (Cat., etc., 

p. 06.) 
1880. Xcmaliis salicis jiisnni Thomas. 10th Kop. State Ent. 111., p. 68. 
18!r>. Xematits pisum ]Marlatt. I'roc. Eut. Soc. Wash., iii, p. 261. 
1895. Xematus quercicohi (Walsh) Marlatt. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., iii, p. 266. 

Female. — Loiiotli 4 imn.; slender, head wider than thorax; abdomen 
spindle shaped; clypeus rather deeply and angularly notched, lobe> 
triangular; ocellar basin distinctly limited, lateral ridges not very 
sharply raised; frontal crest prominent, slightly notched at center; 
antennal fovea shallow, eh)ngate; antennic short, nioderately robust, 
joints 3 to 5 subequal ; sheath broad, very slightly emarginate beneath, 
rounded above, apex rounded; cerci rather long, tapering; claws 
deeply notched, rays subequal; third cubital cell quadrate; upper 
discal cell not exceeding lower. Color: Antenna', spot on vertex 
extending more or less over occiput, thorax, most of abdomen, includ- 
ing sheath, black ; orbits and face below and including frontal crest, 
most of pronotum, teguhe, legs except o vtreme base of posterior coxa , 
more oi less of central portion of venter of abdomen, including all 
terminal segments and the terminal dorsal segment with cerci, yellow- 
ish ferruginous; tips of posterior tibia' and tarsi infuscated; antennn' 
very slightly paler beneath and toAvard tips; veins and stigma brown; 
costa lighter at base. 

^[((h'. — Length 3.") mm. ; very slender and graceful; tuitennai longer 
than in I'einale and more robust; joints 3 to 5 subeiiual. Color }»lack; 
face below froiual crest, orbits, angles of i)ronotum, teguhe, legs except 
bases of posterior coxa', central portion of abdomen beneath, and hypo 
pygium yeHow; veins as in female; antenna' fulvous beneath and also 
entirely at apex. 

"(laU. — The gall uiado hy it is found on SaUx discolor. A anhsphcrioal, poa-liko, 
hollow, palo yellowiHh-yrcon gall, always growing on tho undursido of the leaf and 
alniotit a' ways I'ntm one of the sido veins (in one caso from the midrib), aud attached 
to till' loaf l)y only a niinnto ]iortion of its Bnrfai'c; 0.18 to 0.28 inch iu diameter, and 
a lew,innnatnn', only 0.08 inch in diameter. Almost invariably there is but one gall 
to tlio leaf, but on four leaves tlu'ro were two, and occasionally two are coulhient. 
Surface iu some smooth aud even, without pubeseonce; in others a little Rhriveh'ii, 
generally studded in Ihe nicdinm-Hi/ed ones with four to twelve small, robustly eou 
ieal nip]d(>s, wliitli in the larger ones have burst into a scabnms biowu sear. OuI,\ 
iu three out of inxty-two was there any rosy check, as in «, jwrnhm. The point ol 
aliachnient is unirkod (»n the upper side of the leaf by n brown Bii'>hemisphericai 
depression. 

"f.anut. — August -'5. Ai)parently 18-footed, no anal prologs being visib.e. When 
at rest, it elevated its entire abdomen behind the true legs in the air. Tjongth 0.17 
toO,2;{ iucli; color whitish hyaline; head slightly dusky ; month ilusky; oyo-Bpots 
circular and black ; anal s(>gment e(inal iu length to twoof the others ami ai)i>arpntly 
divided iu two by a traiisvcrse uu'dial suture. The larva goes under ground to trans 
form, for out of lifty galls all but three were btu'ed, and in those, when opened, larva' 
which iuul perished Avhon immature were found." — Walsh, Proc Eut. SucPliila., VI, 
j "Mi. 



i' ■' 



35 



259. 

, VI, p. 260. 

04. (Cat., etc, 

68. 

., Ill, p. 266. 
ax; abdomen 
otched, lobes 
^es not very 
id at center; 
ately robust, 
aate beneatli, 
eriiig; claws 
Irate; iij^per 
:>t on vertex 
amen, incliul. 
frontal crest, 
isterior coxa , 
including all 
eerci, yellow- 
;ed; antenmi' 
;igma brown ; 

ienna> longer 
Color ]»lack; 
legs except 
1, and bypo 
atli and also 

rioal, poa-likc, 

■ tlio leaf and 

and attaclicd 

diuniotcr, uiitl 

is bnt one gall 

uro conlhiont. 
tie Klirivolod, 
robustly eon 
n Hcar. Onl.v 
Tlio point «( 

lioniisi)herical 

isibio. When 
Lcnglh 0.17 
ky; eyo-spots 
•1 ajijiarently 
)nn(l to trauH 
)pono»l, larva' 
or. riiila., VI, 



Four females and Ave males. Illinois aiul New York. (Colls. Am. 
Int. Soc. and U. S. Nat. ]\rus.) 

Galls: liiclilield Springs, N. V., Tli. Pergande, collector, September 
|21}, 1886; adults (males) issued January 27 to l-'ebriiary 5, 1887. I'^ast 
pteainbiipjr, N. Y., K. L. Horton, colloctcu', September 25, 1894:; adult 
[issued 3Iarcli 28, 1895. 

15. Pontania bnmeri new species. 

Female. — Leugtii 4.5 mm.; moderately robust; abdomen much broader 
than thorax: clypeus distinctly but broadly emarginate, lobes small; 
lateral walls «»f ocollar basin rounded, iiulistinct; frontal crest very 
slightly broken, prominent; third and fourth j()ints of antenna' sub- 
eijual; .^heath broad, scarcely tai)eriiig, somewhat obliijuely rounded 
at tip; secouil recurrent interstitial with second cubital; third cubital 
indistinct; ujipcr discivl of posterior wings considerably shorter than 
lower. Color black, shining; mouth ])arts, posterior orbits, angles 
*of pronotum. teguhe, legs except bases of (!oxa', brownish yellow; 
c veins light brown; stigma and costa yellowish, tin; former nearly hya- 
line basally. The abdomen in one specimen is yellowisli beneath at 
apex. 

(rdll. — (Frontispiece, fig. 7.) Galls occurring singly on tlie edges of the 
leaves of SdlLr lomjit'oUa^ having the form and geiu'ial characteristics 
of the gall of J\ <hsiiio(lioi(l(.s. Length from 7 to 10 nun.; smooth, 
tleshy gall, extending from the midrib considerably beyond the narrow, 
linear leaf, with a ju-ominent and distinct suture indicating what was 
the edge of the leaf; in '-olor yellowish, inclined to reddish. 

1 Three females, reare<l from galls collected by Lawrence liruner on 
%iobinson's ranch, Wyoiuing, September 15, 1881. The galls at this 

Itime were mostly abandoiu'd, «mly six of them still (lontaiiung larvie. 

Adults issued between February 18 and .March '^, 1882. (Coll. U. S. 

Kat. .Mus.) 

Kl. Pontania pacifica new species. 

Female. — L«'ngth 5 mm.; rather rohusi ; clyjieus broadly, circularly 
emarginate, lobes medium: iVontal crest veiy strongly developed, 
broken; lateral walls of ocellar basin subobsolete; antenna' with joint 
S very little longer than I ; sheath bioad, not tapering, broadly roumled 
fit tip; claws deeply cleft; vemition norunil, except that the Lpi)er 
discal d(U's \u»t exceetl the lower. Color in general resinous; antenna', 
Jarge spot on vertex, including ocelli, occiput, mesonotum except 
Tpcutcllnm, nu'tanotum and the basal segment of abdomen, lower half 
<bf mes«>pimera. and sheath brownish black; \eiiis dark brown; stigma 
lomewhat lighter basallv: wings very slightly inl\is(!ated. 
I 
One fenmlc. Soutliern i'alifornia. (Coll. Am. ICnt. Soc.) 



36 



\i 



II I 



Ifh 



17. Pontania pomum Walsb. 

18(J(i. Nemutiin aalicit! pomiim Walsh. I'roc, Eut. Soc. Pbil., VI, p, 255. 

1866. ynnatus hos})eii Walsh. Pioc Knt, Soc. I'hii., \i, p. 261. 

1867. XemutiiH aaUch pomum Norton. Traus. Aiuer. Ent. Soc, i, p. 216. (Cat., 

etc., p. 78.) 
1867. Xematiia //osjus Norton. Trans. Anicr. Ent. Soc, i, p. 218. (Cat., etc., j). 80.) 
1869. Xcmatim tiaUcis j)omum Walsh anil Kilcy. Am. Ent., ii, j). 15. 
1877. Xfmatns K((liiin pomum IJiley. yth lvci)t. Ins. Mo., p. 20. 

1881. Xvmatus naliris poruum Thonnis. 10th Ent. I?oi)t. 111., p. 68. 

1882. yemaliii< sdliriti pomum Trovaacher. Nat. Can., xiii, p. 2il2. 
18S;{. Xcmatus .salicis jnimum Provanchtsr. Nat. Can. llyni., p. 711. 
1895. I'ontunia liospes Marlatt. Proc. Ent. Soc, Wash., ill, p. 266. 

Female. — Ijongth 5 to 5.5 mm.; very robust, shining; clypens ratlui 
deeply, but juigiilarly cnuirginute, lobes trijingular, rounded; ridges ot 
vertex about ocellar basin rounded, subobsolete; frontal crest broad, 
rounded, slightly notched; antennal fovea very shallow, elongate; 
antenna' short, not longer than head and thorax, joint 3 a little longer 
than 4 or 5; sheath very broad and robust, scarcely tapering, rounded 
at tip; cerci rather long, tapering; claws not very deeply cleft, inner 
ray much shorter than niter; venation normal, except that outer veins 
of the (liscal (lells of hind wings are usually interstitial. Color yellow 
ish ferriiginoiis; antenna', (juadiate spot inch)sing ocelli, with branclu's 
running to base of antenna', stripe on center of mesonotum extending 
to mesoscutelluni, spot on either side of scutellum aiul thorax i)0steri(»r 
to same, with basal i>]ates and narrow basal margin of the dorsal .seg- 
ments becoming indistinct toward tij> of abdomen, and sheath brownish 
black; antenna' indistinctly rulbus beneath toward tips; posterior tarsi 
slightly infuscated at tips; veins brown ; stignui and costa more inclined 
to yellowish, former not es[)ecially lighter at base; black stripe on 
mesonotum is sometimes interrupted or occasiomilly almost wanting. 

Mule. — Length \ mm. ; more slender and elongate than female; struc- 
turally as in fennile, excei)t that the antennae are longer; joints 3 to .'» 
snbe(|ual. Color brownish black, shining; head and thorax opaque from 
rather coarse puncturing; face below base of antenna', orbits, angles 
of i)ronotuin, tegiila', legs except bases of coxa', and abdomen beneath 
yellowish ferruginous; tips of anterior tarsi and all posterior tar.'-i 
fns(M)Us; antenna' iiilous beneath, especially toward tips; wings as in 
fennile, but sliglitly darker. 

<iaU, — (Fnintispici^c, llj>'. I, ) 'riicfXiiU s. pomum found on .sv»/i.rrrt)7/<f/rt and very rarely 
on s, (liscoliir. A mmkioHi, llcsliy, sessile, ,i;lol»Mlai', or slightly oval inonothuiiunon- 
^all, iilvc a niiiiiiil lint ap|ilc, ().:t() lo OSCt inch iliainctt^r, j;rowin;>; on one side of tli'' 
midrib of a leaf, and oxtiMidin^ to its e<l;i;(' or beyond it. 'I'liu )irinci))al part of tli*' 
gall projects from the nmlor sid<' of the loaf; very rarely it is iiisocted by the leal. 
Color frnvcnisli ncIIow, sometimes wilii a rosy check, es]»ccially the n|»p(T surface, 
ami often with little dots. Fully niiiture.lnly Itl. An analofjons jrall is fttrnied in 
iMirojic on various willows by Xcmatus titiHiroln Wcstw. 

/,(/rrr(.— Mil 21 it is only about O.IO inch Ioiim;; .hine 11 it is white, 0.10 toO.n 
inch lonfi; , .ily 21,0,15 inch lony; .Inly !tO, 0.15 lo 0.20 inch lon^, l»iii(! f^rcenisli 
white, head pule brown. Lci^s freely movable. There was no earth in the Jar in 
which the yalls were placed, and mosl of the cocoons were spun in the gullii uud i 
few between thuin.— Wulsb, Proc KnI. Soc. I'hila., vi, i». 255, 



L8. 



ml 



37 



p. 255. 

I, p. 216. (Cat., 

;Cat.,etc.,p. 80.) 
•15. 

■<. 

11. 
6. 

Jlypeus ratlitr 

led; ridges ot 

I crest broiul, 

Dw, elongate; 

a little longer 

ring, rounded 

ly cleft, iniu r 

at outer veins 

Color yellow 

vitli branelu's 

iini extendinj,' 

>rax posterior 

le dorsal sej.^- 

atli Orownisli 

losterior tarsi 

more inclined 

ick stripe on 

it wanting. 

male; striic 

joints .'3 to "i 

opaque from 

rbits, angles 

men beneafli 

sterior tar.si 

wings as in 



[in«l very rarely 
loiKitlialaiiHMi- 
mw Nido of tin' 
)al part of I lie 
L'd by tilt) leal, 
iipjMT HiirliU'f, 
II is toiiiii-(l ill 

to, O.IO toO.Ii 
jiaio iireoiiis!! 
iti tlio Jar ill 

lie gallti uiul .1 



Six females and five males. Illinois. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Also two 
females (Cornell University), labeled as having been reared from gall of 
Vecidomyia strobiloides. 

[8. Fontania atra new spet^ies. 

Female. — Lengtli 4 mm.; slender, elongate; clypous nearly truncate; 

Iridges about anterior ocellus rounded or subobsolete; fovea very shal- 

jlow, indistinct; antcnme slender, fourth Joint distinctly longer than 

third; sheath slender, tapering, rounded at tip; claws with inner ray 

■ considerably shorter than outer, not very deeply notched ; stigma ;>arrow, 

^elongate. Color shining black, in<duding mouth parts, pronotum, and 

ftegulu'. Trochanters, apical half of femora, tibia', and +arsi inclined 

to pallid, but strongly infuscated. \'eins, including stigma, very dark 

j brown. 



One female. Michigan, A])ril 21. 
Nat. Mus.) 

10. Fontania hyalina Norton. 



Cr. C. Davis, <'ollector. (Coll. IT. S. 



i 



IHGI. .l/t'ssft /i//«/i/ia Norton. l*ro(\ Ent. Soc. Pliila., in, p. S. 

lS(i7. Mc3H(( hyalina Norton. Triins. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 21,'l.'. (Cat., otc, p. 84.) 



Female. — Length 4 mm.; moderately robust, shining; clyiieus very 
shallowiy, if at all, excavated, almost truncate; vertex nearly smooth; 
ridges indistinct, rounded; antennal fovea very large and deep, nearly 
circular; antennae somewhat longer than head and tlnwax, slender, 
Kcan'ely tapering, third joint very nnudi longer than fourth, third to 
fifth joints nodose at apex; sheath very elongate, narrow, ta])ering reg- 
ularly to tip, more than hidf as long as abdomen; (daws deejily <deft, 
rays snbequal; outer veins of diseal e<dls(»f hind wings and usually sec- 
ond recurrent and second transverse cubital interstitial; tiiird (cubital 
('ell(|uadiate. Color bhick; t ips of (dypeus,labruin, mouth iia its, extreme 
angles of pronotum, tegula', legs except extreme bases of coxa', yellow; 

^ tips of posterior tibia', their tarsi, and the eerci dusky; ujiper niid lower 

; edges of femora sometinuis infuscated; veins yellowish brown; basal 

I half of stigma hyaliiu'. 

(lall. — (l-'iontispiece, lig -.) Fleshy galls, occurring in two ]iarallol 
rows, Olio on either side of the midrib, sometimes toiudiiiig bnt not origi- 
nating from tlie latter, aiul rarely extending to the edge of the leaf; 
sometimes as many as twenty on a single leaf; in otiu'r ciises conlined 
to a low on one side of the leaf, or occasionally occurring singly ; shape 
irregular, elong.iteovate, luojeet ing eciually on both surfaci's of \\w, leaf; 
length 7 to 10 mm., the nbortive ones smaller. Color on upiter side 

- more or less brownish red; beneath white, with slight purplish tinge. 
The giills result from the punctures of the females in the very teiuh^est 
leaves, the wound closing and becoming invisible. Tli(» eggs iiml larvae 
are subject to the atta(dvs of mites, Thiips, a cuii'iilioiiid {.\}i(li(>iiomns 

^ sjfcnitliKiifa Walsh), and a lepidopterous larva which eats out the entire 

I interior of the gall, tenthredinid larva and all. 



J 



/ 



.vl t 



38 

Many specimens. Now Hampshire, Now York, Massachusetts, Penn- 
sylvania, New Jersey, and Canada. (Colls. Am. Eut. Soc. aud U. S. 
Nat. Mus.) 

Galls: Eoscawen, N. H., C. Y. Eiley, collector, July 16-25, 1383, "on 
Salix fragilh, a large tree, 50 to 70 feet high, with a rough bark and 
trunk, smooth branches, and galls very i)lontitul on younger leaves all 
over the tree." The adults were obtained between Ai)ril 29 and May 
21, 1884; also chalcidid and other parasites. 

Magnolia, Mass., July 11>, 1883; gallmaker not reared. Ilymenop 
terous parasites issued .Inly 20, 1883. 

Kichfield Springs, N. Y., Theo. I'organde, collector, February 8, 188(5; 
adults issued ^larch 3 to April 21,1887; also chalcidid parasites and 
a dipterous guest fly. 

Pittsburg, Pa., J. C. Leach, collector, July 25, 1801. 

Pointe au Pic, (Quebec, Canada, E. Corning, collector, August 28,1801. 

20. Fontania truncata new species. 

Female. — Length! mm.; moderately robust; (^lypeus almost squarely 
truncate, scarcely excavat* 1; ridges about ocellar basin and frontal 
crest rounded, almost obsolete ; antennal fovea large, circular ; antennic 
scarcely tapering, not longer than the head and thoiax; claws not very 
deeply notched, inner ray considerably shorter than outer; sheatli 
narrow, elongate, not acuminate, rounded at tip; venation normal. 
Color black, shining; clypeus, mouth parts, angles of ])ronotum, tognl!i'. 
\ oiicer of abdomen, and legs, except bases of posterior coxa^, yellowish 
ferruginous; sheath brownish at apex and on margin ; antenujc fulvous 
beneath, except ()n scape and first .joint of flagellum. 

One female. Southern California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

21. Pontania atriventris new species. 

Female. — Length 1.5 mm.; moderately robust; clypeus distinctly 
emargiuate, lobes minute, pointed; frontal and laieral ridges of vertex 
rounded, subobsolete; antenn.o with Joints 3 to 5 suboiiual, fourth j(»iiit 
slightly longest; sheath narrow, elongate, tap(M'ing; claws deeply cleft: 
venation normal. Color black, shining, including orbits and venter of 
thorax and abdomen ; legs beyond (loxa- yellowisli brown ; femora darker, 
with upper and lower edges and the tips of ])osterior tibia' and tarsi 
infuscated ; clyi)eus and mouth i)art8 pale; wings hyaline; veins brown ; 
basal half of stignui hyaline. 

Three fenuiles. Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 



Ihc 
Lar 
»d| 
lab| 

)0!! 

Ishc 

inci 

tar 

ill 

uoil 

Wgetl 



'- I' 



lii'ii.^ 



22. Pontania californica new species. 

Fem<(le. — Length 4.5 mm.; moderately robust; clypeus rather deeply 
and not broadly excavated, lobes rounded; head rather strongly imnc- 
tared ; ridges about ocellar basin not well defined j auteuual fovea broad, 



39 



busetts, Penn- 
3oc. aud U. S. 

-25,1383, "oil 
•ugli bark and 
iger leaves all 
il 20 and May 

tl. llymenoi) 

•rnary 8,188(1; 
parasites ami 



igust 28,1801. 

most squarely 
I and frontal 
liar; antennii' 
laws not very 
mter; sheatli 
wtion normal. 
otuni,te<,Mil!i', 
xu', yellowish 
ennje fulvous 



us distinctly 
ges of vertex 
(burth joint 
deeply cleft; 
nd venter (»t' 
mora darker, 
iii' an<l tarsi 
k'eins brown j 

>c.) 



itlier dcopl.,' 
ongly juinc- 
fovea oroaU; 



ircular, shallow, breaking through rudimentary frontal crest; antennte 

hort, not as long as head and thorax, scarcely tapering; sheath very 

arrow, elongate, not acuminate, rounded at tip; inner ray of claw con- 

iderably shorter than outer; venation normal. Color black, shining; 

abrum, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, tegulu', legs except bases of 

osterior coxte, abdomen beneath, except sheath, yellowisl. ferruginous; 

sheath brownish rufous, smooth, shining; antennje with llagellum 

inclined to rufous beneat'i ; veins brown, stigma and costa paler basally ; 

ftarsi somewhat infuscated. 

I jirale. — Length 4 mm.; structurally agrees with female; also colora- 
:|tional characters, except that the pronotum is entirely black, coxic alto- 
Igether black, and the venter of abdomen yellowish brown centrally, 

fucluding hyi)opygium. 
Gall. — Gall of the type (Icsmodioidcs, not differing in the dried speci- 
iinens in any noticeable manner from the latter. Length 8 to 12 mm. 
ormally but one gall occurs on a leaf. The galls were received from 
Ir. n. T. Turner, Eastlake, ('al., August 20, 1883, and the adults issued 
between September 18, 1883, and iVLarch 24, 1884. 

Nine females and 3 males, 8 of which — (J females and 2 males — were 
.reared from willow-leaf galls (tolleeted by Mr. Turner in California. 
|(Coll. \j. S. Kat. Mus.) 

I One male collected at Alameda, Oal., in March by Mr. Koebele, aud 
the others collected in Southern California. (Colls. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
and Am. Ent. Soc.) 

23. Fontania gracilis new species. 

Female. — Length 5 mm.; sleiuler, elongate species; abdomen cen- 
trally considerably broader than thorax ; head very much narrow ,.• 
than thorax; clypeus distinctly, circularly emarginate; ridges of veitex 
^Irounded, subobsolete; frontal crest broken: antenna' with Joints 3 to G 
subequal, fourth slightly Ion ;j;jst; sheath elongate, narrow, tapering; 
|claws deeply cleft; venation normal. Color in general black, shining; 
orbits, face beneath antenna', pronotum, teguhe, legs, and venter of 
j*abdomen reddish yellow; wings hyaline; veins, including all of stigma, 
^^dark brown. 

(Hall. — Calls somewhat similar to denmodioidcs, but mucli more robust, 
^nearly spherical, extending from midrib to considerably beyond edge of 
leaf; diameter to 13 mm.; surface smooth. 

(Jails collecte<l in Virginia by I\Ir. Pergande September 20, 1885; 
idults issued April 10 and 20, 188<1. 

Two females. Virginia, (('oil. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

24. Fontania Btig;matalis nt^w species. 
Female. — lAingth 4 nun. ; robust ; clypeus distinctly but rather broadly 

[and circularly emarginate, lobes small, pointed; ridges of vertex sub- 



I 

I 



11 



I' 



hi! 



I" ^ J *'^' 

' 'I 

' '»■ f 



> 






li 



\ 



40 

oi)solcto: ail teiiiial fovea shallow, uniting- more or less with the slight, 
(leprossion about anterior ocellus; antenna' very slender, rather eloii-i 
gate for the genus, Joints 3 to 5 subequal; sheath long, narrow, regii ' 
larly tapering to rather acute tip; venation normal; claws deeply clefi, 
rays subecjual. Color black, shining; mouth parts, a gles of ]>ru- 
notum, togulii'. and legs, including ti]>s of coxa-, whitish; upper and 
lower margins of femora are narrowly dark brown, and the tips of the 
tibia' and tarsi, particularly j^osterior pair, brownish; the posteridi 
orbiis are rcKldish yellow; wings hyaline; veins light brown, costa and 
stigma hyaline. 

One female. ]Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

2.-). Pontania desniodioides Walsh. 

1SU(). .\cmalii:i aaliiis dtsmudioidtn \Vtilwh. I'roc. Ent. Soc. IMiiliv., vr, p. 257. 

186G. Xcmaiita intiiiiliiiiifi 'Wiil.sh. I'roc. Ent. Hoc. Phila., vi, p. 2(50. 

lS(i7. XemaiKx KiiliciK (IcsmodioUlcH J^iorUm. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., i, j). 211. ({'mi. 

etc.. ]». 7:1) 
isi)7. XciiKitns iiiii>iiliiiiis Norton. Tran.s. Am. Eut. Soc., i, p. 218. (Cat., dr.. 

]). 75.) 
187S, Xtmnliis iiKiitilhnis I'lovanclMU. Can. Nat., x, p. 57. 
1X81!. Xdiiatiin huiuiUiniK I'rovancher. Faun. Ent. Can. llym., p. 190. 
1S95. I'dtiUmia iu(]iiiHua Marlatt. I'roc. Ent. Soc. Wash., iii, p. 206. 

Foiiali'. — Length .") mm.; rather robust; head and thorax strongly 
punctured, somewhat opaque; dypeus deeply and narrowly eniargi 
nate. lobes rounded; ocellar basin well defined, side walls thick; frontal 
crest large, slightly notched; antennal fovea elongate, deeply exca 
vated; claws rather deeply and evenly cleft; sheath narrow, long, ri'u 
ularly tapering, scarcely excavated beneath; cerci slender, tapering: 
wings with normal venation, except that the third cubital cell is nearly 
<|na(lrangular. ('olor of antenme, large spot including ocelli, stripe on 
anterior lobe of mesonotum, band in front of scutellum, most of meta 
notiiin, and abdomen dorsally ex(;ept sides and apex dark brown, 
ap])roaching Idack (mesonotum sometimes nearly altogether blacK, 
except scutel) ; occii»ut, balaiuje of mesonotum, and the mesepimera 
reddish brown, inclined to resinous; face, orbits, pronotum, .scutelliini, 
abdomen beneath, and legs yellowish ferruginous; veins and stigma 
yellowish brown, the former scarcely lighter basally. 

Mxic. — Length I mm.; structurally about as in female; vertex with 
numerous yellowish hairs; the ocellar basin less distinctly defined and 
the antennal fovea more triangular and deei>eniiig anteriorly; venation 
as in female, exce[)t that the intercostal vein is [)osterior to basal. 
Color brownish black; spot beneath antenna', cly])eus, mouth parts 
lower and inner orbits, pronolum, teguhe, legs for the most part, broad 
stripe on venter of abdomen and dorsal apex of same, yellowish: 
posterior (arsi iiifuscated; jiosterior orbits reddish yellow, fuscous; 
veins yellowish brown; stigma unicolcM'ons. 

ff'ij//.— Tlic Kiill i.H found on N. hiimilh. It iH '.inooth, llattish, llesliy, hohsHo, yellow- 
isli f^rciMi, nionothalamous, HcmicirouUu' in |j;unerulHbapoliko thusoodofaDostuodinni 



41 



ivitli the sliglif, 
r, rather ch)ii-( 
, narrow, re<;ii 
^'8 (leeplyclefi,' 
I gles of iu(.. 
^h; upper and 
tlie tips of the 
tlie ]»osteri(»r 
wii, eosta and 



'•) 



vr, p. 257. 
I, p. 211. (('ill., 
2i:i (Cat., .-tr,. 



190. 
2(16. 

t)rax strongly 

owly eniarj^i 

thick J frontiil 

<leeply excii 

ow, long-, I'vix- 

ler, tai)crin<;': 

cell is nearly 

;elli, stripe (»n 

n(»st of nieta 

<larlc brown. 

j^ether black, 

i niesepimeiM 

m, scntelhini. 

i and stigiii;i 

; vertex with 
^ defined and 
•ly; venation 
ior to basal, 
iiouth parts 
t part, broiitl 
S yellowish; 
)w, fuscous; 



HOHsiic, yollov- 
I'aDostuodiniii 



tlic qiiartor of an oranpo. It i.s about equally divided liotween tho two surfaces 
Ithe loaf; no rosy cbeok. Generally there is but one <;all on a loaf; one loaf waa 
\n with three upon it. Length 0.23 to 0.50 inch. One luindred and thirty-one 
jcinicns. (iall mature .Tuly 30. 

Larva. — Three or four of these .July 30, did not ai)parently ditl'er from those of 
jwjnHm examined the same day. When the larva quits feedinu; in the nj.ill, there 
biains nothing' of it but a sliell as tliin as ]):iper. All tlu; imfigoes l)red iiu]»izod 
[side the gall, ))ut there was no eartli within tlie breeding vase, — Wal.sh, I'roc. Knt, 
)c. I'hila., VI, p. 2.57. 

Two females, a bred specimen from Illinois ( Walsh's tyi)e?) and a 
llected specimen from .Arassacihusetts, and one male (Walsh's type?) 
parently reared with the female described above. (( !oll. Am. I'lit. 
c.) 

Xcmatus imjulliniis Walsli is uiuiuestionably identical with this species. 

Galls probably belonging to this species have been received from the 

llowing localities: Lafayette, Tnd., F. M. Webster, August 15, 18!M», 

om whi(;h were obtained two i)arasites, Sj/mpicsis sp. and Uiiri/toma 

0(;H(lios(i Say,sni)posed to be parasitic on A)ithoiio))ius Ni/c(q)lutntaAyn]s]\ ; 

!itichfield Si)rings, X. Y., Th. I'ergaude, (M)llector, September 2.S, 1,S8(». 

Gadet, Mo., .1. (1. Barlow, collector, iSeptember 24, 1S!M). 

86. Pontania sulphurea new species. 

Fciiialc. — Length 4 mm.; rather slender, glistening; head and thorax 
ftomewhat coarsely i)unctured ; clypeus circularly cmarginate. lobes 
triangular; ridges of vertex inclosing ocellar basin present, but not dis- 
ifiinctlydetincd; frontal crest small; antennal fovea very shallow, almost 
%anting; anteinnc scarcely as long as head and thorax, liliform. Joints 
8 and I subecpiiil; sheath very narrow, elongate, tapering toward 
toiinded tij); (tlaws large, deeply notched; outer veins of discal cells of 
lind wings iiiterstiti:il: cerci very short, tapering rapi<lly from base. 
f)olor sul])hur yellow; antenna', cptadrate spot on vertex inclosing 
0cclli, large spot on each of anterior lobes of mesonotum, the jxist scu- 
tellum and two or three spots on the succeeding sclerite, baud on basal 
|>latcs, and on itroxiniiil segments of abdomen brownish blitck, lighter 
on abdonuMi; iintenna' fulvous beneath, dusky toward tips; sheath 
edged with lirown on tiie dorsal and api:';il nnugins; veins light yel- 
lowish brown: stigma and costa lighter basally. 

j\l<(le. — Agrees in general chariicters with the female. The dor,;um of 
lorax is black, and the basal segments of the abdomen are bhu^k <'en- 
rally, formin,; a narrow dark strii»e extending more than halfway to 
le tip of the abdomen. 

I One female and one male. Montana and Nevada. (Coll. Am. ICnt. 

loc.) 



|7. Pontania rugfulosa ninv species. 

Moh'. — Length i mm.; rather slender; head roughened, coarsely 
kuKitured, thorax with liner i)uncturing; clypeus deeply, narrowly 
|iiiarginatc, lobes triangular; lateral walls of ocellar basin indistinct or 



42 



if 



I '- 



"I 

w 






Hit 
Pc 

tttl 
er 
q^ur 



veins dark brown ; stigma unicolorous, brown ; costa lighter at extreme; 
b^se. 



wanting; frontal crest sliarply defined, prominent, sligbtly notched ii,. 

the center; antennal fovea very minute, almost wanting, circular 

antenna' longer than head and thorax, joints 3 and 4 subc'iual, joints ; 

to 5 nodose at tips; procidentia projecting more than its width beyoiuj 

terminal segment; hypopygium narrow, rounded at tip; claws deejilv 

.cleft; third cubital cell very short, (juadrate; upi>er discal cell of liind 

wing not exceeding lower. Color black; clypeus, mouth parts, anglo.> 

of pro iotiiin,teguLi', hypopygium, and legs, except bases of coxic, yellow 

ish ferruginous; tips of anterior tarsi faintly and tips of posterior tiliiic s . 

and their tarsi more strongly infuscated; antenna' fulvous benea1li:2_' 

jitent 

i#pc 
la 

Two males, one reared (!) from willow gall. iMichigan. (Coll. U. S*|l*^ 

Nat. Mus.) k«i|"i» 

jJited 

28. Pontania placenta Norton. giving 
1867. Kematus placentua Nortou. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,i, p. 213. (Cat., etc., p. 7,". ftlJl-gl 

Male. — Length 4.5 mm.; not very robust, shining; jjlypeus veiv*- ^ 
broadly excavated, lobes small; vertex rounded, smooth, with a dc('|) *^^^ 
furrow beyond lateral ocelli ; ridges limiting ocellar basin wanting oi ^^S* 
indistinct, as also frontal crest; antennal fovea large, very shallow,^ - " 
indistinctly limited; antenna^ slender, not much longer than head and gj^ p(j 
thorax; claws microscopically cleft at apex ; procidentia not or scarcely ^^ , 
projecting. Thefollowing veins are interstitial: Intercostal with basal, - ., 
second recurrent with second transverse cubital and outer veins oi 
discal cells of posterior wings. Color of antenna', large spot on head 
about ocelli, occiput, mesonotum and metanotum, abdomen above except „ L. .. 
narrow lateral edge, more or less of metepisternujn, and buses of puti mu 
terior coxui black; balance of body yellowish ferruginous. « ', 

Whei 
but r 

29. Fcntania pallifrons Cresson. the }J 

1880. Xematm paWfrona Cressou. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, p. 0. nKbt. 

An 
Mah. — Length 5 mm.; moderately robust; clypeus almost sqnarely 

truncate; mouth parts with short white hairs; vertex smooth, shinin;:; , 

ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal crest rather large, unbroken; \a, 

antennal fovea very small, circular, more deei)ly excavated at lower ^ 

end, antenna' not much longer than head and thorax, robust and ^ \ 

tai)ering; claws large, deeply divided, inner ray much shorter than 

outer; {ipex of abdomen not strongly recurved; procidentia short. 

strongly constricted at base, apical angles acuminate; cerci rather 

long, spindle shaped, venation normal, except that the intercostal vein 

is at right angles to costa; stigma very elongate, narrow. Color black, 



ic 
1891. 

Bin( 



One male. Canada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 



shining; face below ocellar basin, oibits, pronotum, teguhe, all ot 
venter, and legs yellowish ferruginous; metepisteruum and extreme 



A 

Brui 

¥4th 
low 

type 




A 



rlitly notched ii,, 
intiii^', circular 
Libc'iua], joints; 
ts width beyond 
ip; claws deeplv, 
Seal cell of liiiicHi 
th 
of 



43 

js of posterior coxir brownish black; tips of posterior tibiit> and 
^i, and cerci, infuscated; antenna* unicolorous, brownish black. 

>ne male. Cresson's type. Texas. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

Fontania pyriformis new species. (Frontispiece, fig. 5.) 

mrts " (. I " IP^^^' — ^'^lls occurring on leaves of Salix cali/onuca{?). Collected by 
•^- ... ' ' ' S ^ \|bcrt Koebele, Donner, Placer County, Cal., September 5, 18S5. Galls 

If ,^«c,f.v..- 4-■^ ■ 'OCur on the underside of the leaf, attached to or near the midrib, 

I posterior tihi.i .; ,, . , , . 

iilvous bo iMiiuly snigly, but sometimes two separately on the leaf, or more fre- 

'hter at o f ' locntly partly coalescing, in which case one is usually abortive. They 
use pear shaped, attached rather broadly (.^ to i greatest diameter) at 
'^ larger end, and rather acutely pointed, sometimes slightly curved 

m. (Coll. U. S ,** tij), 0" more rarely bifurcate. They consist of a mere shell, con- 

tt|ining with the larva very little frass, as though the larva had sub- 

rfited more on secretions than on the solid interior of the gall — the gall 

giving now no indication of ever having been fleshy and solid. The 

(Cat., etc., p. 7," faJl-grown larva escapes through the base of the gall at its point of 

t^lypeus vj^iyattachment, emerging, therefore, on the upper side of the leaf. The 

h with a (ii>,,j,l^va is white,' with light-brown head and black eye-spots, 7 to <S mm. 

sin wan tin"' oi^**'^^' ^^"^ specimens of Pimiila euurw Ashm. ' were reared, but no 

: very shaltow S*^^*^^*^^- 

than head and 



not or scarcely 
stal with basal, 
outer veins ot 
'i spot on head 
n above except 
1 bases of pus 
s. 



I. 0. 

most squarely 
loothjshiniii;;; 
go, unbroken; 
ated at lower 
c, robust and 

shorter than 
identia short 

cerci rather 
tercostal vein 

Color blade, 
oguhe, all ol 
and extreme 



31, Pontania monile new species. (l^Yontispiece, ftg. 0.) 

Gall. — Gall occurring on the leaves of willow. Collected at the mouth 
of the American Fork Canon, Utah, by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, June 29, 
1891. 

Smooth, globular, fleshy galls, to 8 mm. in diameter, occurring from 
2 to together in a row on the underside of the midrib of willow leaf. 
The area of attachment is about one-half the greatest diameter of the 
gall, and on the ui)per side of the leaf ai)p?ars as a slight convexity. 
Wlien closely i)laced, the galls lose somewhat of the spherical shape, 
but rarely grow together. The larva begins eating out the interior of 
the gall near the base, and is rather robust, 10 mm. in length, with 
light, resinous head and dark eyo-spots; light, yellowish-white body. 

An exactly similar gall, except occurring 1 or 2 together, is repre- 
sented in the collection, bearing the label January 10, 1884, Avithout 
locality. It was collected in a lacer stage of development, and the inte- 
rjbr is completely excavated, in most <;ases the larva had abandoned 
ttte gall, issuing near the base. The specimens probably came from 
the Northwest. 
lA gall similar to the last was also received from Mr. Lawrence 
unei', llobinson's lianch, Wyoming, collected September 1"), 1881, 
th the statement that it occurred on the leaves of Populns foignsti- 
ia. Kixamination of the leaves seems to indicate that they are wil- 
rather than i)()plar, and the gall may be doubtfully referred to the 
)e described above. 



Insect Life, lil, p. 463. 



f. 



44 



ir I 



i: ^ l;. 



VITI. Genus PTERONUS Jurine. 

Jiirino, Nonvellc Mi-thoile do Classer los HviiH'iioiitiios at DiptJ-res, T. i. ji. i 
Koiiow, Deutsche entoiii(>liii,Ms<-li Zeitschrift, .\xxi\ , 1890, licit ii, p. 2;$7. 

Body large, liard ; clypens incised at tip; claws bilid; aiiteniui' long, freqiiPiit 
pale Itcneath ; stigma usually unicolorous; mesonotuui and luesopleurir usually n 
or sparsely punctured; Load subrotund; labium not or slightly prominent; ('ii;h 
dorsal abdominal segment of nialo subtriangular, ]iroduccd at a])ex; procidoiii 
truncate at apex; liyi)opygium narrow at ap<'x and subtruncately rounded; nIum 
of female small, narrow; apex never acuminate. 

The jiciius as characteri/ed above by Konowis perhaps the hirgest 
point of iiuinhei- of species of the several genera erected from the ol 
genus Xeuiatxs. It is ch)sely allied to the genus following it, but ditl'ei | 
notably in the characters of the head and wings and in the geiioi; 
appearance. The males of the smaller species are not so readily scp;. 
rated from the nmles of 7*o«/<(;</(^ The genus has its type specie s i 
Vteronus myosotidis Fab., the only species remaining of those originall 
assigned to it by Jurine. The life-history of a few of the Amerin 
species is familiar, as, for instance, that of Ptcnmus vcntralu Say (tl 
willow sawtly) and P. ribcsii Scop, (the gooseberry sawfly). In habit 
the other species are for the most part probably similar to these. Son 
confusion which has grown up with respect to some of the light-coloiv 
forms is referred to in the table for the separation of the S])ecies. 






iri \ 



I 



TABI.K Ol' Sl'KCIKS. 

FemalcH. 

A. Prevailing color black ; pectus always black. 

Stignui narrow, usually .straight <mi lower nuirgin or strongly acumiiiai' 
elongate, more than three times as long as wide. 
Ilea<l, thorax, and abdomen black above. 
Stigma and femora brown or black. 

Abdomen b(Micath black 1. vlcinaUs C 

Abdomen pale lienoatli. 

Orbits black 2. occiden talis n. s 

Orbits pale. .3. laina u. ^ 

Stigma and femora pale 4. pacificua n. s| 

Head and thorax black; abdounui more or loss pale. 

Abdomen with broad lateral palo stripe 5. Jimhatiis C ' 

Abdrmien with broad, transverse yellow band 6. lati/aaeiatin^ i 

stigma broad, rounded on lower uuirgin, not much more than twice us lon^' 
wide. 
Head ami thorax black; venter of abdomen jiale; dorsal arcsalwa>'8 nm; 
or less black, except stunetinu's terminal ones. 

Femora, black 7. veii/rflNs Saj 

Hind femora only black 8. marlaitii Dyw 

Femora pale; orbits black or strongly infiiscated. 

Coxa' black; abdomen black above, except narrow apex of sdii 

of dorsal arcs J), airivepa n. >] 

Coxa- piil(>; abdomen with narrow transverse brown stripe* i' 
dorsal arcs, sometimes limited to basal segments, mostly p:ile 
sheath pale 10. coloriidensia n, s]' 



45 



DiptiTL's, T. I, [,. ,. 
Helt n, p. 'j'M. 

iiiii' long, froquoiit 
3opleurir UHiiallyni 
y prominent; oi:.], 
it .'ij)ex; proci(1(Mii 
ely lonnded ; ulna 

aps tlie Ijirgesf 
ctedfrom tlic ol 
iiiffit,l)utdit}eij 
d ill the ffeiioi'ii 
b so readily .sc|i;.| 
8 type species 
' those origiiialll 
f)f the Americii, 
''Htralis Say (tlil 
^fly). In lialtitl 
to these. Somj 
the liglit-coloit 
lie species. 



rongly acnniiiiiit, 



-.- 1. vicinal in Cii 

occidentalia n. sn 

3. latna ii. s|i 

•t. j)aciflcii8 II. s] 

- - 5. limbafitH ( 
8. latifasciatnx ( 
Q twice us lon^i 

I arcs ahva^'s iim; 

. 7. venlralis Sn; 
S. marlattii Dviii 

row apex of son , 

0. atfiveps \\. x\ 
l)rown stripeM m 
iits, nioHtly p.ile 
aolorudenaia u. b\< 



t'oxii' pale; iilxlonicii with broud central black strijie and with 
apex IxMieath >trtMi,L;lv inliiscated; sheath Idack. 
Sccontl i('<-urii'iit interstitial w 1th first (Mibital. 

11. harrivt/toni n.fip. 
Second recnrrent received well within Me<-'ond cubital cell. 

12. fylesiu. sp. 
Femora ])alc; orbits pale or reddish. 

Sheath broa 1, rounded or truncate at apex; stigma browu. 

i:l. kincaitli n. sp. 

Sheath nariow, t.ipering; stignui yellow 14. fonatim n. sp. 

Sheath narrow, tapering; stigma bicolorous; niese2)imera with 

lieetoral black spot 15. bivolor n. sp. 

Iload and thorax black ; ahdomeu pale, except somotiiues basal dorsal arc 
and, rarely, terminal arcs. 

Iliud femora black, at least ai»ioally. 

Hind tibia' with brown gradually increasing in intonsity from 

base to tip; orbits and mouth jtarts pale 1(5. tricolor n. sit. 

Hiiul tibia; with ))asal one-third or one-half white; head black. 
Elongate; basal are black. 

Tornunal segments black ; legs pallid and black. 

17. riiforinctitH Harrington. 
Terminal segments yellow; legs reddish yellow and black. 

18. erylhroijiister'Sovton. 
Short ovate; basal arc indistinctly or not at all infnscated. 

Three terunnal ari.s i)ale 11). co/v/Zhs Cr. 

Three terminal arcs black 20. dyari n. sp. 

Hind fenioia pale. 

A'^eins and stigma dark brown. 

Angles of prouotnm and the coxa; black.. 21. fuIvicriiK Prov, 
Angles, etc., pale. 

Lateral lobes mosonotum mostly black; basal segment of 

abdomen infnscated 1'2. 7>oj>i( /( n. sp. 

Lateral lobes mesonotum reddish; basal segment pale. 

23. hiidaonii Dyar. 
Veins and stigma yellowish. 

Orbits and 8i)ot below bases of antenna- pale. 

21. «Kr«/Hs u.sp. 

Orbits and spot lielow bases of antenna- black. 

25. californicus n. sji. 
Head and thorax more or less pale above. 
Antenn.e yellow or ferruginous. 

Hind femora mostly black 2t). anteniiatuB n. hj}. 

Hind femora pale 27. »'i/»es(i Scop. 

Antenna-, black ; higs ])ale 28. vdirardnii Cr. 

Prevailing color of dorsum black; pectus and venter pale (except dusky spot on 
pectus of hjialiiiiia and minute one in case of rii/ita, and aomctimes venter of 
abdomen black in miHttiris). 
Head altogether black. 

Thorax with lateral lobes reddish; abtlomeii black dcu'sally. 21>. militurisCv. 
Thorax andabdoim-n reddish, except mesoscutellum, metauotnm and basal 

central area of abdomen 30. ihoracicits llarr. 

Head black ; mouth parts and orbits jtalo. 
Stigma and costa brown. 
Scutellnm hlack. 

Head nearly spherical, viewed latterly; clypens narrowly and 
deeply e.veavated, short, robust 31. odoruliis \>yi\v. 



O--^' 



<l 



i > i 



il 



ill 



y 



IM 



ill 






46 

Head normal, triangular; clypons rather broadly exci a, rlt 

gate 32. corneUi n. ,. 

Scutelliun pale. 

Postcvidr tibiii' and tarsi dark brown ',^\^. irilitieatus NO; i«S 

Legs altogetlicr resinous 34. magus n. - 

Stigma and costa pale. 

.Scutellum ontiri'ly or Cor most part black. 

Costa euliirged at apex ; small, robust species.. 35. (/uercws n. s 
Costa normal; elongate species. 

Lobes of mesonotum altogether black 36. hyalhnts n. s ^ 

Lobes Avitli light sutures 37. rertehraius s,i ; 

Scutellum pale 38. integer ^a J 

AAA. Dorsum pale (»r with few black sjtots.' ^ 

Stigma i)a]e. ..| 

Crest strongly bituborculate. '*. 

Claws normal 39. mendicua 'VValsl 'U 

Claws minutely cleft 40. vancourerensiti n. sj ,,3 

Crest unbroken, straight 41. Koebelei ii . s]. t'' Bla 

Crest uubroken, curved anteriorly ; stigma narrow, straight on lower nun *| 

gin 42. j'ingnidoibum Iij;i 'i 

Stigma browu; body without dark markings 43. tinicolvr w.' | 

Males. 
Procidentia very broad and large.'^ 

Elongate, sleiuler; orbits black 44. longicornis \i.>: 

Short, robust ; orbits reddish 27. rihesii Sco; 

Procidentia narrow ; sometimes subobsoleto. 

Black; pectus always black. ; 

Body altogether black, except sometimes mouth parts, prouotnm, and tcgiil 
Legs, partictilarly lemora and posterior tibi.e, strongly infuscated. 

Ridges about oeellar basin i)rominent 45. iridescen" C:alM||Snui 

Kidgcs about oiiellar basin obsolete 46. decoratus rri)v*^m®P' 

Legs pale, except tips posterior tibiae and their tarsi. autfltua 

Clypeus distinctly emarginate; i)rocidentia minute. !!S- 

Stigma short, robust ; apical half hiud tibia», infuscated. ~" , 

47. lombardwn.^ "ii 

Stigma ratiier elongate, acuminate; extreme tips of hind tilii: ^.i , 

sl^arply brown. J^^.^^ 

'Three si>oc^8 of the luteus grou]) described by Norton are distinguishable by <li j*^?^'^ ' 
color characteristics. The types are lost, with the possible exception of ti'h'itl(dii> J^^ . 
SligmalHx may prove to be a good species. Mendicus and tricittatua are clo^clj^?^ , 
allied, and i)robably identical, the oliler name, mendicus, holding. Monochroma "'i' «-*|*i.j., 
prove to be a light form of mendieiis. These species all fall in the table with vitiuh ffMta,t\ 
ens, with which they are closely allied. Stigmatns and monochroma may be good sjh fii|«icr 
cies. and the original des(Tiptions of them are apjjended (Nos. 47 and 48). The I'ui fy^i 
lowing synop.-sis indicates the color differences of this group: ha|Tin{ 

Dorsum pale, except tip of scutellum, metanotum, and stripe down tergum h*^oi 

$ 49. stigmatua Xoii hj^"" 
Dorsum with a black spot about ocelli and three on lobes of mesonotum ; body other iD;^»ge 

w is(! pale 9 39. trivittatus Kori i'^wBc 

Dorsum with two spots on mesonotum, tip of scutellum, and spots on metanotiiii ^ 

black 9 39. mendicus Walsh . ^. 

Insect altogether pale, including antenna; 9 50. monoohroma Nort i ^^ 

•In this character the two following species depart in this sex from the character Umbal 
ization of the genus. l<Mi0)a 



•J 




47 



dlyexc; u. rl( 

.. 3l'. corneUi w. > 

.'{;i. irilineaius Xo; 
. .- 34. magus ii. 8 



35. 



fjuerc'tn II, s 



36. hyalhiHs n. s^ 
37. rertebraitix s.i' 
... 38. integer Sa 



Jn. mendicus Walsl 
vancdurerensix w. sj 
. 41. koebelel ii. >|i 
night oil lower mar 
pingnidflisiim li\;i 
. 43. vnicolor n. • 



longicornia n. > 
27. ribeDii Scdi 



Venter black; second rernrrent interstitial. 

It. harringtoni n. sp. 
Venter pale; second recurrent not interstitial. 

12. fylesi n. sp. 
Clypous nearly truucato; procidentia long and projticting, keeled. 

20. (lyari n. sp. 

Logs pale, pygidinni pale 48. dubins n. sp. 

Body black, except venter of abdomen, femora, and sometimes terminal dorsal 
arcs. 
Abdomon entirely black dorsally. 

Orbits piilc; mesepiftiera black 13. kincaidi w. sfi. 

Orbits black; upper half of mosepimera pale. ... .30. //toracicw.'* llarr. 
Abdomen with more or less of dorsal segments laterally and apically jiale. 
rrocidciitia minute, usually slightly emarginate at tip; abdomen 
usually nearly interrupted Avith yellow centrally. 7. rentralh Say. 
I'rocideutiu medium, rounded at tip ; abdomen not as above. 

10. coloradenaia n. sp. 
Black above for most part; pectus and venter pale. 
Stigma and costa brown. 

Dorsum, including scutclluin, black. 

Head nearly spherical, viewed laterally ; clypeus narrowly and deeply 

excavated ; short, robust 31. odoratua Dyar. 

Head normal, triangular; clypeus rather broadly excavated; 

elongate .* 32. conieUi n. sp. 

Dorsum black, scutellum pale 41. vancouvvrenaia u. sp. 

Stigma and costa palo. 

Procidentia as long as wide 39. mendiciia Walsh. 

Procidentia twice as bmg as widi 37. vertcbratiia Hay. 



iiotnm, and tegii 
ly infuHcated. 

. 45. irideacenx c rantennatua n. sp. $ 

16. decoratiia Piwatticeps n. sp. 9 

auntus n. sp. 9 

lie, biimlor n. sp. 9 

nfuscated. caBfornicus n. sp. 9 

7. lombardfv n . ^; <»>U>radensis u. sp. <? 9 

comelli n.sp. <? 9 

ciMfylus Cresson 9 

decora tus Provancher ^ 

nguishablo bvtli*^®"''^ '"'**"« Cr.:=vertebratu8. 

tion of /n-n-t/r//..^'*^"'^ "• «P- ^ 

mtua are clo.o'. ^^^' »• «lW 9 



INDEX TO Sl'ECIKS OF rTKIlONIS. 



tips of hind tihi 



ed^ardsii Cresson 9 



26 
9 
24 
15 
25 
10 
32 
19 
46 

48 
20 
28 
18 
11 
20 
12 
11 
23 
36 



^ , , . . erythrogaster Norton 9 

table with vu ,.i fo^atus n, sp. 9 

nuiy be good sp foi^icrus Provancher 9 

|aud48). Thclu.fyi,Bin.8p.<^9 

harringtoni n. sp. <? 9 

tergum hndsonii Dyar 9 

). atigmatus X.ir; hyalinus n. sp. 9 

turn; body other int»g<^^r Say 9 38 

trivitfatua Nori iHdescens Cresson <? 45 

U on metanotiiiL kllicaidi n. sp. ^ 9 13 

koduelei n. sp. 9 41 

6 

3 

5 

47 



viendtcua Walsli, , ^., . ^ 

, -T lawiasciatus Cresson 9 

latas n. sp. 9 

m the character limfcatus Cresson 9 - - - • 
l<Wlbardie u. sp. ^ 



longicornis n. sp. <? 

magus n. sp. 9 

marlattii Dyar 9 

mendicus Walsh ^ 9 

nulitaris Cresson 9 

monochroma Norton 9 

occidentalis u. sp. 9 

odoratua Dyar <? 9 

pacificna ii. sp. 9 

piuguidorsnm Dyar 9 

populi n. sp. 9 

quercus u. sp. 9 

ribesii Scop(? 9 

robiniii! Forbes = trilincatus. 

rufocinctus Harrington 9 

salicia Ashm. 1= lulvicrus. 
siniilaris Norton --^ tiilineatus. 

stigmatus Norton 9 

thoracicus Harrington^ 9 

tric()h)r n. sp. 9 

trilincatus Norton 9 

trivittatus Norton = mendicus, 

uuicolor 11. sp. 9 

vancouverensis n. sp. <? 9 

veutralia Say <? 9 

vertebratus Say,^ 9 

vicinalis Cresson 9 



44 
34 

8 
39 
29 
50 

2 
31 

4 
42 
22 
35 
27 

17 



49 
30 
16 
33 

43 
40 

7 
37 

1 




I 1 
I 



m 



\( ' 



;i: i ■ 



\l 



I' 



m 



ll 



ii 



) 



48 



I 





1. Pteronus vicinalis Cresson.^ cUiws 

188u. Xematus vkinalia '^ressou. Traus. Am. Knt. Soc, viii, p. 1. btt^S 

Female. — Length 8.5 mm.; very large, robust, sliiniiig, obscured P^SfSt 1 
some rather dense punctuation on head and thorax ; clypeus rather dt( *1 
ly, circuhirlyeinarginate; ridges about ocelhir basin flattened, indistim 
frontal crest broad, slightly notched; antennal fovea shallow, iiuli 
tinct; antenna' not much longer than head and thorax, scarcely tapi 
iug, joints 3 to 5 subeciual; intercostal ve'-"" slightly, if at all, incliin 
stigma narrow, acuminate; sheath broad, tapering, obtusely point r 4jPte] 
cerci slender, not tai>ering; claws large, deeidy notched, rays e(|ii. 
Color blac'>" ; clyi)ens, apices of coxu', trochanters and tibiau^xceptai)i( ■ 
of posterior pair, and anterior tarsi whitish, iufuscated; posterior tai- 
with tips of i)osterior tibia', nearly black ; veins very dark brown, inclii 
ing stigma and costa, the latter to base; tegulte dark brown, strong; i 
infuscated; wings somewhat iufuscated. 

One female, Cresson's type. California. (Coll. Am. Eut. Soc.) 

clypei 
2. Pteronus occidentalis new species. dorsal 

FcinaU'. — Length 7.5 .am.; moderately robust, shining; clypc; e||,cep 
broadly and shallowly emarginate, approaching truncate; antein 
fovea broad, tircular; antenna' distinctly tapering, not nuich Ion. 
than head and thorax, third Joint distinctly longer than fourth; upi 
middle cell of hind wings as long as or more commonly longer tli: 
lower; intercostal vein \ery close to basal vein; third cubital cell hm. 
sides almost parallel ; siigiici long, narrow ; sluiath rather shai'i'i 
pointed; claws evenly and rather linely cleft. Color black; triangul 
space below antenna', tip of clypeus and the nH)uth parts, pronoun vk^^ g 
tegula', legs except middle portion of femora and tii)8 of liiiul til»i, '^ry 
and n»ore or less of all tarsi whitish; tarsi and tii)8 of land tihi «iron< 
strongly infuscated, brownislk; venter of abdomen, except tip, i)al d|ort 
veins, inchuiing stigma and costa, dark brown; wings nearly hyalii ^^nts 

Nine females, three bred from willow larvai <'ol!ect('tl in Placer (^ouiiii ^'gijgiit 
Cal., and the others collected about Los Augelcs. (Coll. U. IS. Nat. Mil? oQijit; 

me ' 



Fou 
Oorne 

Weth 



.'{. Pteronus latus new sj)ecies. 

Fnn«le. — Length 8 mm.; very robust aiul broad, viewed I'rom abov 
abdomen scarcely constricted at base, sides nearly parallel; i'lypi 
very broadly and shallowly emarginate; antennal fovea tiiangnl.i 
distinctly excavated; ocellar basin well delined; IVoiital crest sliglni 
notched at center; antenna' moderately robust, tapering, Joints ',\ and 
sube(iual; venation nornml; stigma rather iniriow, tapering gradnal! 
to ai)ex; sheath broadly roumled on lower margin, jtointed at ni 

'Tiiis, willi tlif t'dllowiiijj Civo HptMics, is nlliiMl to tho fftimis .InKiiDoiitmahis in t 
f'liiii'arlcr III' tlii^ HtiKnm, Itiit scciii ti» In- tlirowii oiif of (il(^ latter liciiiiH li,v lacKi; 
any iiuusiiai licvoloitiucut of labuuii unci otliur iiiuuth paits, us well as otUor tliai;i 
tors of tho fjoiiUH. 



©libit 
rath* 
robuj 
Ooloi 
shea I 
brow 
Itdd 
«ilir(] 
]OWi> 

iniiiii 



49 



p. 1. 



cnws eveuly but not very coarsely notclied. Color black ; area about 
baizes of aiiteiiiiJLN orbits, and mouth parts, i)roiiotuin, tegula', legs for the 



ig, obscured !'^ 
)eus rather d(c*1 
eiiedjiiidistiiK^ 

shallow, indi 
, scarcely tap. i 

at all, iiK'Iiiic. 
>tusely poini,. 
led, rays e(|ii; 
iau!xcei)tai)i(ii 

posterior t;ii-( 
k brown, iiicli!, 
brown, stroj]-,. 



jt part, and venter of abdomen pale; femora, tips of hind tibi.e and 
feir tarsi, brown; veins and stigma brown, wings hyaline, slightly 
!>wuish beneath stigma. 



?wo females. 



Massachusetts and reunsylvauia. (Coll. Am. Eut. 



FteronuB pacificns new species, 
(ewjrt?^.— Length G.o mm.; robust, shining; dypens broadly but dis- 
ctly emarginate; walls of ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal 
st unbroken; fovea deep, oval; antenuie short, slender, scarcely 
ering, joints 3 to ~i subecjual; venation normal, except that the third 
ital cell is only about half as wide at base as at apex; stigma 
row, regularly rounded on lower margin, acuminate; sheath broad, 
ering to obtuse tip; claws not very deeply notched. Color black; 
ofypeus, mouth i>arts, extreme angles of pronotum, tegulic, terminal 
d'^rsal segment, more or less of venter of abdomen, together with legs 
lining; clypor ^cept bases of coxjc. dull resinous; posterior orbits reddish; wings 
eate; antciii lijj^aline; stigma light yellow; veins otherwise light brown. 

'!Four females. Dlympia, Wash. Trevor Kincaid, collector. (Coll. 
Cornell Tniv.) 



"^nt. «oc.) 



1 fourth; upj 
ily longer tli; 
ibital cell li.n 
rather sharii 
ick; triangiil 
irts, ])ronoiiii 
of lund tilii, 
of Innd tilii 
ci'pt tip, pal. 



Sm Fteronxts limbatus Cresson. 

i> 1880. yematuis I i mbat ii i Crcason. Trans. Am. Kiit. .Soc, viii, p. 8. 
iFemale. — Length 7 mm.; rather short and robust, linely punctured, 
llllt shining; clypeus very slightly and broadly notched; frontal crest 
V^ry prominent, l)roa«lly curv<'d, unbroken; sides of ocellar basiu 
ft|rongly and sharply rai.se<l; antennal fovea small, indistinct; antennie 
i&ort, not much longer than head and thorax, tapering, tliird and fourth 

nearly hyalii, j|]^i,ts .subequal: interc(».stal vein a little anterior to basal, not, or l)nt 
laceilvouiiti .gjjfjiitlv. inclined, .secoinl recunent interstitial with second transverse 

J. o. JNat. J>Iiu\ (jni)ital (in one specimen latter vein is wanting), and outer veins of mid- 
dle cells of hind wings also interstitial; second and third transverse 
Ollbitals of nearlly eijual length; stigma ehnigate, narrow, terminating 
rather abruptly; sheath short, broa<l, obtusely pointed; «u!rci short, 
Ipbust, scarcely tapering; claws deeply notched, rays about ecpial. 
Oolor of head, thorax, Inoad strip(^ along dorsal ci'iiter of abdomen, 
•heath, cerci, and extnMue tips of posteiior tibiic and their tarsi 
Itfownish black; upper <ubits and sides of mesonotnm tinged with 
Wddish; clyp«Mis and moutii parts, most of pronotum, teguhe, lateral 
third of dorsum of abdonu'ii, all of venter of abdtnnen, and legs ytl- 
lowish ferruginous; tips of anterior tarsi slightly infuscated; veins, 
i||isluding co.sta nearly to base, and stignni brown. 



*<l from -ibov 
rallel; clypc 
ea tiiangiil.i 
crest slighi 
joints ',\ and 
I'ing gi'adn:il! 
oinftMl ill 111 



iroitiniiiliis in i 

;rlMIM li\ l;|rl,l 

aa other chni:! 



JTwo females, Cres.son's types. Illinois, (Coll. Am. ICnt. Hoc.) 
13149— No. .{ 1 



II 



i II 



ll ' i 



> i 



(I 



r ^ 



'ii 



I 



50 



6. Fteronus latifasciatus Crcssoii. 



1880. Nenatus latifasciatits Cressoii. 'rrans. Am. Eut. Soc, viii, p. 7. 
1886. Xematim latifascialits rroxiiimhesr. Add. Fiiuii. C:iii. Hyiii., i». 21. 
1895. XematiiH latifuaviatiix Dyar. Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc, xxn, p. 301. 



toiirtli 
iadiiic 

Female. — Length Smm.; .somewhat elongate, shilling; elypeu.s .slneelJ nc 
lowly and broadly emarginate, lobes short, broad ; frontal crest and .si(iw||est 
of pentagonal area strongly raised; antennal fovea large, oval, det'iib^t'a 
excavated; antenna' nnusnally slender aiuHong, almost e(nialingtlnii;lai^e, 
and abdomen in length, third and fourth Joints subequal; iutere(ts;d«fsui 
oblique and almost its own length anterior to basal vein; upper cell Mad t 
hind wings extending nearly oncfourth its length beyond lower; sti.m b*|MuK 
narrow, elongate; sheath moderately robust, obtusely pointed, wi of ant 
straight ui>per margin ; cerci very slender and nearly as long as .seto^ iW|nti 
transverse cubital vein; claws very deejdy notched, rays almost e(]ii e»let 
Color of head, thorax with basal plates, four terminal segments of alni a||W<m 
men dorsally and sheath, tips of hind femora, apical half of hind tiln 1^1*'? 
hind tarsi, and extreme bases of hind coxa' brownish black; tii>sof ant twme 
rior tarsi dusky; tips of clypeus, labrum, bases of nuindibles, palpi, x ***^ *' 
basal half of hind tibia' whitish; upper margin of pronotum, tegui f^'*^^' 
first four segments of abdomen dorsally except .apex of fourth, all ^**y ' 
venter, and legs yellowish ferruginous; wing veins, including co.^t veins, 
brown. l>K>wii 

basal 

One female, (Jresson's type. New Tlampshire. (Coll. Am. Ent. Sot jj/,,/ 

Mr. II. (J. Dyar has characterized the larva (1. c.) from speciuiui rf^hei 

tiirall; 
procii 
bioad 

or sli 



found on birch 

7. Pteronus ventralis Say. 



1824. Xemahis rcntraHii Say. Koatiiij;'8 Narr. Exp., ii, Ap)>., p. 315. 

1859. Xcmatiis riiitntUx I.eCoiitt'. Say, Eut,, u, p. 211. 

181)1. XcmaliiH n iiindm iNorfon. I'roc. Host. .So(!. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 159. 

1867. Xciiiiiliin viiiitraJin'Sovtou. 'riniis. Am. Ent.Soc, i, p. 201. (Cut., etc., p. ti; ftt ap 

1869. XvmatiiH nittniliH UrnMcr. Miit. Corr. Harr., p. 270. 

1870. Xcmnliit) vviitnilh KMlcy. Am. Ent. and Hot., ll, ]). 276. 
1873. Xcmatiis vt'iilrdlis Sylvt^stcr. K'cpl. U. S. l^o)»t. Aj;ri('., p. 251. 
1881. XemitliiK irntnilin 'riiomas. Kith 1,'op. Ent. 111., 18S0, p. i',H. 
18H5. Xvmiilit8 vviilniliH EorltcM. 1 Itli Kep. Knt. 111.. 1881, p, 117. 
1S88. Xnii<iiii8 vviitntliH lliiwai'd. Insect Life, i, [i. 33, liy. 5. 
1889. Xe\iiutiin reiilralh l-n;4;j;i'r. Hull. 9, Minn. Expor. Hta., p. 51. 
18S9. Xamtiliis iriitni!is{)vvn\{. Itnll. 13, Dakota E.\i)cr. Sta., p. 13. 

1889. XeiiKiliiH mttntliH ISiiincr. liall. M, Noltr. Expoi. Hta., p. 78. 

1890. XcmutiiH reiilraliH Packard. K'cp. \J. S. Knt. Comm., v, itp. .521,588. 

1891. Xi-midiis rcnlniJinihT\\t\. Hull. 22, S. Uak. Exjicr. Sta. (.Marcli). 
1895. Xvmiiliin n iili'dlix i>yar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,xxii, ]». 301. 

Female. — Length S mm.; only moderately robust; abdomoii broadi- 

beyond middle, shining; clyi)eus broadly and shallowly eiiiarginat- 

lobes rounded; frontal crest large, iiulistinctly broken; ocellar bas: 

well dellned; antennal fovea (h'ei», elongate, triangular; antcnuiv sk" 

der, distinctly tapering, snn>o(h, third joint usually slightly e^ceedin 



bdse; 

emar< 
ftonxi 

m- 

excel 
beuej 

bases 

tilbia' 



Kat. 
A 

tUBl 



i 



rj^ 



61 



(.-s 



.C-:r 



toarth ; upper middle cell of hind wings short, quadrate, termiuating 
III, i>. 7. it ©r usually within apex of lower cell; intercostal vein very slightly 

nil., p. 21. iadined, interstitial, or nearly so, with basal; second recurrent inter- 

'' ''■ ' ■ ititiiil, or nearly so, with second transvers*- cubital vein; third cubital 

g; clyi)ens sli;eell not strongly divaricating apically; stigma broad, rounded beneath, 
al crest and .sidwidest at center; sheath pointed, slightly excavated above and rounded 
ge, oval, dc<*]ib6pcath ; moderately lobust; cerci robust, obtusely pointed; claws 
equaling tlioilam^c, deeply clett, rays subequal. Color brownish black, including 
lual; intercosidersniii generally, coxa-, femora except tips, tips of hind tibia', all of 
in; upper cell htad tarsi, slu^atli, cerci, and more or less of apex of abdomen beneath; 
d lower; (sti::i btfjince yellowish white, viz, inner and outer (ubits, face below base 
y pointed, wi of antenna', pronotum except two or three dusky s]K)ts (sometimes 
s long as seto; wanting), tegula", hit- 
ys almost equ ^1 edges of thorax and 
gmentsof alxi aljdomen, and venter; 
ilf of hind til»i i«|lpi,moreor lessofex- 
ck; tipsof am tieme tii»s of fiu'e tibiae, 
ibles, i)alpi, ii; MUl commonly some of 
)notum, tegiii ff»re tarsi dusky; wings 
of fonrtli, Jill very faintly smoky ; 
ncluding cost veins, including stigma, 
brown, costa pale on 
basal half. 

Mult'. — Length 7 mm.; 
rather elongate; struc- 
turally as in female; 
procidentiji. as long as 
bffoad, narrow, taper- 
ing, .s(pmrely trnncate 
or slightly emarginate 
at apex, constricted ai- 
bftse; hy))opygium 
emarginate as viewed 
from end; antenmecom 

pressed latt'tiilly, stonter tlmn in fennile. Color as in female, except 
tkat the inner orbits are bhuik and the legs are dark reddish yeHow, 
except l>iist's of (!oxic and posterior tarsi; abdomen reddish yellow 
bftiieath iind dorsally over segments 2 and A and less on f(»lIowiiiig«mes; 
bases of all dorsal segments dark, terminal ones particularly so; hiiul 
ttt>ia> very slightly infuscatcd, particularly at tips. 

Many bred specimens of both sexes. Washington, I). C. (Coll. U. S. 

Hat. Mus.) 
A male aiul a female from Carbondale, 111. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.), 

4^'er from the above in that the fennile has the upper middle cell of 
hind wings exceeding th(^ lower, and in the male the same termi- 
tes at anex of lower. Three males from ^Michigan (Coll. U. S. Nat 



. Am. Ent. Soi 
from speciimi 



II, p. 15!». 
(Cut., etc., !•. ti; 



, 254. 

K 
7. 

r>i. 
». i;», 

78. 

II. r>LM, 5S». 
M ill-ell). 
)l. 

omen broaih 
ly emarginai' 
ocellar bas: 
antennae sh' 
itly exceed iii 




Fid. H.—l'trroinin vi lit rails; a, liirvio fcoiliii;;; fc, Inrvn, oiiliirgt^d; 
c 11(111, 1111(1 (i, iidiill — both ciilinxetl (I'l'tiiu liini'ct LilV). 



HPIBRI 



H 



N; 



I I 



^ 



I 



( i: 



52 

Mus.) vary from above in having an elongate upper middle cell in hi; 
wings, which, however, does not exceed lower, and in that the iiiti, 
costal is a little anterior to basal. 
Food-plants: Popiilus imd Salix. 



8. Pteronus marlattii Dyar. 

1891. XematHs marlailiillyin-. 



Trans. Am. VAit. Soc, xxii, p. 305. 



tie 



sal 




b^iall 



Female. — Length a.o mm. ; moderately robust, shining ; clypeus broad 
and shallowly notched; ocellar basin deep and with well-defined wall 
frontal crest unbroken; antennal fovea large, triangular, deeply e\( 
vated; antenna- slender, third and fourth Joints subequal; venatii 
normal ; stigma broad, ovate, widest at center, rounded on lower mar.nii'** 
sheath broad, obtusely pointed, upper margin slightly emarginar*'. 
claws deeply cleft, rays sube(pial. Color of head, thorax, epimera air^ 
dorsum of abdomen for the most part, and outer half of posterii^W^ 
femora black; apices of i)osterior tibiic and their tarsi dusky; I'ai 
below antenna', mouth parts, (U'bits, angles of pronotum narrow! 
teguhc, narrow apical nuirgin of dorsal segnumts and last two segment' 
venter except epiineia and some dusky spots on lateral margin > j^ali 
abdomen, and legs ex(!ept as noted pallid, inclined to yellowish; apiiolneg 
of sheath brownish; antenna' ferruginous beneath and toward apoiti^tly 
veins, including stigma and costa, the latter nearly to base, brown, tifi^ng 

Characterized in manuscript by me frcmi a specimeu collected in Ne*' .^ 
Hampshire (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc); lirst published by Dyar from "^'f'/ 
specimen bred from larva on alder (Dyar's Coll.). Jj . 

9. Pteronus atriceps new species. Iwft of 

Feuudi: — Length (5.5 mm.; moderately robust; clypeus very broadl^l'*, 
and shallowly emarginate, lol»«s minute; frontal crest strongly dcvt P^ 
oped, entire; lateral walls of oceUar basin not strongly raised; fov( W^ 
elongate, deep; antenna' medium, with Joints 3 and 4 subequal; tliir^^'^^ 
enbital cell not more tlnui one lliird as wide at base as at apex, aboii ^"^ **' 
four tinu^s as long as wide at base; venation otherwise normal; stij^iii m^j, 
broad, rounded on lower margin, ta])ering gradually from near base t jj^^^ ^ 
tip; sln'ath broad basally, tapering to an obtuse tij), upper marui 
straiglit; claws not very deeply notclied, inner ray nearly as long ;i 11» Pt 
outer. CoU)r black, shining; tijjs of clypeus, mouth parts, tegulu JVw 
legs except coxa', and venter of abdomen, including lateral edges v dMpl; 
dorsal sclerites, yellow; upper i»osterior orbits and outer angles of i»im foyea 
notum reddish; legs slightly infuscaled, particularly the tarsi; sheatl anten 



dark brown; veins brown, stigma unicolorous, brown. 
One female. Nevada, (('oil. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

10. Pteronus ooloradensis new species. 

Female. — Length (I mm.; rather (elongate, surface shining; elypcu- 
deeply, circularly emarginate, lobes rounded; frontal crest aiul sides n' 



right 

Btigni 

very 

proni 

toget 

aikl 1 



J;i 



W^^ 



- 68 

,. +i.„4- 4-1 • '^fllRagonal area distinctly raised, former 'inbrokeii: antennal fovea 

II that the iiitf, ^ . , ^ ,11 ^ , , , ^, ^, . , 

leep, tnaugular; anteima} slender, longer tiian head and thorax, third 

ind fourtli joints equal; intercostal vein its own length anterior to 

)a8al vein ; upper cell of hind wings exceeding lower ; stigma broad, 

•ounded on lower margin ; second transverse cubital one-third length 

.305. )f third, or third cubital cell strongly divaricating; sheath very nar- 

•clypeusbroad ®^ ^"^^ obtusely pointed at tip, smooth, without or with very minute 

jll-delined wall'^*^^' ^^^^^ short; claws deeply and almost evenly notched. Color of 

lar deeidv e\(''®''^^ except faint ferrugiu(ms touches about orbits, thorax, the first 

equal • venatii'^®'*^^ sclerite of abdomen, and bases of posterior coxre black ; following 

)n lower mar" '^®'^''' sclerites of abdomen with interrupted brown stripes on each; 

tlv emaiffin f*°^""'^ brownish, lighter beneath, especially toward tips; extreme tips 

ax eoimera • P<*^^^'<^'^ femora, apical two-thirds of their tibiiii and all their tarsi, tips 

alf of noster °'^^^^^^^ pairs of tarsi, and narrow margin of sheath fuscous; clypeus 



rsi duskv (' i*** **i<^'it^ parts light resinous; legs and abdomen, except as noted, 
otum narroMV^^* ^^^^^^iji^^'^i^ > wi"S veins light brown, stigma and costa paler 
st two segment *^^* 

teral margin ^ale. — Length G mm. ; slender, elongate ; clypeus broadly eniarginate, 
yellowish; apijoiigg short, pointed; walls about ocellar basin very minute, but dis- 
d toward apcitinctiy defined; crest unbroken, not strongly raised; fovea very shallow, 
base, brown, triangular; antenna) robust, strongly tapering, somewhat flattened, 
ollectedin NnJ**^^^^ 3 to 5 subequal, third a little longer than others; venation nor- 
Dvar fr ™'"^' procidentia narrow, projecting somewhat more than its width, 
TOlluded at tip; claws rather deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color black, 
shining; mouth parts and legs, venter of abdomen, including more or 
leiijll of apical edge of dorsal segments and nearly all of terminal seg- 
is very broiidl "*^*''^' y^^^^o^^'ish ferruginous; angles of pronotum widely, andteguhe 
strongly dovoP*"^^^^^' wings hyaline, veins brown, including stigma and costa; hind 
y raised* fovi ^^^^ '*'"*^ their tarsi brownish; posterior orbits very faintly reddish, 
ubequal* ti,j,, strongly infuscated; autenme reddish, especially beyond basal joints 
at ai)ex,' abmi »»* «" '^wer edge. 

lormal; sti^iii rphree females and two males. Colorado and Montana. (Coll. Am. 
But. Soc.) 



Ml near base t 

upper maiui 

irly as lon^ :i 

parts, tegiil;i 



11* Pteronus harringtoni new species. 
Pemale. — Length 7 mm.; robust, shining; clypeus broadly and not 



iteral edges n deeply notched; ocellar basin distinctly defined; crest strong, unbroken; 

angles of inn fovea deep, with lateral channels running from it over bases of antennae ; 

L'! tarsi; shciitl antenna! short, tapering, joints 3 and 4 nearly equal; intercostal at 

right angles, or nearly so, with costa; second recurrent interstitial, 

stigma rounded on lower margin, somewhat acuminate at apex; cerci 

very short; claws deeply cleft, rays equal. Color black; angles of 

, . . pronotum, tegulro, legs for the most part, and venter of abdomen, 

. ' .y ^'^JP^^'®'' ^^^'' marginal third of dorsum, reddish yellow; tip of clypeus 

mouth parts yellowish, infusct ted; extreme tips of posterior tibia) 



[lifl 



\ 



ml 

. 'i ■ 

III \ \ 



I 



ill I 






54 

and posterior tarsi brownish black; wings with dusky band extendiii iBtw&ft*' 
transversely below the stigma; stigma and veins dark brown. wtilai^ly 

Male. — Length mm.; rather slender; characters of head and antenm iM^ossibl 
as in female; procidentia short, narrow, slightly constricted basallj HJK'e bei^ 
truncate at apex ; venation as in female. Color black; border of pr( i^llo\vin 
notum and teguhv yellowish; legs as in female; basal half of ventc 
of abdomen beneatli reddish, strongly infuscated; dusky band o 
wings somewhat lighter than in female. 

One female and one male received from Mr. Harrington, who report 
that this species has been somewhat abundant on willows on tli. 
experimental farm at Ottawa, Canada. He was at first of the opinioi 
that it might prove to have been introduced from Europe, but it seeiii; 
to be distinct from any European species and also to be new to ou 
fauna. I take pleasure, therefore, in dedicating it to Mr. Harrington 
A male specimen has since been submitted to mo for identification b\ 
Rev. Thomas W. Fyles, of South Quebec, Canada. (Coll. U. S. Nut. Mus. 

12. Fteronus fylesi new species. 

1891. Xematuit pallidirciilriH rallen. Fylca, Can. Ent., XXIIT, p. 13.". 

Female. — Length 7 mm.; robust, shining; clypeus circularly emargi 
nate, lobes rounded; walls about ocellar basin well developed; frontal 
crest unbroken ; fovea oval ; antenuic slender, tapering, longer than head 
and thorax, third and fourth Joints nearly equal; venation normiil: 
stigma broad, regularly tapering towiird apex; slieath broad, taperinj,', 
slightly produced, and with a rather dense tuft of short hairs atextrenu 
tip; cerci short; claws deeply and evenly cleft. Color black; triangit 
beneath bases ofantennu', clypeus for the most ])art, labrumand other 
mouth parts, pronotum, tegnla', abdomen except broad dorsal stripe, 
and legs for tlie most part reddish yellow; sheatli, cerci, extreme tipsj 
of posterior tibiic, and the posterior tarsi dark brown; anterior tarsi 
slightly infuscated; extreme bases of coxa' brown. 

Male. — Length (I mm.; slender; structural characters in general as 
in female; antenna' somewhat stouter, slightly compresse<l; procidentiii^ 
short, narrow, truncate at apex. Color as in fenale, except that tin' 
dorsum of abdomen is entirely black and the venter is slightly infns. 
cated, especially toward apex. 

Two fenuiles and one nnile received from llev. Thomas W. Fyles, ol 
South (inebec, Canada. The species was described by Mr. Fyles in 
the Canadian Entomologist, as noted above, the identification havinu 
been made for him by the Abb('> l*rovan(;her. I have comi)ared tlic 
species with specimens of palU<lircntnn Fallen, and there is a merely 
superficial color resemblance; pallidiirnfris belongs to the genus Pris 
tiphora, and is a totally distinct insect. This species seems to be 
distinct from any European species, and while allied somewhat closely 



55 



fl extendi II 

V'll. 

nd autenii; 
ted basalli 
rder of pic 
t' of veiito 
y band o 



who report 
nvs on til 
the opinioi 
nit it seem 
new to on 
larringtoii 
ification b\ 
. 2Sdt. Mus. 



fly emar^ji 
)ed; frontal 
r than head 
on norm it I; 
I, taperiii},', 
atextreiiii 
Jv; triangh 
I and other 
•sal stripe, 
ctrenie tijis 
terior tarsi 

general iis 
•rocideutiii 
t that tin ] 
litly infiis 



it closely 



limhatus Cresson and harrhujtoni n. sp., yet differs sufficiently, par- 
ilarly in the male sex, to warrant the creation of a new species. It 
possible that this is an introduced spetnes, but if so it seems not to 
ve been described abroad. It was found abundantly on Kussiau 
How introduced into Canada by the late Charles Gibbs. 

Pteronus kincaidi new species. 

^Fvmnh. — Length 0.5 mm.; rather robust; abdomen broad, scarcely 

tii^)eriiig until near tip; dypeus distinctly emarginate, h)bes broad and 

Ifunded; walls about ocellar basin nearly obsolete; frontal crest 

rt^ongly developed, slightly broken by backward extension of elongate 

tennal fovea; antennae short, scarcely tapering. Joint 4 a bttle longer 

an 3; venation normal; stigma broad, rcmnded on lower margin; 

jaws deeply and evenly cleft; sheath very broad, robust, scarcely 

.pering, rounded at apex; cerci short, tapering. Color black; space 

tween antenna; and face beneath including narrow orbits, pronotum, 

guhe, venter of abdomen extending over onto the sides of dorsum, 

peciallyon the posterior margin of the segments, an<l the legs rather 

ark resin yellow; extreme bases of coxa' and the hind tarsi i)articu- 

rly, with extreme tips of hind tibia' infuscated; sheath dark brown; 

ings liyaline; veins, including costa and stignui, dark brown. 

Male, — Males agree with JiefemaU's in general diaracteristics; proci- 

entia short, narrow, and rounded apically, rather broad basally ; liind 

^bia; rather strongly infuscated, especially toward tip; dorsal arcs of 

tbdomen entirely black ; antenna' more elongate and somewhat more 

tobust. 

Nine fenuilea and live males collected in April and May by Trevor 
[incaid, Olympia, Wash. (Coll. Cornell l-niv.) 

U. Pteronus foveatus new species. 

J'Vwu///'.— Length 0.5 mm. ; moderately robust, shining ; cly pens broadly 

jmarginate, lobes sharp pointed; ridges about ocellar basin strongly 

md sharply defined; frontal crest unbroken; antennal fovea large, cir- 

jular, deeply and sharply exc^avated; antenna' a little longer than head 

md thorax, scai.iely tapering, joints slender, 3 and 4 sube([ual; sheath 

narrow, tapering, ui)per edge- straiglil, lip rounded, hairs minute; claws 

[not very deeply cleft, rays equal; venation about normal; third cubital 

[cell more than twice as wide at apex as at base; stigma narrow, elon- 

Igate, subacuminate. Color of antenna', large spot extending back from 

foccii)nt including ocelli with branches rnniiing down in front of eyes, 

base of the head, thorax, bases of first six dorsal segments of abdomen 

ex<'ept on outer edges, and the epimera except anterior upper angles 

of the mesepimera black ; antenme .slightly rufous toward tip; sheath 

brownish; body otherwise yeUowish ferruginous, including spot below 

antenna', mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguhe, lateral edges and 



1 



66 



Hi 



u 




^1 



posterior margin of dorsal segmcjits, two terminal segments, ventel 
and legs; veins dark brown, inclnding costa nearly to base; 8tigii| 
yellowish, unicolorous, border brownish. 

One female. Washington. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

15. Pteronus bicolor new species. 

Female. — Length 5..") to mm.; robust; dypens broadly em a rginntf 
lobes small, pointed; ocollar basin with lather faint lateral walls; fronln 
<'rest unbroken; antennal fovea broad, shallow; antenna' slender 
scarcely tajiering, joints 3 and 4 subeqnal; venation normal; stigiii; 
broad, rounded •on lower margin, rather abruptly narrowed toward tip _ 
sheath tapering to obtusely pointed tip, stiaight on upper side; chiW' 
eveidybut not deeidy divided. Color black above,pale beneath, the blacli 
limited to dorsal area of .uitenna' and all of the two basal joints, larue 
spot including oecllar basin, ocelli, the occiput, thorax and abdomen 
above, spot on upper half of niese]»imera and large 8]>ot on pectus, 
together with ti]) of sheath ; face white ; orbits and venter ])al!id, inchid 
ing also lateral edges of terminal abdcmiinal segments above and Jill oi 
last segment; wings hyaline; veins brown; stigma pale basally. 

Two females, Mounc Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. !Soc.), and Olympia, 
Wash. (Coll. Cornell Tniv.). 

10. Pteronus tricolor new si)ecies. 

FcmaU'. — Length 7 nun.; moderately robust, shining; clypeus broadly 
and shallowly emarginate, lobes triangular; frontal crest and sides of 
l)entago:ial area sharply defined, former unbroken; antennal fovea cir 
cular; intercostal vein more than its own length anterior to basal vein; 
third cubital cell not much nujrc than one-half as wide at base as a! 
apex; stigma moderately broad, rotinded on lower margin; upper mi<l 
die cell of hind wings exceeding lower; sheath smooth, polished, 
pointed, bordering hairs very minute. Color of head and thorax for 
most part, first dorsal segment of abdomen and lighter bands on two 
following segments (nearly wanting on third), apex of sheath, Jipieal 
three-fourths of hind femora, hind tibia' and tarsi (the former gradually 
paling toward bases), brownish black; the orbits and pcu-tions of the 
center of thorax, including scutellum, light yellowish brown; balance 
of abdomen ferruginous; clyi)eus and mouth parts, outer angles ot 
in'onotum, teguhe, anterior legs and i)osterior pair, except as note«l, 
yellowish white; anterior femora and tarsi very slightly tinged with 
reddish ; stigma and veins, including costa, excei)t extreme base of lat 
ter, brown. 

One female. New Hampshire. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

17. Pteronus rufooinctus Harrington. 

1893. NematuB rufocinctus Ilarringtoa. Can. Ent., xxv, p. 58. 
Female. — Length 8 mm. ; rather elongate, shining; clypeus very shal 
lowly emarginate, approaching truncate ; ocellar basin with very sharply 



.wy-if^-'*>t.^n--t- 



67 



pits, venio Ancd and strongly raised walls; frontal crest prominent, sharp, 

»se; stigiir ^broken; fovea distin(!tly defined, oval; second, third, and fourth 

its of antciin:e subeciual; venation normal, except that the third 

)ital cell is ciuadrate; sheath short, obtusely pointed, quite densely 

khed with hairs; cerci slender, sli*;htly tapering; claws deeply cleft, 

ys subequal. Color black; center of basal segment of abdomen 

fove and all of three following segments ai>d wk\-, or less of the base 

the succeeding segmetit reddish yellow; ti]) of dypeus and month 

Irts, anterior legs for the most part, coxa' except bases, trochanters, 

[,ses of femora, and basal half of tibia' of hind legs pallid; angles of 

[onotuni and the teguhc i)allid, infuscated; femora of fore and mid- 

|e legs lather strongly infuscated; stigma and veins dark brown; 

ings nearly hyaline; spot in second cubital cell prominent. 

tltcdescribed from Harrington's type apecimen. (Coll, IFarrington.) 
J. Pteronus erythrogaster Norton. 

18()1. Xcmatnn criithroiiastcr Norton. Proc. Ent. Soc. Pluliv., iii, ]>. S. 

I8()7. ycmahis cnjlhrogaster Norton. Trans. Am. Eut. Soo., i, p. 20."). (Cat., viv., 

p. (;?.) 

188(3. \cniatu8 crjilhrogaater Provauclier. Ad«l. fann. Can. llym., p. 23. 

Femah: — Length 7.5 mm.; moderately robust, shining; head and tho- 

i\ finely punctured; clypeus shallowly and broadly emarginate, lobes 

Hangular, rather pointed; frontal crest and sides of pentagonal area 

trongly raised, former unbroken; antennal fovea circular, deeply exca- 

|ate(l; antenna' moderate, somewhat longer than head and thorax; 

itercostal very near basal vein; second cubital cell more than two- 

Jiirds as wide at base as at apex; upper cell of hind wings exceeding 

)\ver ; stigma broad, ovate, not attenuated ; sheath rather r(>bust, rugose 

Ind with numerous hairs. Color of head and thorax for the most part, 

iasal plates, iirst segment of abdomen dorsjilly, sheath, cerci, extreme 

kases of hind coxa', tips of hind femora, apical two-thirds of hind tibia"!, 

^nd all of hind tarsi black; extrcTue tips of clypeus and the labrum, 

|)a1pi, outer angles pronotum, teguhc, abdomen, and legs, exce])t as 

ioted, rufous; basal third of hind tibia' whitish; veins and stigma in 

general brown ; costa and some of posterior veins light. 

Two females. Maryland (Coll. Ar.i. Ent. Soc), and Ithaca, N. Y., 
. r.anks, collector (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 

h). Pteronus corylus Cresson. 

1880. XemaiiiH coriiliis Cresaon. Traiia. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, p. 8. 
189."). XematiiH covyhi8 Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, .\xii, p. IJOG. 

jPewm^c— Length to 7 mm.; head and thorax ratlier coarsely punc- 
[tured, somewhat shining; clypeus very shallowly emarginate, lobes 
{very short and broadly rounded; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin 
distinctly elevated, former unbroken, or rarely indistinctly so; antennal 
oryshal l^'^vea broad and shallow, antenna; long, tai)ering, third joint longer 
sharply m ^^'"^ fourth ; venation normal, second tiansverse cubital nearly as long 



niarginnto 
lis: front; 
a' alendci 
nil; stigiii: 
oward fi|i 
Jde; daw 
|l»,thebliicl 
oints, laryf 
I abdomen 
on pectus, 
"i«l,inclu(l. 
inid all 01 
ally. 

il ^>Iyinpi;i, 



HIS broadly 
id sides ot 
1 fovea cii 
^asal vein; 
base as ai 
ipper mid 
polished, 
fchorax for 
ds on two 
th, apical 
gradually 
ns of the 
; balance 
angles ol 
as noted, 
ged witli 
seoflat 



I) 



ii 



58 



"ill 



t 



\ i 



\AM^ 



as third; stigma robust, rounded on lower margin; sheath not ver; 
robust, rounded at apex, and with rather long and dense hairs; cen 
long, slender, as long as or longer than third cubital cross vein; claw 
deeply cleft, rays nearly equal. Color of head, thorax, base of firs 
dorsal sclerite, sheath, extreme tips of posterior femora, apical halt- 
sharply defined — of posterior tibia', and their tarsi black; sometime 
the dorsal middle of segments 2 to 4 and rarely (» and the cerci brown 
ish black; bases of antenna', tips of clypeus, and the labrum, palpi- 
outer angles of pronotum, tegula', legs, and abdomen yellowish ferni 
ginous; posterior femora and abdomen darker; veins and stignii 
brown ; costa yellowish. 

Four females, Oresson's types, Pennsylvania (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), 
and seven females brod from larva' on aide.-, Cadet, Mo., October 5, 18S| 
(Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Adults emerged during latter i)art of Mardi 
and early in April. The last larval stages ind the cocoon are described 
by Mr. H. C. Dyar, who states that tlie larva' are gregarious edge 
feeders on alder. 

20. Fteronus dyari new sjiecies. 

Female. — Length (5 mm.; very robust; clypeus nearly truncate ; ocol 
lar basin well defined, with prominent anterior angle; antennal fovoii 
very shallow, indistinct; head and thorax coarsely punctured ; anten 
noB but little shorter than the body, tapering, third joint longest; vena 
tion normal; stigma stout, regnlarly rounded on lower margin; sheatli 
short, stout, scarcely projecting; claws deeply notched, rays subequal 
Color black, shining; mouth parts strongly infuscated; anghis of pro 
notum, teguhe, first to fifth segments of abdomen ventrally and dorsally. 
yellowish ferruginous; coxjc except bases, trochanters, basal half oi 
l)Osterior tibia', whitish; anterior tibia* and tarsi and anterior and pos 
terior faces of anterior femora, together with bases of middle pair, \)i\\- 
lid; wings nearly hyaline, or very slightly infuscated; veiu^:, including 
stigma and costa to base, very darlc brown. 

Male. — Length 5.5 mm.; structurally as in female; procidentia lonj:. 
projecting; antenna^ more robust, tapering. Color as in female, except 
that the abdomen is wholly black and the legs are yellowish, except 
extreme tips of posterior femora and apical half of posterior tibia^ ami 
their tarsi. 



One female and one male, 
Dyar.) 



II. Ct. Dyar, collector. New York. (Coll. 




21. Fteronus fulvicrus Provanchor. 

1882. Xematua J'lilvicrua Provauchcr. Nat. Can., \lii, p. 291. 

1883. Nematus J ulvicrtis Provaiiclier. Faun. Knt. Can. Hyni., p. 740. 
1890. Xematus sulicis Aslimead. Bull. Colo. Biol. Assn., i, i». 1.5. 
1894. Ncmalua mlidcola Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym., i, p. 257. 

Female. — Length 8.5 mm.; robust; clypeus broadly but not very 

deeply notched; walls about ocellar basin distinctly defined; cresi 






59 



not ver- 
Jairs,' cen 
lein; claM 
Ise of firs 
fcal half- 
sometime 
kci brown 
jum, paljii. 
kish feirii 
[nil stigiiu 

*Jnt. Sor.l 
ber 5, ISsi 
fc of Mai(!li 
! described 
ious edge 



cate; occl 
unal fovo;i 
ed; an ten 
I'est; vena 
in; sheatli 
i subequiil, 
l<is of i)ro 
d dorsal ly. 
sal half ot 
>r and pos 
' pair, Pill- 
inchiding 

sntia ](m<:. 
lie, except 
sh, excejit 
tibije and 



k. (Coll. 



not very 
dj crest 



)Tninent, unbroken; fovea shallow; antennsr tapering, somewhat 
iger than head and thorax, joints 3 and 4 sube<pial ; second recurrent 
Un interstitial with second transverse cubital ; venation otherwise nor- 
il stigma moderately broad ; claws deeply cleft, rays equal; sheath 
[bust, obtusely pointed, straight on upper margin. Color black; lab- 
Im pallid; tips of .anterior iemora, all hind femora, and abdomen 
tcept apical segment orange yellow, inclined to reddish on legs; legs 
hierwise black or strongly infuscated; veins dark brown, including 
^ta and stigma; wings slightly smoky, especially centrally. 

Three females collected in Colorado: One (Ashmead's type) in Mr. 
[.shmead's collection; the others in collection of Cornell University. 

have since obtained the original type of Provancher, through the 
liiidness of Abb«i Y. A. Uuard, and confirmed the synonymy as above, 
hie type specimen now lacks the abdomen, and was labeled by Pro- 
fancher rujicrns (485), although published as J'ulvicrus. It was cap- 

ired at St. Ilyacinthe (Can.), and is in the Provancher collection. 

|2. Pteronus populi new species. 
Female. — Length 7 mm.; clypeus broadly but not deeply notched, 
)bes broad, rounded; frontal crest very prominent, unbroken; sides of 
kntagonal area distinctly raised; antennal fovea broad, shallow, not 
listinctly defined ; antenuic slender, slightly tapering, longer than head 
^nd thorax, third and fourth joints equal; intercostal vein a little in 
dvance of basal, not inclined; first transverse cubital hyaline; upper 
iddle cv]\ of hind wings extending one-fifth its length beyoiul lower; 
^econd transverse cubital more than half as long as third; stigma not 
)road, rounded regularly on lower n)argin ; sheath rather broad, exca- 
vated slightly above, i)ointed, and with rather dense whitish hairs at 
tip; cerci short; claws deeply cleft, rays nearly (Miual. Color of head 
ind thorax for the most part, basal jdates, base of first dorsal segment, 
terminal segment including sheath and cerci, extreme bases of coxje, 
himl tibiic, hind tarsi, and veins including costa brownish black; tip 
)f cly])eus, labrum, i)osterior orbits, outer angles of pronotum, teguhe, 
q)ot on side of mesothorax, abdomen, and legs except as noted yellow- 
[ish ferruginous; orbits, mesothorax, abdomen, and femora inclined to 
[reddish ; tiba; and tarsi of anterior legs very slightly infuscated. 

One female horn Massachusetts reared in JMay, 1S88, by Mr. J. G. 
i.huik, from larva* found on Fopulus tremuloidcs. (Coll. U. S. Nat. 

iMus.) 

1 23. Pteronus hudsonii Dyar. 

1894. Xematus hudsoiin magnua Dyar, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxii, p. 306. 

Female. — Length 10 nun. ; rather robust, shining; clypeus very shal- 
lowly notched, almost truncate; fovea distinctly excavate, triangular; 
frontal crest very prominent, unbroken ; ocellar basin distinctly defined; 



I 



) I 



' i 



fi 



i 



^ 



l\ 



60 

antennal joints 3 and 4 sube<iual, or fourth a littlo longer than third! 
venation normal; stigma very broad, rounded on lower margin ; sheatkj 
narrow, tapering j claws rather coarsely and evenly notched. Color ol 
head, antenna*, anterior lobe of mesonotum, scutellum, metanotuinj 
terminal segment of abdomen, sheath, and thorax ventrally blackl 
shining; hind tibia', except basal third and their tarsi, dark browirj 
angles of pronotum, tognlu', lateral lobes of mesonotum, abdomen, an 
legs except as otherwise noted yellowish ferruginous; clypeus audi 
mouth parts except mandibles, pale; veins dark brown; wings hyaline.j 
fore wings slightly infuscated below stigma. 

One female, Dyar's type. (Coll. Dyar.) 

This species was reared by Mr. Dyar from a larva collected on poplar, 

24. Pteronus auratus new species. 

Femah'.—LeurivU (\.~) mm.; not very robust, shining; clypeus broadly 1 
shallowly notched, lobes broad, rounded; frontal 'crest prominent,! 
extending nearly to orbits, angulated; sides of ocellar basin very] 
minutely raised; antennal fovea triangular, distinctly defined; antennal 
long, slender, third and fourth Joints subequal; venation normal, third] 
cubital iell less than one-half as wide at base as at apex; stigma mod 
erately broad, regularly rounded on lower margin; sheath narrow,! 
obtusely pointed, bordering hairs very short, minute; cerci scarcely | 
tapering; claws rather minutely cleft, rays subequal. Color as in call 
fornimis, except that the coxa> are entirely light and the bases of anten 
na', si)ot beneath, angles of pronotum, and tegulas are whitish. 

One female. Washington. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

This species is closely allied to californicus, but differs from it in what 
appear to be good structiiral characters. 

25. Pteronus californicus new species. 

Female. — Length G.5 mm.; robust, gMstening; clypeus very broadly 
and shallowly notched, lobes rather i)ointed; frontal crest strongly 
developed, rectilinear, extending nearly to orbits, unbroken; sides of 
ocellar basin minutely but distinctly raised; antennal fovea deep, 
broad-oval ; intercostal very oblique, anterior to basal ; second recurrent 
nearly interstitial; second transverse cubital more than one-half as 
long as third; upper middle cell of hind wings exceeding lower; stigma 
robust; sheath narrow, obtusely i>ointed; cerci slender, tapering; rays 
of claws unequal. Color of head, thorax, basal plates, base of first 
dorsal sclerite, and bases of coxa' black; tip of sheath, posterior tarsi, 
and wing veins, including costa nearly to base, brown; stigma lighter; 
clypeus, bases of mandibles and labrum, yellowish white; outer angles 
of pronotum, tcffulai, palpi, legs and abdomen, including cerci, yel- 
lowish ferruginous; upper orbits with slightly reddish tinge. 

One female. California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 



I ' 



61 



thirdl 
sheatlj 
polor 01 
iiiotniii, 
blacki 
brown: j 
|ien, aiidl 
ins aiii] 
liyaliiK', 



poplar, 

broadly.! 
miineiitJ 
sin very[ 
Einteiina' 
al, third I 
ma mod 
u arrow, | 
scarcely 
s in call- 
of an ten 



; in what 



broadly 
strongly 
sides oC 
i deej), 
jcurrent 
-half as 

stigma 
g; rays 
of first 
)r tarsi, 
lighter; 
' angles 
ci, yel- 



20. Fteronus antennatus new species. 

Female. — Length mm.; rather robust, shining; clypeus circnlarly 

jbiit shallowly notched, lobes minute; ocellar biisin distinctly detined, 

iHidt's sharply raised ; frontal crest broad, rounded, unbroken; antenna! 

Ifovea deep, circular; antenna' very long, slen<ler, almost as long as 

Ibody, joints 3 andlsubefjual; third cubital cell nearly twice as wide at 

|si|iex as at base; stignui very broad, regularly rounded beneath ; sheath 

Istrongly tapering toward rounded apex, nearly straight on upper mar- 

L'iii, with very short, inconspicuous pubescence; cerci short, s[»indle 

sliaped; claws not deeply notched, rays subeqnal. Cohu- of base of 

iintenna', more or less about ocelli, occiput, pronotum except outer 

anjiles, spot on anterior and lateral lobes of mesonotum, spot about 

(ciichri, basal plates and base of first segment of abdomen, thorax 

beneath except centers of niesepimera, hind femora except bases, tips 

()t iiind tibne and their tarsi, brownish-black (one specimen has the 

thorax dorsally and the epimera altogether bhu^k); otherwise reddish 

ferruginous; coxa', trochanters, bases of femora and anterior legs for 

[the most part, and the mouth parts lighter yellowish; veins, including 

costa nearly to base, brown; stignui brown, paler basally; extreme 

[apex of sheath brown. 

Two females. New Hampshire. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 
This species comes very near tricolor. 

7. Fteronns ribesii Scopoli. 

17f)3. Tenthredo ribesii Scopoli. Ent. Cam., p. 280.' 
1H66. Nematua ribia Walsh. Pnict. Kiit., i, p. IX. 



1866. 2\^ematua fent, icoaua Walsh. 

1867. Xematua ventricoaua Norton. 

p. 70.) 
1867. Nematua trimaculatua I'itch. 
1867. Nematua trimaculatua Fitch. 
1867. yematus rcntvicoaua Walsh. 



Pract. Ent.. i, pp. 117-125. 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i. p. 208. (Cat., etc., 

Trans. X. Y. Agr. Soc, xxvii, pp. 909-932. 
12th Kept. Ins. N. Y., pp. !M)9-932. 
Pract. Ent., ii, pi». <)7, 116. 



1869. Nematua reutricosua Walsh and Kiley. Am. Ent., ii, pp. 12-22. 

1869. Nematua ventricoaua Saunders. Can. Ent., ii, i)p. 13-17. 

1869. Nemattia ventricoaua WiilsU. Can. Ent., ii, pp. 9-12; ;!l-33. 

1869. Nematua ventrivosua Saunders. Can. Ent., ii, )>p. 17, 93, 112. 
1X69. Nematua ventricoaua Bowles. Can. Ent., ii, p. 115 

1870. Nematua ventricoaua Siiundcrs. Can. Ent., ii, pp. 1 16-1 19. 
1870. Nematua ventricoaua Packard. Packard's Guide, p. 219. 

1870. Nematua ventricoaua Glover. Ann. Kept. I'. S. Dcpt. Ajj;r., p. 77. 

1871. Nematua ventricoaua Howies. Can. Ent., iii, p. 7. 

1871. Nematua ventricoaua Saunders, Can, Ent., ni, pp. 25-27. 

1871. Nematua ventricoaua .Jones, Can. Emt., m. p. 37. 

1872. Nematua ventricoaua Packard. 3d Mem. Peabody Acad., pj). 1-17. 
1874. Nematua ventricoaua Riley. 6th Kept. Ins. Mo., pp. 43, 149. 



' The above bibliography omits all European literature except the first description 
and the last generic reference, and also many of the shorter or less important Ameri- 
can writings. 



I' 



'il 



'\i 



\i\ 






4r. 



1 1 



ii 



l:i 



h: 



i 



e$ 






I : 



1874. Xematua venirico8U8 Provancher. Nat. Can., vi, pp. 186-192. 

1874. .Yfmrt/«8 ventricosua Cook. 4th Ann. Kept. 8t. Tom. Soc. Mich., pp. 379-3t<(l 

1874. Xemafiis ventticoms Siiundors. Can. Ent., vi, pp. 101-101. 

1877. Xematus rentric.ux Riloy. flth Ropt. Ins. Mo., pp. 7, 10, 21-22. 

1877. Xematus ventrkosua rackanl. Ittli Kept. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., 187," 

p. 787. 

1878. Xematus ventricosus rrovuncher. Nat. Can., X, jt. M. 

1879. Xematus rentrkosits Riloy. N. Y. 'rribuno, Juno 11. 1879. 

1880. Xematus nntricosus Fuller. Am. Ent., iii, ]). 92. 
1880. Xematua rihesii Flotcher. Entom. M:i«,'., xvi. i>. 278. 

1880. Xematua rentiicosua Thonuis. .^)th Ropt. (10) Ins. 111., p. (W. 

1881. Xematua rentrkosus ('oi|uill«'tt. lllli Kept. Ins. 111., pp. 5, 4G-48. 

1882. Xematus ventrivosus Sauntlers. Can. Knt.. xiv, p. 147. 

1883. Xematua rentricoaus Lintnor. Proc. Am. Assn., xxxi, pp. 471-472. 
1883. Xematus reutricosus Li'itnor. I'syeho, iv, i>i». 48-.")!. 

1883. .Yemrt/«» reutriiosus I.lntuer. Can. Knt.. x v, p. 200. 

1883. Xetnatua rentricoaus Provancluir. Potito Eauno Ent. Can., ii, p. 188. 

1883. Xematus renlrieosua Eylos. ('an. Ent., xv, p. 205. 

1883. Xematus reutiivosua Riloy. Slotldart's Encyclo. Amor., i, iip. 135-142. 

1883. Xematua ventricosus Saun«lers. Ins. Inj. to Emits, pp. 339-342, 3G0. 

1885. Xematus rcnlrieoxua Lintnor. 2(1 R«'pt. Ins. N. Y., pii. 217-221. 
1880. Xematus rcntricosus Lintnor. N. E. Iloniestead, x x, p. 189. 

1886. Xematua rentricoaus Eorbos. Entom. Amcr., ii, p. 173. 

1887. Xematus renlricosus Lintnor. Poi>ular (Jardoning, il, p. 120. 

1887. Xematus reutricosus lAninvr. Albany KxitrosM. xi.i, p. 2. 
188S. Xeviatus ribesii Eornahl. Mass. Hatch Exp. Stii. Pnll., 2, p. 7. 

1888. Xematus rentricosus Lintuer. 5th K'opt. Ins. N. Y., pjt. 156-157. 

1888. Xematus reutricosus lla: ,oy. Ann. Koi>t. Maino Kxi». Sta.. pp. 182-184. 
188S. Xematus reutricosus Wood. 7th Ann. Ropt. Oliio Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 152. 

1889. Xematua ribesii Elotdicr. Can. Ent., xxi, )). 150. 

1889. Xematus rentricosus Woed. Hull. Ohio Exp. Sta., Ii, No. 1, p. t». 
1889. Xematus reu'rivosus Hall. Ins. Lil'o, i, p. 310. 
1889. Xematus rentricosus IJeckwith. lUill. iv, Del. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 15. 
1889. Sematus rentricosus Iv'iloy and Howard. Ins. LiCo, i, ]». 229. 
1889. Xematus renlricosus llulst. Hull, xi.vi, N. .L Exp. Sta., i . 8. 

I'teronus rilteaii Konow. Doutsoh. Ent. Zeit., xxxiv, p. 216. 

Xematus rentricosus Hopkins. Ann. K'ojit. W. Va. Kxp. Stu., p. 1.53. 

Xematus rihesii Cook. K'ept. Mich. Exp. Sta. 1890-91. 

Xematus ril)esii Elotohor. Hull. 11, Can. Cont. Farm (May). 

Xematua rcntricosus Carman. I'liil, 40, Ky. Agr. KiX)». Sta. (March). 



1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1891. 
1892. 



Fi'inale, — Length 7 to 7.i> iiiiii.; very robust, short bodit'd si>ecles; 
hejul rugose, ptmcturod, thortix U^ss so; <!lypeus very broiuUy and shal 
lowly euiarginate, Hontetiines almost trnneato, lobes short and not very 
broad; frontal eresfc and sides of oeellar basin not well defined, fornuM 
entire or indistinetly broken ; antennal fovea rather deep at ai)ex, oval : 
antenna^ slender, slightly tapering, third joint longest; intereostal vein 
considerably anterior to basal, usually at right an^^^les to costa; second 
recurrent frecpienlly interstitial; thinl cubital cell usually not longer 
than outer transverse vein ; upper middle cc^ll of hind wings freiiuently 
not reaching apex of lower or outer veins interstitial, rarely upper vaW 
exceeding lower cell; stignni moderately robttst, rounded on lower mar 
gin; sheath rather narrow, rounded at extremity, hairs short; corci 
very slender and long, not tapering; claws with rays nearly eijual. 



63 



Color of head above clypeus (except triangle below antenniv, orbits, 
more or less ol" anteniiic above, center of lobes of iiiesonotuni ;:;'sre or 
loss of scutolluiii, lower lialf of nu'sepinicra, mcteijisterna. extreme 
tips of iM)sterior tibia-, posterior tarsi, and tip of slieatli brownish black; 
l.alance of bo<ly and legs luteous; mouth parts, coxjr, and trochanters 
]Killid. 

Jfrt//'.— Leiigtli Gnim.: body short, robust, in general as in female; 
.•1\ pens scarcely emarginat«', slightly product'd at center, giving trilo- 
ht'd appearance: antenna' more robust than in female, joints .'Uo 5 sub- 
('<liial: procidentia very broad, as broad as long, constricted at base; 
hypopygium veiy much narrowed toward apex, which is obtusely 
rounded. Color of head above clypeus, thorax, including all of epi- 
iiiera, basal plates, more or less of central dorsal area of abdomen, and 
extreme bases of iK)sterior coxa- brownish black ; antenna', tips of poste- 
rior tibia- and their tarsi, veins, ami stigma brownish; antenna- lighter 
beneath: mouth parts, pronotum teguhe, base of costa, legs, abdomen 
liciieath, and more or less of lateral dorsal region lutetuis; orbits, 
lati-ral lobes, niesonotum, and basal edges of scutellum more or less 
tinged with rufous. 

Twelve females ami five males, from Canada to Missouri. (Colls. U. S. 
Nat. Mus. and Am. Kiit. Soc.) 

L'S. Pteronns edwardsii Cresson. 

ISSO. \eii»atH» fdiraidnii Cri's.soii. Truiis. Am. Kiit. Sot-., vui, p. 7. 

Fcniali. — Length ~».."i mm. ; robust, shini ng ; clypeus very slightly emar- 
lii I sate, almost truncate, lobes very broad ; frontal crest and sides of ocel- 
lar basin indistinctly elevated, vertex nearly smooth; antennal fovea 
broad, triangular, shallow; antenna' tapering, almost as long as the 
entire IwKly, joint 4 «lightly longer than ."»; intercostal vein posterior 
to basal, very little inclined; upper middle cell of hind wings very little 
exceeding lower: stigma elongate, acuminate; sheath very bi'oad, short, 
(»btnsely pointed: «erci rather robust, tapering. Ct)lor of head and 
thorax except basal plat«'s, jiosterior taisi ami tips of posterior tibia', 
^heath, and ceni brownish bhn'k. tinged with rufous — the latter color 
occnrring on the pronotum, teguhe, lateral margin of lobes of meso- 
nntum, sides «if scutellum, and upper half of mesepniiera; spot below 
antenna-, clypeus, labriim, palpi, legs, and abdomen, in<-luding basal 
plates, yellowish ferruginous; antenna- unicolorous, bla<'k ; wing veins, 
nicluding stigma and costa, brownish. 

< hut female. ( 'resson's tyjie. Marin ( 'ounty,Cal. (Coll. Am. Kut. 8oc.) 

-'■*. Pteronns militaris ('resson. 

IWO. SrmalHH milHiniM Cn'SHoii. Tiiiiih. Am. Knt. Sor.. viil, p. 7. 
iswi. yrmaln» mililaiiii Provtuiclmr. Add. Fiiun. Cim. Hyin., p. L'U. 

fVmri/c— length 7 mm.; exp.al. II mm.; moderately robust, shining; 
clypeus deeidy notched, lobes narrow; frontal crest prominent, somo- 



I •'. 



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fl 



64 



I 



111 



ll 



."■ I 



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II 



times slightly broken; anteiinal fovea shallow, indistinct; mouth part.si 
with rather long yellowish hairs; antcnnu' very slender, slightly taper] 
ing, as long as abdomen, fourth joint a little longer than third; intei 
costal nerve frequently interstitial with basal, nearly at right anglt > 
with costa; upper cell of hind wings exceeding lower; third cubital cell 
scarcely at all divaricating apically; stigma not very robust, taperiiii: 
apically; sheath obtusely pointed, straight on upper edge, narrow: 
cerci as long as terminal joint of anteuuic, slender; head an<l thorax, 
particularly on lower side, with short, sericeous pile; claws rat'ur 
minutely cleft, inner ray shortest. Color of head excei)t i)ali)i and 
sometimes lobes of clypeus, anterior margin of pronotum, band alon:: 
center of mesonotuni, metanotum, metepisterna, basal plates, abdomen 
above, including sheath and cerci, and tii>s of posterior tibi.c and theii 
tarsi black; fore tarsi dusky; balance of thorax, venter of abdomen, 
and legs pale, ferruginous; the venter of abdonum more or less obscure 
with fuscous, sometimes very dark, approaching black ; veins and stigma, 
including costa to base, dark brown. 

Two females from New Hampshire (Coll. Am. l-lnt. Soc.) and one each 
from Illinois and Washington (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 

30. Fteronus thoracicus Harrington. 

1893. XvmatHs fhoruc'tcnn Harrington. Can. Ent.,xx«l', p. 58. 
189.5. Xcmaiita thoracicus I'tyixr. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxii, p. 307. 

Female. — Length mm.; robust; clypeus deeply notched, lobes nai 
row; walls of ocellar basin rounded, crest unbroken; antennal fovea 
shallow, circular; venation about normal; stigma broad, nmnded on 
lower margin; sheath rather short and robn.st, regularly rounded at 
tip; claws evenly but not deeply notched. Color reddish yeHow; an 
tenna', head except tip of clypeus and more or less of month parts, 
apical half (.sometimes all) of scntellum, metanotum, center of basal 
dorsal arcs of abdouuMi, and sheath black; ti|)s of hind tihiie and thi- 
hind tarsi usually infu.scated; veins, including stigma, brown; wiiig> 
hyaline. 

ilf<f/e.— Length 1.5 mm.; structurally in the mi.in as in female; proci 
dentia apparently nearly wanting. Color black; pronotum. tegnhe, 
legs, and upper half of mesepimera and venter of abdomen yellowish 
ferruginous; hind tarsi infuscated. 

RedescrilH'd from the tyi)e specimen of female loaned by Mr. liar 
rington and two bred si)ecimens (nnile and female) received from II. C. 
Dyar, who reports the larva' (which lie al.sode.scril)es) to feed singly on 
the lower surface of the leaves of Aniilaiivhier vanodviisis. 

I have also examined live specimen.s, two from Washington and three 
from Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Knt. {Soe.). In some spe-iinens the 
tergum is strongly infuscated and with more or less black on lobes of 
lUtiuothorax. 



65 
:n. Pteronnsodoratus Dyar. 

WM. Nciiiahii a<tlU\it odoralim Dyar. Can. Knt., xxvi, p. 187. 

Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; short,robust,sliininj;;liea(liiosiily splierical 
viewed liitenilly; eJypeus rather narrowly and ileeply emaVginate; 
oci'llar basin distinetly defined, sides acute, finely raised; frontal crest 
liioiid, somewhat broken at middle; anteunal fitvea broad, cin-ular, shal- 
low; antennii' longer than head and thorax, not very robust, tapering, 
i(»iiits .'» and 1 sube(|ual; venation nornuU; stigma brojidest at base, 
tMpcring regularly and acuminately to apex; sheath narrow, rounded 
ill apex; cerci very short, robust; claws not deeply notched, rays sub- 
('i|ual. Color of iintenn:e, spot on vertex including ocelli extending 
hack over occiput, mesonotum, metanotum, abdomen dorsally except 
iianow lateral margin and apex, and apex of sheath bla<;k; scutellum 
hasally and sutures of niesothorax inclined to reddish; posterior tibia* 
and their tarsi slightly infuscated; antenna^ inclined to ferruginous 
toward tip, especially beneath; entire venter and otherwise except as 
noted pallid; veins and stigma except extreme base of costa dark 
brown. 

Male. — Length 5 mm.; moderately robust, shining; clypeus i)rojecting, 
notch acomidete semicir(!le, lobes hmg, rounded; ocellar basin distinctly 
dclined; frontal crest not, or very slightly, notched; antennal fovea 
large, circular, deeply ex<'avated; antenna- very robust, fiattened, taper- 
ing, joints ii and 4 sid)e<|ual; venation normal, except that the third 
tubital cell is nearly <iuadra.;gular; stignni elongate, legulailyroumled 
on lower margin; procidentia shoit, luirrow, rounded at ai)e.\; hyi>o- 
pygium Hexed so as to appear strongly n«»tched at apex; claws minutely 
notched, rays subequal. Color of antenna', head above, frontal crest 
extending over occiput, mesonotum, metanotum, and abdomen except 
narrow lateral nuirgin black; fa<'e, nmuth parts, orbits, lateral dorsal 
margin of abdomen above, and entire venter light yellowish; posterior 
tibia', particularly at apex, and their tarsi strongly infuscated ; Hagelliim 
nifiais boiuMith; veins, including stigma and costa, the latter to base, 
dark brown. 

This well-nnirk«Hl species seems to be the «Mie <'haraeterized by Dyar 
(1. c), who also describes the eggs and larval stages. The eggs and 
larva' werefounil at VVoo<ls Hole, Mass., on willow. 

Seven females, one collected in Angustin Maine((!oll. Am. lOnt.Hoe.), 
lliicefrom Michigan, and three from Ithaca, N. Y. (Coll. Cornell ITniv.). 
The male is chara«'teri/,ed from a specimen (Coll. Am. Lnt.Sot.) without 
locality label, evidently one of Walsh's Judging from the pinning, ami 
probably collected in Illinois. 

'-'. Pteronus oornelli new species. 

/.Vm,i/r.— Length 7 mm.; moderately robust, shining; elypeus broadly, 
eircularly cmarginate, h)be8 rounded, not broad; oj-ellar basin deeply 
131.U>— No. 3 5 



1 



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and distinctly excavated ; lateral walls rounded; frontal crest stronglvl 
developed, divided by narrow depressed line at middle; antennal fovea 
deep; antennu' slender, strongly tapering. Joints 4 and ;"> subequal; 
venation normal; sheath narrow, tapering to rounded tip; claws deeply 
and evenly notched. Color of antennu', large si»ot including ocelli and 
extending over vertex, dorsum of thorax, and abdomen black ; posterioi 
tibne darker at tips, with tarsi brown; sheath brown; veins brown. 
stigma scarcely paler; face, orbits, pronotum, tegulic, entire venter,! 
with lateral edges of dorsum of abdonien, pallid or resinous. 

Male. — Length 5 mm.; slender; antenna' not much stouter than in 
female; procidentia short, narrow, projecting about its own width, 
Color as in fen)ale, except that the antenuic are fulvous beneath ami! 
the pectus is strongly infuscated. 

Eleven females and live males (Coll. Cornell Univ.), labeled "Lot SjJ 
sub. 90")," dated May to July, 1800. 

33. Pteronus trilineatus Norton. 

1867. yemaiiis triUueaiun Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 215. (Cat., etc 

p. 77.) 

1872. Xemalifi triHiieatiis Norton. Tnius. Am. Ent. Soc, iv, p. 71). 

1877. Xcmatiia trilhimtun (ilover. Kept. V. S. Dopt. Agri«;., j*. J)2. 

1880. Xvmutnn aimilarin Norton. Kept. Ent. II. IS. Dopt. Aj;Tic. 187!l, p. 224 I'l 

111, lio 1. 

1881. Xcmalitu trilhiealiin Thomas. lOtii Wfpt. Ent. 111., 1880, ji. (18. 

1885. Xvmatiin robiiiiw Forbes. Utb Kept. State Ent. 111., 1881, p. IIG, PI. IJ, 

'■'«■ '", 

1881!. XcmdfiiH nimihiriH Ilarrinjjton. Can. Ent., xviii, p. ',][). 

1881). Xcmutm similurig I'rovanelicr. Add. Faun. Cau. Hyni., p. 21. 

18i»0. Xanitliin mmilurin I'ackard. Kept. U. S. Ent Comni., v, j*. mi), (ig. I'M. 

18'JO. Xematioi mhiiiin Packard. Kept. V. S. Ent. Conun., v, p. ;}70. 

1895. XvmahiH HmHurii, Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxii, p. 301 (larva). 

Fma/«'.— Length <i,.") to 7 nun.; moderately robust, shining; clypens 
broadly, circularly, but deeply emarginatc, lobes large, triangular: 
frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin distinctly dellned, former uii 
broken, curving anteriorly; antennal fovea triangular, shari>Iy dellned; 
aulenna' long, slender, tapering, third and fourth Joints ecpml or hit 
ter longest; venation normal; intercostal vein slightly inclined; third 
cubital lU'arly three times as long as wide at base; st'ignui moderately 
robust, widest at center; sheath narrow, snu.oth, tapering on both 
edges to rounded tip; eerci sleiuler, not tapering; rays of claws nearly 
e(iual. Color reddish yellow; antenna', sptft on head surnmndin- 
ocelli and extending over occiput, aiiteric.r and lateral lobes of mesn 
notum, small spot beiu'ath anteri(.r wings, metanotum (except meta 

scutellum, sutures, and lateral margin), abdim.en (except lateral nnirgiii 
ot segments and last segment), apical half of sheath, and posterior 
tJbia. and tarsi bnnvnish black; antenna' fidv^.us beneath toward tip.^: 
tips ol ant.'rior tarsi dusky; veins, including costa t(» base and stigmn, 
brown, latti'r darker basally. 
Twelve females from Canada, Massa.'liusetts, New V,)rk, Kansa>, 



67 



South Carolina, and Montana (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mua.), 
iind eight bred speciiuens, iiicliuling Norton's typo speeiinen of shnilariti 
(Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Forbes's N.rohiniw, the type of which I have 
examined, is undoubtedly a light colored specimen of this species. It 
differs in lacking the black on the anterior lobe of the mesouotum and 
the small spot beneath the anterior wings. 

31. Pteronus magus new species. 

Female. — Length 8 mm.; very robust, stout, shining; clypeus very 
broadly and shallowly notched, lobes small, pointed; ocellar basin 
distinctly defined, sides faintly raised; crest stout; fovea elongate, 
nither deeply excavated; antennae longer than head and thorax, slen- 
der, tapering, joints .'$, 4, and 5 subequal, fourth slightly longest; 
venation normal; stigma regularly rounded on lower margin; sheath 
broad, obtusely pointed, densely hairy at apex and on lower nuirgin ; 
claws large, deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color of spot on head includ- 
ing ocelli extending rather narrowly over vertex, large spot on anterior 
lobes of mesouotum, spot on apex of scutellum, metanotum, and abdo- 
men dorsally for the most part black; head except as noted, pronotum, 
entire venter, the lateral edge of abdomen dorsally, more or less of pos- 
terior margin of some of the middle segments, yellowish ferruginous; 
antennte black basally; tlagellum reddish, more or less infuscated, 
especially at base above; sheath brown; veins brown, stigma and costa 
lighter, yellowish brown. 

One female. Canada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

35. Pteronus quercus new species. 

Female. — Length 4.5 mm.; \ery robust, shining; clypeus nearly trun- 
r.ite, vertex smooth; ocellar basin indistinctly deliued, sides rounded; 
frontal crest ))road, unbroken; fovea defined only on anterior nmrgin; 
antenna', not nuudi longer than head and thorax, slender, scarcely 
tai)ernig, third joint longest; intercostal interstitial, nearly at right 
angles to costa; venation otherwise normal; stigma very broad, ovate; 
apexof costa greatly thickened, half as broad asstignni; sheath robust, 
densely clothed with long, whitish hairs at apex and on lower nnirgin; 
cerci short; claws large, deeply cleft. C<d(U' of spot on vertc^x includ- 
ing ocelli extending back over occiput, mesouotum, metanotum, and 
abdomen except narrow lateral margin [)la('k dorsally; antenna' brown- 
ish, inclined to ferruginous beneath; body otherwise pallid; legs, ineso- 
epimera, border of spot on vertex, slightly incline<l to reddish; veins 
yellowish brown ; stigma aiul costa yellowish. 

One female, bred from larva found in .June on oak at Ithaca, N. Y., 
by Mr. Trelease. Adult emerged March 2'2. ((!olI. V. S. Nat. M-is.) 
This insect nniy fall in the genus Vontania. 

3(1. Pteronus hyalinus new species. 

/'VwjYr/'.— Length 7 mm. ; rather robust, shining; clypeus very broadly, 
l>ut not deeply emarginale; ocellar basin with distinctly dellned walls; 



t I 



«i 



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68 



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crest proiniiioiit, unbroken; fovea deeply excavated but not distinctly 
limited; antenna' very slender, tapering, Joint 4 a little longer than .'!; 
venation normal, except that the intercostal vein is nearly interstitial 
with basal; sheath narrow, tapering to rounded tip; claws coarsely but 
not very deeply not"hed, rays subt'cpial. Color of antenna-, large spot 
including ocelli extending over vertex, niesonotuni, nietanotuiu, and 
abdomen do'sally black; orbits, face beneath frontal crest, pronotuin. 
teguhc, lateral area of thorax, abdomen above, venter and legs alto 
gether yellowish or pallid; pectus brown; tips of posterior tibia*, tarsi 
and extreme edge of sheath brownish: stigma and costa hyaline; veins 
otherwise brown. 

One female, reared by ^Mr. II. G. Hyar from a solitary larva taken 
feeding on edge of leaf of white birch. The larva was described by 
Mr, Dyar under the name of Xcmatun lateralis Norton. (Trans. Aui. 
Ent. Soc. XXII, 1805, j). 307.) 

37. Pteronus vertebratus Say. 

lS:>(i. Xematiis nrtcbratus ^^ily. Host. Jonvii, Nat. Hist., i, p. 218. 

IS,")!!. SiiiKtius rfrtchratita Lfcouto. Say, Kiit., ii, ]>. (578. 

ISiil. .V(;)i(i/i(,s nftihratiiH Norton. I'loc. lio.st. Soe. Nat. Iliat., viii, p. 158. 

IStiT. .\Vm((/(i.'< nrtt hratits Norton. Trans. Am, Ent. Soc, I, p, 215. (Cat., etc., p. 77. i 

ISSO. Stmtiiiis .iDifiiritUtlKx Cnsfoii. Trans. Am. Ent. Sot-., viil, p. 10. 

\S'X>. X-niatiis (hirKivittidni- l»yar. Trans. Am. Ent. i^oc, xx.i, p. 303. 

Fiiiialc. — Length «l mm.; rather robust, shining; clypeus distinctly 
but not very broadly emarginate, lobes numded; sides of oeellar basni 
distinctly, rather shari)ly raise<l; frontal crest rounded, broken at mid 
die; antennal fovea circular, shallow; antenna' very long, slender, 
c«)nsiderably longer than head and thorax; joints 3 to 5 subequal; vena 
tion nornii'il; stigma moderate, circular on lower nuirgin; sheath r&thei 
pointed, lower margin regularly rounded, ui)per straight or slightly 
concave, bordering hairs very minute; cerci slender, scarcely tapering: 
claw^ not very <lee))ly i\otched, rays subetpial. Color light yellowish: 
antenna', spot »m vertex including ocelli extending back over occiput, 
lobes of mesonotum except lateral edges, metanotum, and terguin 
centrally except ai)e\ of last sclerite black or dark brown; antennn 
lighter ben«'ath ; uitper margins of hind tibia' and their tarsi more or less 
infu.scated; extreme tip ot" sheath browni.sh; veins brownish, including 
costa nearly to base: stigma unicolorons, jiale. 

.l//j/f.— Length I mm.; slender, shining; antenna' as long as the bod\ 
of the insect: structurally in general as the female: anteniml Joints 
tlecreasing uniformly in length from third to tip; fovea somewhat tri 
angular. extending laterally over base of antenna'; procidentia narrow, 
nearly twice as long as wide, slightly notched at tip. C(dor of anteinnc 
bat-ally abo\e, spot incbnling ocelli and extending over occiput, nie.so 
notum. nj'.tanottim. and dorsum of abdomen black; face below frontal 
crest, orbits, prmmtum, tcgulu- and entiie venter, yeUowish: antenna- 



fulvous b 
rior tibisB 

Two fen 
What i 
mens rece 
sirtttatns 
iioTi, and 
Accordini 
stages frc 
solitary e 

3S. Pteroi 

IS36. 
1859. 2\ 

isro. 2 

mu. ^ 
188:^. 

1800. 

Female 

emargina 

frontal ci 

lug basa 

not very 

narrow, s 

notched, 

including 

lobes of 

sally brc 

ally; tib 

brown; 

lirown; 

Twof 
;V.). Pter 

18(56. 
1807. 

18(57. 

1878. 
1883, 
181(5, 

Fem< 
broadlj 
tinctly 
broken 
shalluv 



69 

fulvous beneath and toward tip, somewhat infuscated above; poste- 
rior tibia? and tarsi iiifuscated ; wings hyaline; stigma and oosta pale. 

Two females. Nevada and California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 
VVHjat is possibly the male of this species is <lescribed from speci- 
mens received from Mr. 11. G. Dyar, labeled '• S. F. 3TI.*' Cresson's <lor- 
sirlttatus can not be distinguished from this si)ecies from tin; descrip- 
iioTi, and seems synonymous with it. Tlio type of r<riehra1u.s is lost. 
According to Mr. II. G. Dyar, who do-^cribes t^he egg and the larval 
stages from specimens collected at Plattsburj,-, X.. Y., this species is a 
solitary edge feeder on iioplar. 

'}S. Pteronus integer Say. 

1S36. XematH8 integer Say. ]?ost. Jonrn. Nat. Hist., i, p. 21)^. 

185?. Xemtiiiia integer Leconto. Say Kiit., ii, p. t>7i). 

1801. NenuituH integer Xortou. Proc Host. Sor. \at. Hist., viii, p. ir>S. 

1867. Nematnsinteger^oriow. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 216. (Cat., «it('., p. 78.) 

1888. Xemntns integer P.u-kiml. lvei)t. V. S. I'.nt., pp. 119-1.")0. 

1800. Xemntns integer Packard. l{cpt. I'. S. Knt. C'onini.. v, pp. 8;W-81(). 

Female. — Length G to O.o mm.; robust, shining: dypeiis circularly 
cniarginate, lobes small, rounded; ocellar basin distinctly limited; 
frontal crest large, slightly broken at middle: antennal fovea expand- 
ing basally; antenna' very long, slen«ler, distinctly tapering; stigma 
not very bro.ad; venation normal; <!erci robust, tapering; sheath rather 
narrow, slightly concave above, rounded at apex; claws not very deeply 
notched, inner ray distinctly shorter than outer. Color of spot on head, 
including ocelli and extending to bases of antenna', <'enter of anterior 
lobes of mesonotum, metanotum, and central portion of abdomen dor- 
sally brownish black; antenna' dark brown, reddish beneath and ai)ic- 
ally; tibia- and tarsi slightly infiiscated ; sheath ninrowly tip|>ed with 
Itrowii; body otherwise^ ])allid; veins, including costa, light yellowish 
Itrown; stigma yellowish hyaline. 

Two females. Colora«lo and New Jersey. (Coll. Am. Knt. Soc.) 

■■i!>. Pteronus mendicus Walsh. 

18(56. Xematnti niendirmi Walsh. Proi-. I'.nr. Soc. I'liilii., vi, j). 2til. 

1807. XemalHS trii'iltatuH Xortou. Trans. Am. i'.nt. Soc. i. ]>. 218. (("at., etc, 

p. 80.) 
1867. \eniatnH viindinisNorUm. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc. i, p. 220. (Cat., etc, 

p. 82. ) 
1878. XeniatnH ntenitiruK I'rovant-lior. Nat. Can. \, p. 58. 
1883. XemaliiH uiendicnH Provanclii'r. I'aiin. Knt. Can. llyni.. i>. l!tl. 
18!r». XematnH wcndienii Dyar. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc, \\\\, p. :i(t2. 

Femalv.—Jjun^th 5 to (» mm.; not veiy robust, shining; clypeus 
bntadly but not deeply notched, lobes rounded; ocellar basin with dis- 
tinctly defined bnt rounded lateral walls; frontal crest lu'omlnent, 
ln'oken at middle, or strongly bituberciilate; antennal fovea broad, 
shallow; antoimie longer than head and thorax, very slender, capering, 






I i\ 



70 



I i 1^ 



ilV 



i 



joints 3 and 4 subequal; venation normal; stigma broad, regularly 
rounded on lower margin ; slieuth tapering-, straight or slightly concave 
on upper margin; cerci short, robust ; claws deeply cleft, rays unequal. 
Color very light yellowish; very narrow border of ocelli, small spot on 
occiput, sometimes line on anterior lobe of mesonotum, spot oh lateiiil 
lobes of mesonotum (sometimes subobsolete), apex of scutellum, s]>ot 
between ccnchri, brownish bla<rk ; posterior tibia' and tarsi very slightly 
infuscatod; antenna' brown ferruginous, the Ijitter color predominatiii}; 
toward ti]>; sheath sometimes tii)i)ed with brown; veins light yellowisli 
brown; costa an<l stigma greenish hyaline. 

Male. — Length 4.5 to r> mm.; slender, shining; structural characters 
in general of female; procidentia narrow, ])rqjecting, squarely truncate 
at a])ex, about as wide as long. ( -olor of antenna' nbove and basally. 
large 8i»ot on vertex including ocelli and extending over occiput and 
covering entire base of head, njesonotum, metanotum, and abdomen 
except lateral margins of segments black; ui)per orbits, venter, abdo 
men, and legs for the most part yellowish ferruginous; lower orbits and 
face below frontal crest and moutii ])art8 i)allid ; tibia' and tarsi, particu 
larly posterior pair, infuscjited ; lower surface of tlagellum rufous; veins 
brown; costa and stigma somewhat lighter, yellowish brown. 

Nine females, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New York (Coll. Am. Knt. 
Soc), and from ^Missouri, Kansas, and Iowa (Coll. IJ. S. Nat. Mus.). 
Three males. Massachusetts an<l California. (Coll. Am. I^^nt. Soe.) 
For a discussion of the habits of this species, which Mr. Walsh erro 
neously sui)posed to be inquilinous in the galls of other Nematines, tur 
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., iir, p. 2«;7. Mr. II. (l. Dyar has described tlic 
early stages from material collected on willow in New York (Mty and at 
Plattsburg, N. Y. 

40. Fteronus vancouverensis ne:w s])ecies. 

Fnnah;. — Length G.r> t(> 7 mm.; not very robust, shining: clypens 
broadly emarginate, lobes broad; anteniml basin with sharply raised 
defniing walls; crest i)rominent, bilobtid or bituberculate; fovea not 
distinctly delined ; antennjc slender, elongate, fourth joint a little longer 
than third; venation nornud; sheath Tiarrow, tapering, ])ointed; claws 
very minutely but evenly cleft. Cclor pallid, inclined to resin<ms: 
antenna' black above, yellowish beneath; anterior lobes of niesonotuni 
brownish, infu8<'ated centrally; tip of scutellum with spot on either 
side and spots on center of metanotum black; costa and stigma 
hyaline, veins otherwise dark br'jwii; extremities of legs very slightly 
infuscated, together with extren.e tip of sheath. 

ilArt/c— Length « nun.; slender, shining; procidentia i)roiccting con 
siderably more than its width, mirrow, squarely truiurato at tip; claws 
minutely and evenly cleft. Color of anteiune above, large spot includ 
ing ocelli and extending over vertex and occiput, lobes of mesonotum 
except scutellum and metanotum, most of basal abdominal segment 



71 



above, together with trausverse stripe on each of succeeding seg- 
ments, dark brown or black ; mouth parts, orbits, and area about base 
of antennic, pronotum, teguliu, scutelkmi, venter with most of hiteral 
dorsal area of abdomen uud sutures of sejiinents, and logs yellowish 
resinous; face paler; hijul tibia' and tarsi slightly infuscated; antenna' 
yellowish beneath. 

Four females. Vancor.ver Island, Alameda and Placer County, ( Jal., 
and :>evada. ((Jolls. IT. S. Nat. Mus. and Am. Ent. Soe.) 

One male. Alameda, Cal., Mr. Koebele, collector. (Coll. L. S. Nat. 
Mus.) 

U. Pteronus koebelei new species. 

Female. — Length 5 mm. ; robust, shining; clypeus deeply emarginate, 
In])e8 broad, rounded; ocellar basin sharply defined; crest unbroken 
at middle, straight; antennal fovea very broad, extending laterally 
from base of antenna'; venation normal, except that the sides of the 
f hird cubital cell are i)arallel ; stigma broad, regularly rounded on lower 
margin; sheath regularly tapering on ui)per and lower margins to 
rounded apex, hairs very minute except at extreme apex, where a small 
tuft of longer hairs occurs; cerci long, slender, slightly tapering; claws 
<leoi)ly notched, rays nearly equal. Color light greenish yellow, with 
purple tinge on head and thorax; spot including ocelli, more or less of 
base of head, spot on anterior extremity of the middle lobe of meso- 
notum extending backwanl in a narrow line, si)ot on lateral lobes of 
mesonotum, one on either side of scutelluni, two just within the cen- 
chri, and small spots on basal plates black; antenna' black, sometimes 
ferruginous beneath; legs, especially tarsi, with distinct greenish cast; 
veins brown, stigma and costa greenish yellow. 

Five females. California and Oregon. (Coll. U. S. Nat. JNIus.) 

12. Pteronus pinguidorsum Dyar. 

1895. Ni'inatuH pingHidorHum Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxii, p. 303. 
Female. — Length 8 mm.; robuwst, shining; clypeus deeply, circularly 
emarginate, lobes broad, circular, rounded at tip; ocellar, basin dis- 
tinctly deiined, lateral walls not very sharply raised, crest unbroken, 
Ibveadeep, extending laterally over bases of antenna' ; antenna' slender, 
tapering, joints 3 and 4 subecpial; venation normal; stigma narrow, 
sides almost parallel, rather abruptly truncate at tip; sheath robust, 
obliquely truncate at tip; claws strong, deeply notched. Color light 
yellow, inclined to pallid; small spot connecting ocelli, aiiteni'.a' 
above, and anteri'M- edge of cenchri dark brown or black; anterior 
lobes of mesonotum brownish purple, head above tinged with purple; 
antenna', beneath yellowish; jwsterior tibia- towai I tips and all tarsi 
very slightly infuscated; extreme tip of sheath brown ; stigma yellow ; 
veins dark brown ; wings hyaline. 



■ 
; 



f 



'' U 



ill 



;<!• 



;'i! 



^ 



72 



■■i; 






K 



) 



1! 



One female, Dyar's type. Mr. H. G. Dyar characterizes the last 
larval stages from solitary larva* found on the edges of the leaves of 
white l)irch at Keeue Valley, N. Y. 

43. Pteronus unicolor new species. 

Female. — Length G mm.; moderately robust, shining; clypeus broadly 
and sliallowly emarginate, lobes small, rather pointed; ocellar basin 
distinctly defined: frontal crest narrow, unbroken; antennal fovea 
broad, rounded, subtriangular, deeply excavated; venation normal: 
stigma elongate, acuminate; sheath tapering on lower margin to ratluT 
l)ointed apex, superior margin straight or but slightly convex; claws 
deeply notched, rays equal. Color uniformly yellowish ferruginous, 
the latter color most noticeable on vertex, dorsum of thorax and abdomen 
and the tips of hind femora, all the tibia' and tarsi ; veins brown, except 
extreme base of stigma, which is white; costa somewhat pal^r than 
other veins, especially at base. 

One female. California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

44. Pteronus longicomis new species. 

Male. — Length G to 7 mm.; not very robust, shining; clypeus shal 
lowly and broadly emarginate; sides of ocellar basin and frontal area 
rounded, indistinct; antennal fovea shallow, indistinct; antennsB very 
long, slightly tapering, nearly as long as body, joints nodose at tips, lower 
ones flattened, joints 3 to 5 subequal; procidentia very broad, one-thii<l 
as wide as last segment, rounded at tip, strongly constricted basally: 
claws deeply notched, rays subequal ; intercostal vein nearly at riglit 
angles to costa and its own length anterior to basal vein ; third cubital 
cell nearly twice as wide at apex as at base and three to four times as 
long as wide at base; venation otherwise normal ; stigma rather broad, 
ovate, rounded beneath, with slight angle near center. Color black : 
clypeus, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguhe, narrow lateral mar 
gin of abdomen with jjosterior margin of the central segments and the 
two terminal segments, venter of abdomen, and legs yellowish ferru- 
ginous; tips of the posterior tibia> and their tarsi, black; veins, iuclud 
ing stignui and costa, the latter nearly to base, dark brown. 

Many specimens. JMichigan, New York, and Long Island (Coll. U. S. 
Nat. Mus.), and Massachusetts and Canada (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

45. Pteronus iridescens Cresson. 

1880. Nemaius mdencens Cresson. Trans. Am. Eut. Soc, aim, p. 5. 

il/rt/c— Length 5 to G mm.; not very robust, shining; clypeus circu 
larly and rather deeply emarginate; ocellar basin large, lateral walls 
and frontal crest distinctly defined, the latter unbroken; antennal 
fovea very shallow, indistinct, elongate; antenna' robust, flattened, 
short, not much longer than head and thorax, tapering, joints 3 and 1 



78 

snbequal; procidentia narrow, trnncate, not projecting; claws not very 
(l.t'ply notched, rays subequal; intercostal vein at riglit angles to costa; 
third cubital cell elongate, scarcely divaricating; stigma not very 
broad, rounded on lower margin; venation otherwise normal. Color 
black; clypeus, labrum, i)ali)i, extreme angles of pronotiim, tegnla-, 
ai)i<'es of coxa-, tips of femora, including nearly all of anterior i)airs, 
iiiiterior tibia', and tarsi more or less light yeHowish; posteri(»r tibia' 
and tarsi infuscated, anterior tarsi indistinctly so; veins dark brown, 
iiHluding costa nearly to base: stigma brown, unicolorous. 

Two males, Cresson's ty])e specimens, from Nevada and one fi-om 
southern California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

Ml. Pteronus decoratus l^rovancher. 

1HS8. \ematu8 decoratun Vrnvtiuvho.T. Add. raii.i. Ciui. IFyiii. . ji. 3fifl. 

Male. — Length 5.") mm. ; rather robust, shining; <'lypeus very broadly, 
ratlicr shallowly emarginate, lobes small, rounded; ridges about ocellar 
basin indistinct and rounded; vertex smooth, glistening; an teniuil fovea 
scarcely present; antenna; rather stout, taperitig, iu)t longer than head 
aiul thorax, joints 3 to 5 sube(iual; procidentia minute, scarcely pnjject- 
iiig; venation normal; stigma not very broad; ai)ex of costa greatly 
enlarged, almost as large as stigma; claws deeply cleft, inner ray par- 
allel with outer. Color black, shining; orbits, face below antejina*, 
jnonotum, teguhe, and legs for the most part i)allid; fenuna e\(!oi)t line 
on under side, apices of hind tibia' togcither with low«'r edges of same, 
and the hind tarsi brown; hind coxa; brown, ex<!cpt at tip; wings 
nearly hyaline, veins yellowish brown, stigma and costa somewhat paler. 

Iicdescribed from I'rovancher's type specdmen, kindly loaned me by 
Abbe Uuard. The specimen was collected \u Florida by Mr. Ashnu'ad. 
It is distinct from any other known species of the genus an<l represents 
the extreme scmthern range of this group of sawtlies. In characters 
ol the vertex it is not typical of the gcMuis to which it is assigned, 
although in characters of claw and otherwis«'it seems to Ix; a Pteronus. 



47. Pteronus lombardse new species. 

Male. — Length 5.5 mm.; rather slender, shining; clypeus shallowly 
but distinctly emarginate; vertex smooth, glistening: ridges about 
oceliar basin rounded but distinct; venation normal; intercostal very 
slightly inclined; stigma moderately broad, rounded on lower margin; 
procidentia narrow, short, blunt; claws rather minutely iu>tched, rays 
subequal. Color black; clypeus, labrum, palpi, teguhe, and legs from 
trochanters outward except posterior tibia? and tarsi yellowish ferru- 
ginous; posterior tibite, except bases, and their tarsi strongly infus- 
cated; veins and stigma dark brown; wings very faintly infuscated, 
almost hyaline. 



74 



m 



it" 









Three malea, one from Lansiiifj, Mich., hibeled " Lombanly po]>lai ; 
and two apccinuMis bred from larvii' on willow by Mr. Dyar (Coll. I'. S. 
Nat. Mu8.). 

Mr. Dyar, for whom I determined as above some bred males, thinks 
this may jnove a seasonal form of rentralis (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.. 
xxiT, ^H\)ii, ]). .SO.")). Mr. Dyar's specimens were obtained in New York 
on Sali.r, and, tofjether with the types, present what seem t<» hv jiood 
specific diilerences from rentralis. 

48. PteronuB dubius new species. 

Jilale. — Length r>..5 mm.; clypeus broadly emarginate, almost tniii 
cate; frontal crest very large, strongly angled anteriorly, lateral walls 
of basin tapering rapidly posteriorly ; antennal fovea narrow, breakiiifr 
slightly throngh crest; antenna; robust, llattened, joints 4 and ."> a little 
longer than -T; venation about normal; second recurrent interstitial tti 
nearly so in fore wings and the outer veins of discal ('ells interstitial 
in hind wings; stigma rather narrow, rounded on lower margin; pro 
cidentia short, not very broad, apex rounded; claws dee]»ly divided, 
rays snbequal. Color black, shining; clypena and othei- mouth parts 
and extending to eyes whitish; narrow lino on venter of abdomen, 
incbuling all of hypopyginm and the legs, ferruginous yeHow; bases 
of coxM' black: wings hyaline; veins and stigma brown. 

One male. AVclIesley, Mass., March 20. (Coll. V. S. Nat. ^lus.) 

40. Fteronus stigmatns Norton. 

ISOI. XcmaUtH stiiimatiis (HurriH) Xctrton. Proc. Host. 8oc. Nat. Hist., viii, p. lf!l. 
IHCtT. Xematu.inligmaluH'SorUm. TraiiH. Am. Ent. Soc, i. p. 221. (Cat., etc., ]). 8:!.! 
Ftmalc. — Color grconlsh luteoii.s; body short and stout; autonn.i' moderate, llu' 
two basal Joints black; a sniall black spot about each of ocelli; clypeus har<lly 
eniarfiinate; labrum angulato, hairy ; part of mesothorax, the metathorax, the lirst 
seven segments of tergnm and ovipositor sheaths, and a spot on pleura below winu'* 
black; legs pale; tips of tarsi and claws blackish ; M'iugs hyaline; stigma and co»ta 
pale green. 

One female. Massaehusetta. (Harris's Coll.) 
It has the si/e aiul form of X. monochroma. 

50. Pteronus monochroma Norton. 

1801. Xcmatiia monorhrowa (Harris) Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., \ m, 

p. KM. 
18«)7. XvmatiiH monochroma Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Hoc., i, p. 221. ((!at., ot( . 
p. 83.) 
Female.— CiAnv honey yellow; body stout; antenna- wanting, except two bas.il 
Joints, which are colorof body ; ocelli black, sot in an irreguhir depression; clypeus 
retracted, crenute; labrum angulato; face immaculate; teguhe, collar, venter, ami 
coxa' paler than rest of body; pleura dark, almost piceus; legs color of body: 
wings hyaline; stigma and costa pale yellow. 

One female. Massachusetts. (Harris's Coll.) 
Resembles X. Jiiteun, of Europe. 



76 

The last two species, Nos. 40 aud 50, I have been unable to recog- 
nize in the miiterial examined. The type specimens are lost, and 1 
quote without alteration Norton's original descriptions. 



IX. Genus AMAUROKEMATUS Konow. 

.ImaiironemnlHH Kcmow. Denteclio Entoni. Zeits., xxxiv, 181K), p. 21M. 

Iiody large ; clypcMiK einaTginatc at api'x ; claws bii'ul ; aiitoiiiiic short, subsotacoons, 
iiHiiiilly black; Htigiiia elongate, uvato at base, clongate-aciiniinato toward apex; 
Ik ;iil, iiiesoiiutiiiii. and niesoplenra iinoly and closely pnnctnred and more or less 
ii|iai|iic; bead siibtriangular ; labinm long, protruding; shoatli of female thick, 
usiijilly large. 

^his genus, characterized as above by Konow, includes a group of 
distinctly diflferentiiirad and closely allied species, the American repre- 
sentatives of which may be separated by the aid of the following table: 

TABLK OK SPECIES. 

Inner tooth of claw small and comparatively inconspicnons 1. hiteipva Cr. Q 

Inner tooth or ray of (daw large and nearly parallel with outer. 
Body black dorsally; wings smoky. 
Legs altogether black. 

Vouter of abdomen black ; dypeiis nearly truncate at apex. 

2. conrolor Nort. ^ 
Venter of abdomen pale; clypens distinctly eniargiuiite. 

3. comstocki ii. sp. 
Tibiic yellowish. 

Clyi»en8 and labrum pale; walls of occllar basin distinctly detined. 

■1. firavilis n.sp. -^ 
Clypens and labrnm black ; walls of ocellar basin somewhat indistinct. 

5. rajuix Cr. o 
Body black dorsally ; wings hyaline. 

Abdomen black ventrally. ^ 

Legs, except apical half of hind tibi.T, red 0. rufipcii n.np. ^ 

Legs black except at joints 7. cooki n. sp. o 

Legs with tips of the femora and tlie tibi:i' and tarsi pale. 

Prouotum aud toguhu black ; clypens circularly emarginatc. 

8. boreaHa Alarlatt, ^ 
Pronotum and tegul.e pale margined ; clypens nearly truncate. 

9. niijrofemorntus ('r. 
Pronotnm broadly margined and tegnbe altogether italo; clypens 

deeply omarginato, loites triangular 10. orhHaUn n. sp. 9 

Abdomen pale ventrally !!• om/omwsis n.sp. i 

Head and thorax usually more or less marked with black. 
Abdomen black dorsally. 

Stigma broadest at base; lobes of clypens broad, rounded. 

12. fiilripes 'Sort.!^ 

Stigma widest at middle; lobes of clypens small, triangular. 

13. iitctomlin Cr. 'l 

Abdomen yellow ; wings smoky; legs black It. /«/fo/m/H,H Nort. ^ 

Abdonutn yellow; wings clear or nearly so; legs pale. 

Antenna- moderately robust, strongly tapering; sheath elongate, narrow, 
scarcely tapering, tip rounded. 



u 



I' ^ 



76 



r>^l. 



Crest broken ; mesonotmn with three hlack stripes. 15. dismlor Vr 
Crest sliglitly or not at all broken ; lucsouotum juile (ir with n sin^k 

narrow stripe !<>• linvaluf. Ila:, 

Antenna' nuxleratcly robnst, strongly tapering; sheath strongly tapeiiii;- 
toward tip, latter obtusely poinfcl. 
Ant«rior lobes, njos«)notnni, and tip of scutel Idack. 

Stigma and costa dark brown 17. chnlcemn.'<\i. 

Stigma and eosta yellow !><• roiiiiillrtli n. -p. 

Anterior lobes, etc., pale 1!>. hnniHviiH Nmi 

Antenna' moderately robnst, strongly ta])ering; sheatli as above, l.iii 
sliaridy i)rodut'od at tip ; elypens deeply emarginate. 

20. exeat ahiH n. s|, 
Antenna- long and slender, Hotaeeons 21. califoniiciin n.sp. 



•J. Amauron< 



INDKX TO SI'Et'IES OK AMAntONEMATUS. 



boreal is Marlatt, <? 



8 ' graeilis n.sp., 9 1 



bninnens Norton, 9 19 lineatus Harrington, 9 



Ill 

1 

elialeeus n.s)i., 9 17 Infceotergnni Norton. 9 II 



calirorninis n. iji., 9 • -• 



21 , liitoipes Cresson, 9 



conistoiUi n. f»p.. 9 ■ •■- 



■I I nigrofemiiralns Cresson, 9 



(dor Nort J - 2 ^ orbitalis n. sp., 9 !0 



eont 

rooki n. sp., ,/ 7 

■•o(|iiilhtti n.sjt., 9 IS 

discolor Cresson, 9 b') 

ex'-avalas n. sp.. 9 -^^ 

fulvipes .Norton, 9 1- 



oregon«'nsls n. sp,, 9 " 

pc'ctoralis Cressoti, 9 IH 

rai)a\ Cresson. ^ 'i 

rulipes n. s|»., J 1! 



II 



. 



III i>< 



V 



1. AmauronematuB luteipes (<itss<)ii. 

IHSO. .NV»'irt/H« /HM/»flK (Jresson. Trans. Am. Knt. Soe., VIII, p. fi, 

Femoh: — litMij^tli (».5 mm.; cxp. al. 14 mm.: very robust, sliiniiiji; 
lim'ly imlM'scciit: c!yi»'iis ilceply iiml I'irciilarly (^mar^inatc, lobcH iiar 
row, ViIIkUmI; Iroiital nrst and kIiU's of (K-cIlar basin nulLsfinrt nr 
wanting; antcnnal tovoa very shallow, alino.st >vai:tin{.!:; antenna' short, 
not mni!i hni^cr than head ami thora.x, rather sh>n<lor, scan'^ly taper- 
in«'. Joints .'{, ', and r> subeipial; intereoslal vein nearly inter8titial with 
basal; tii.rd e.iibltal <'ell scarcely lonjieron upper margin than wide at 
ba.se; discal cells of hind winjjs with outer veiiiH interstit lal or nearly 
so; sheath iiarrow,obli<|uelytiiinca(e at apex; inner ray of <law minute, 
tooth like, and very near apex. Color browniah bla«'k; clypeiLs, labnim. 
basesofiiiiindibles, orbits, parti<*ularly posteriorly, aiiKl^'^of pronotnin. 
tcffuhe and lej^s exeept bases of eoxa', more or less of u|>i(Mil nuirt'si 
of scj-finei is «>f abdomen, particularly vent rally, yellowish f'iivoiis; 
sheath anil e<»rci i'nlvons; veins, iiicludiii>r sti^^na and eosiii. brown: 
wiiiji[s sli|;liti.' infuscat«'d. 

OnetVniale. Nevada, ((^(dl. Am. I' .Hoc.) 

lu tlij stnu'turc of the claw, this species divorpea somewhat from tin' 
{fenu.s to which it is now assinned ind I'.pproaehes the Htructure occur- 
ring" in l^h'hjincmatuN. In general characterB, however, it falla umlcr 
Amauronematm. 



n 



77 



^Jor Cr I -J. Amanronematas concolor N(M't(»ii. 

isiii},'!,.' 
|« Har, 

lipciill;' 



Win I), ^l), 

yi n. -ji 

I"* Xnll 



II 



1H«)7 AVi»«ii/w«<i«»M«-«i/«r Xort«»ii. TriinN. Am. Knt.Stic, i, p. liHi, (Cut., etc., p. 58.) 
INiT. \eiiiahi» rinhntiiieMiuH SurUm. Tran.s. Am. Kiit. Soc, i, |». 201. (Ciit. etc. 

{HHii. \emiiliiM itturulor Pnjvanclicr. .\<l(l. Funn. Can. Hyin., p. ^i'l. 

Mith'.—\.v\i\li\\ r».r» to 7 nun.; cxp. al. 15 to H» una.; .slendtu- specirs; 
t lyjM'us very .-^lij^litly t'niaiyfinate, ulniost trunratu: <'rcst and .sides of 
udllar basin in-aily ohsidetc, in«listin«;t : antenna! fovea small, vtMy 
riniijrat*': ann-nna- lon^rrr than head und thorax, rather robust, tlat- 
tciii'd, fourth joint lon<;i'r than third; intercostal its own lenjith anterior 
to ha.^ial, stroiijily inclined; tiiird cubital more than twice as Ion;; as 
wide at bas*'; venation otherwise nornuil; procidentia very minute and 
stpiarely truncate tirbniadly excavated at apex; hypopyjjiuni broad and 
si|uarely truncate at apex, or sli};htly eniarj^inate. Color black, with 
liiiiiy pubesceni-eon sides of tlioiax; clypeus, labrum, cheeks, ami bases 
of mandibles whitish: upper and outer orbits faintly tinned with rufous; 
wiii^^s iiifiis-ated; veins, ineUuliii}: costa and stiy;ma, brown. 

I'wj) males. .Maine and Michigan. (Colls. .\m. Knt. S(M'. and \' . S. 
N;it. Mils.) 

A siiijile mall- collected in Massa<'hu.setts aj-n'es exactly witii the 
;il)ove in all siriictiiral characters, and dilVers only in that the alidomen 
is ii;;liter. inclining; to reildish, sironjjly inl'u.st-ated, especially on the 
ii|iand bas«'. This is Norton's \rtnatns riohnriiKninis, which undoubt- 
edly beltings to roiirolor. 1 have seen a sp«'cimen also from Natick, 
Mass.. collected April l'.». (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 



h 



'■'>. Amauronematus conutocki new species. 

rnnah. — lieti^lli !• mill.: rather elon;rnte, slender; clypeus vi'iy shal- 
low ly «>mar;;inate: walls of oei'llar basin rounded, indistinct, frontal 
nest almost wantin;;: antennal fovea shallow, eloii;;'ate; antenna* short, 
joints .'( to ii sube«|ual. fourth lono;est; wiii^ venation normal, stigma 
-<li;:litly an;rulaled near mid.lle; sheath obliipiely truncate at tip. 
* olonlull black: oral re^riou, together with outer o"bits and triaiijLcle al 
I'liseof antenna-, most (d pronotum. and venter of aiidoiiien yelh^wish 
^\liite: labium and palpi dark lirowii, pronotum marked with one or 
more circular brown spots; apical ventral .seynieiils more or h'ss brown; 
lic.iih black; le;:s uniformly Idack, iiieludiii;^ Joints; win;;s strongly 
inlu.s«at«'d; veins black. 

One female. Ithaca. N. V., May '-'. (C(dl. ('oriiell Iniv.) 
This Hpe<ieK is very «-losely allied to {/ntcilis in ^((Mieral appearance, 
l»iit seems to lie distinct by the structural characters of the vertex as 
well as eoloiationally. A. conrolor Norton, of which males only are 
'iiown, approaches this species very closely, and breeding' recoitis may 
' vciiiuall) show the twi» species to be identical. 



i ! 



I 

I 



• I 



ll 



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V: 



i 



It' 



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) 



iiii- 






I Mi ' 



h 



T8 

4. AmauronematuB gracilis new species. 

/'Vw<ff/6'.— Leujith 8 mm.; elongate, slender; clypeus riitl>er broadly 
and sballowly emarginate, lobes triangular; walls of ocellar basin dis 
tinctly defined; crest narrow, not extending laterally, slightly brok.n 
by deeply excavated, elongate antennal fovea; fourth joint of antennn 
longer than third; upper discal cell of hind wings very ehmgate ;iiitl 
considerably exceeding lower; sheath somewhat elongate, rounded at 
ai»ex; cerci very long and liliform. Color dull brownish black; tii 
angle between bases of antenna', orbits and oral legion, angles of pio 
notiini, more or less ot apical ventral segments, joints of legs, inrlnd 
ing most of the anterior tibia', yellowish; stigma and wing veins dark 
brown; wings slightly infuscated; labium and palpi brown. 

Two females. Ithaca, N. Y., May 8, and Natick, Mass., April I'.t. 
(Coll. Cornell Univ.) 

"). Amauronematus rapax Cresson. 

1?<80. XcmnliiH nipaj' Cressoii. Trans. Am. Kiit. Soc, viit. p. 4, 
M<ih: — Length 7 nun.; exp. al. 17 mm.; clypeus circularly but hot 
deei»ly emarginate; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin suIm)I».s« 
lete; antennal fovea broad, shallow, not sharply limited, and extendin; 
indistinctly into ocellar basin; antenna' robust, tlattened, not ioii;:v'r 
than head and thorax, joints .'i to ~> subequal, fourth and fifth slig!.;!. 
longer than third; venation normal; stignut broadest nom- base, tapii 
ing nniforndy to attenuated apex; procidentia small, .-.trongly k^'i'ltd. 
truncate; hypopygium narrow at tii>, slightly onmrginate; outer ray <•! 
claw distinctly longer than inner Color black, with hoary pubesi-ciin-. 
l>articularly on thorax ami legs; tips of femora, tibia', and two antcriur 
pairs of tarsi, fulvous; outer orbits tinged with rufous; wings distinctly 
but not strongly infuscated. 

One male. Nevada. (Ccdl. Am. Knt. Hoc.) 

(>. Amauronematus rufipes new s])ecies. 

M((h'. — hength \) nun.; very sleiuler, elongate; clyptuis very broadly 
cnjiirginatc; ocellar basin distinctly defined but not deeply excavaltd: 
frontal crest not strongly developed, fovea triangidar; antenna' viiy 
long and slender, fonrtii joint longest, nearly a third longer tlian thinl 
joint; first cubital cross vein wanting; stigma very elongate, nan nw. 
acuminate; nppi'i cell of lower wings exceeding lower by one-third its 
length; procidentia short, more than twice as broad as long, trmicatr; 
claws coarsely notched. iUtUu- black, shining^ basal joint of inaxillaiy 
palpi, all of legs except apical half of posterior tibia', rechlish; tarsi 
inclined to yellowish, imne or less infuscatetl, particularly po.ster "i 
pair; wings hyaline; veins dark brown; costa, including teguhe, somi- 
what paler. 

One male. Indiana. (Coll. Cornell Cniv.) 



I' ll 



79 



7. Amauronematus cooki new speciies. 

.!/(»/<. —liGiifftli .-) nun.; rlypens nKuU'iatdy iunl rather inurowly 
i'iii:iij;inate, lobes small, lounded; frontal crest not extending at all 
laterally, slijflitly bioken by tlic shallow antennal fovea: sides of pen- 
ta,::<*iial area nninded, inditstinet; farrows rnnninj; from occiput to base 
of ;iutenna'wide and deep; antenna' hinjjer than head and thorax, Jctints 
1 :in<l ."i svibe(|ual, longer than 3; venation normal; procidentia siiort, 
squarely trnncate with sharp anj,^les, keeled; (tlaws deeply notched. 
Color black; «'lypens, oral rej;ion and beneath eyes whitish; Joints of 
1» is, with more or less of anterior face of tibia and apices of femora, 
yellowish-; wings hyaline; stignui and veins, inclnding costa nearly to 
base, dark brown; extreme angles of pronotnm sordid yellowish. 

One male. Michigan. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Miis.) 

s. Ams,uronematus borealis Marlatt. 

is!f_'. S'eiiKitiiH horealin Miiiifttt. I'roc. Acatl. Nat. Sci. I'liila., 1H!I2, p. 13:{. 
l/'»/<'.— Length (} mm.; exp. al. 14 mm.; head and tiiorax coarsely 
iniiictured, body generally more or less shining, particuhirly the abdo- 
iinn; clyjiens circularly but not deeply emarginate; frontal crest and 
>iilt's of ocellar basin indistinct; antennal fovea elongate; aiitennie 
rather stout, llattened, joints I and ."» with downward <'Uive, fourth Joint 
luiigcst; thinl subnuirginal cell very narrow at base, not much more 
than one-third as wi<le as at ap(v\; v(Miation otherwise nminal; stigma 
widest and slightly angulated one-third from base, tapering regularly 
to acuminate apex; pro<;identia narrow, shoit, constricted at base, 
tnincatji at apex; hypoi>ygium nairow, rouiuled at tip; claws deeply 
tictt, rays subequal. (J(»lor black; labium, tip of alxlonHMi, tips of 
r<iiii»ra, the tibiic and tarsi, except terminal Joints of latter, yellowish 
oi lesinous; wings perfectly hyaliiu^; veins dark brown, including costa 
t(t base; stigma luteous, with narrow brown border. 

One male. Disco Island. (Coll. Am. hjut. 8«»c.) 
II. Amauronematus nigrofemoratus (Jresson. 

ISMI. \tiiiuliiH iiijiriiji inoriiliiH ('™,sh(iii. 'riaiiN. .\iii. Kilt. Sue, \IM, |>. I. 

I'lintih: — licngth (».."» mm.: exp. al. Hiiinn.; very robust; clypeus very 
-li;;litly cnnirginate. alnutst lrun<'at«'; fnmlal crest and sides of ocellar 
Imshi indistinct, antennal fovea shallow, not distinctly delinod, eh>n 
uale; antenna- short, hardly as long iis head and thorax, third to lifth 

•ihtssuluMpml; interei>stal «*rossv(!iii verym-ar basal, stron};ly inclined; 
\taali(»u otherwis*' normal: stignm broadesi at base; sheath rather 
l:iri;e, nniiulcd on both sidt^s toward the obtuse tip, which bears a dense 
-((»pa; cerci slender, medium, scarcely tapering, ('olor in general 
i'liick; entire body, particularly the thorax, \>illi a tine sericeiis |»ile; 
'i|»i>er ami (Uiter orbits, edge of angles of pronotnm, bolder of tegiihc, 

pot below eyes, tip of clyp»'us and the labrum, trochanl»'rs, tips of 



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coxii', tips of femora, tibiii' except extreme tips, yellowish ; tips of til»iii . 
especiiilly posterior psiir, tarsi, and palpi iiifii«;.ated; wingc hyaline; 
veins, includinj? stigma and eosta, brown. 

One female. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Knt. Soc.) 

10. Amauronematus orbitalis new si^eeies. 

/.V»<,j/r._Iien};th 7 mmi\.; exp. al. l."» mm.; raHier slender; head iind 
tliorax linely pnn*'tnn'd but more or less saining; abdomen moic so; 
imbesreiH-e very minute; clypeus eircularly, broadly, and rather decjily 
emarginate, U>bes triangular, sharply pointed; frontal erest sl»2:litl,v 
broken: sitle walls of ocellar Itasin not very distinct; antennal fovea 
very minute, <'ii'eular; antenuie very short, not nearly so long as Im iid 
and thorax, tiiinl to liflh joinfs sube(pial; intercostal cross vein iidt 
half its length anterior to basal; thinl cubital <'ell iu»t twice as long as 
\\u\v at base, nearly quadrate; euter .. -nsof discal cells of hind winus 
interstitial, or neariy so; venation otherwise normal; stigma narmw. 
tapering; sheath large, upper edge straight; eerci very h)ng, slen«h'r, 
scarcely tajtering. Color black; u])|>er and out«M- orbits very broa<lly, 
inner orbits narrowly, beneatli base of antenna', clypeiis, iJieeks, outer 
angles (»l" pronot urn, Icgnhc, apicesof coxa*, trochanters, inner and omei 
faces of lemora, tibia-, tarsi, apex of abdomen beueath, yellowish lul 
vous; face incliiu'd to pallid; tips of tarsi, particularly pt»sterlor |)air, 
fusi'ous; sheath and <!erci dark brown, almost black; veins brown. 
exi'cpt basal two-thirds of losta; stignni brown, somewhat lighter ecu 
trally, especially at base. 

Two fenuiles. Oregon ami Colorado ((lillette). (Coll. *' S. Nat. Mas. 

11. Amauronematus oregonensis new species. 

Foualv. — licngth 7 in:n.; exp. al. lo mm.; heml and thorax lincly 
l)uncturcd; abdomen sliining; cly)>eus very slightly, circularly emaiul- 
nate; frontal ciest large ami broken; ocellar basin not very distinill,\ 
delined; antennal fovea distinct, (Mreular; antenna' very slenilci, 
scarcely tapering, Ibnrth Joint long(;sl ; venation normal; stignui narrow, 
acuiiiinate: sheath nanow, rounde«!; eerci slender, long, not tap<'rinn; 
(laws deeply cleft, rays siibequal. Color black; triangle beneath antni 
na', orbits Inoadly except narrowly (Ui innvr side, cheeks, clypciis. 
labruiii, liases of mamliitlcs, palpi, angles <if pronotum, tegula',ab<loiiit'ii 
beneath, apical margin ol penultimate and all of the last dorsal sogmcnl, 
coxa' exci'pt at base, trochant«'rs and legs whitish, the face beiiij; 
pallid and semitraiispaicnt ; legs inclined to fus(;()uson U])perand lowii 
margins, and tlu' taisi strongly in fuscated; sheath and eerci black, tlie 
venter more Ol' less spotted with blown; wings hyaline; veins includinu 
costa except at extreme base, brown; stignni transparent along tlu' 
center. 



IL'. Amauroi 



Two females, Mount Hood, Oreg. ((joll. k\\\. Km, Soc) 



81 

A speciiiuMi from Mr. Dyar diMers iunn Mio above only in the dnrker- 
coloicd wing veins. 

IL'. Amauronematus fulvipes Norton. 

18(!1. NrmulitsfulrijHs (Harris) Ndrtoii. I'roc. Hont. Soc, Xiit. Mist., vui, )i. ItlO. 
!Si)7. Xcmal tin fill ripen Norton. TriinH. Am. Kiit. Soc, i, i». 212. (Cat., ctf . ji. 71.) 
ISH2. \'cmatnn atmiriifiiH Kirliy. List Hyiii. I'.rit. Mns., i, ]>. 1 |H. 

'■\n>ale. — Lenj;tli nun.; exp. iil. 1-4 mm.; ;i slioit, robust species; 
tlypens shsillowly, rather broiully eiuiirj-inate, lobc^s short, l)roinl; IVon- 
tiil erest short, stronjily laised.and scarcely broken; sides of ocelhir 
Itiisiii indistinct (►r wanting; antcnnal ioVv-a small, shallow, circular; 
antenna; tninlium, third, fonrUi, and (Ifth Joints sube(|ual; intercostal 
(loss vein v(uy little anterior to basal, iiid oblicpu': venation normal; 
.stijiina broad nearba.se, taperinj;' regularly to a|)e\; sheath very broad, 
(»l)li(|uely truncate, upper angle obtusely jjointed; cerci minute, very 
slender. Spot including ocelli and extending to ba.se of antenna', cen- 
ter of lobes of niesoiiotum, ai)ical half of scutellum, metanotum, the 
alidoinen dorsally, sheath, lower half of mesepimera, blacU; frontal 
ciest, head below antenna', orbits, pronotum, legs, and venter of abdo- 
men pallid luteous; sutures of mesonotum, upp«u' half of meseitimera, 
luteous, inclining to reddish; veins yellowish brown; stigma somewhat 
li;;liter, particularly at base; tarsi and posterior tibia', labium, and 
palpi very slightly infus<ated. 

One female. Maine. ((Joll. Am. K.nt. Soc.) 
15. Amauronematus pectoralis ( 'res.son. 

IHHO. yrmaliiH iHcloraliH Vri'HHOu. 'I'raiiH. Am. iliil. Soc viii, ]).!>. 

FvmnU'. — Length (».r» mm.: exp. al. l."» mm.; clypeus broadly emargi- 
Hiife, lobes small, triangular, frontal i'rest large, not distinctly delined, 
iMibroken; antennal fovej„ minute, circular, shallow; antenna' sluut, 
s!cn«ler, tapc'ing, fourth Joint slightly hmger than third; intercostal 
anterior to ba.sal vein; thinl cubital cell three tinu's as long as wide at 
liasc; venation otherwise nornnil; stigma not very robust, widest at mid 
<ilc, lower margin circidar; sheath moderately robust, obtusely pointed; 
( laws larg«', rays subecpud. Spot on head inclosing ocelli, with branches 
lunning to base of antenna', antenna', spot on anterior lobt^ and small 
^|Mtt on lateral lolies of me.sonolum. apex of scniclium with spot, on 
inllowing scieriic, metanotum, dorsum of abdomen e\ct|ii termin;U 
Nc;'ment :ind nairow lateral nmrgin, slu'alh. lower half of me.sepiim'ra 
• xccpt pectoral spot, upper and lower edges and bases of fennua, ami- 
' Ntiemo bases <>l coxa- picens; prothorax beiu'ath. labium, and palpi 
Inscous; til>ia' ami tarsi .somewhat infuscated; head and thorax except 
as noted, alMhunen l»'ncatli, ami legs yellowish ferruginous, inclincil to 
leddish on head and sutures of thorax ami mcscpinu'ra; veins light 
yellowish brown; stigma ami costa st»m<'wh;it bghter. 
laill)— .No. J 



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In some specimens the mesepimera .are entirely reddisli or only 
slifihtly infuscated on tlieir lower portion; also part of the face and biise 
of winj^s are inclined to whitish. 

Four females. Colorado and Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 
This species scarcely dift'crs from A./ulvipea Norton. 

14. Amauronematus luteotergum Norton. 

1861. 2sematiiH InUotenjam Norton. Proc. HoHt. Hoc. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 161. 

1867. NematuH luteotergum Norton. Tmii8. Am. Eut. 8oc., i, p. 206. (Cat., etc., 

p. 68.) 
1882. Krmalus hiteotcnjum Provanchor. Nat. Can., xii, p. 201. 
188;}. XcmatiiH luteotergum Provauchwr, Faiiu. Knt. Can. Ilym., ii, p. 710. 
18!*5. Sematus luteotergum Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Hoc. xxii, j>. 301. 

Female. — Length 8.5 mm.; cxp. al. 10 mm.; very robu.st; head juk' 
thorax opmpie, abdomen shiiiin};, the former covered with a very minute 
hairy pubescence; clypeus somewhat broadly emarginate, lobes sniiill, 
rcmnded; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basni indistinct; anteniiiil 
fovea eh)ngate, shallow; antenna' as long as head and thorax, fouitli 
joint longer than third; intcrctstal cross nerve its own length anterior 
to ba.sal nerve, strongly incline<l; second transverse cubital but half 
as long as third; venation otherwise normal; stigma very narrow, eloii. 
gate, and acuminate; sheath elongate, obtusely rounded at apex; (jcrci 
very long, scarcely tapering; claws deeply notched, the rays alni<ist 
equal. Color of head and thorax for the most i)art, usually the dorsal 
center of basal ])lates with lateral spot an«l terniiiuil dorsal .s«>gment ot 
abdomen, sheath, legs, (rerci, labium, and palpi black; front face of two 
anterior pairs of femora and tibne, paler; terminal joints of antenna' 
rarely, spot beneath basts of ant"nna', clypeus, labrum, bases of mandi- 
bles, more or less <^*' u[>i)er and outer orbits, angles of pronotum, sp<>t on 
lateral hall" of basal plates, and abdomen except as noted yellowish 
ferruginous; veins ami stigma, including costa and teguhe, dark brown; 
anterior wings jiartit-ularly infuscated, and with a ndnute dot near the 
center of the .second cubital cell, also one near the apex of the median 
cell. 

Three females. Massachu.setts. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) I have also 
compared hve specinums (females), representing VVellesley and Nalick. 
Mas.s., and Ithaca, N. V. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) Mr. II. (}. Dyar <!(' 
.seribes the larva- of this species from specimens taken on alder, Kecne 
Valley, N. Y. 

in. Amauronematus discolor (^resson. 

1880. Scmulun diMcolor CifHson. TrauH. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, jt. 8. 

/•V/Mff/c— Length 8.5 mm.; cxp. al. 18 mm.; large, elongate, model 
ately robust spi'cies; the clypeus ratiier deeply emarginate, lobes lar;;«', 
rounded; frontal crest strongly t'levated; sides of oceHar basin some 
what indistinct; fovea very elongate, slialhm, and cutting through tiic 



83 

crost; jiiitenu.T short, not longer tliim liead and thorax, slender, taper- 
iiii;. Joints 4 and 5 subednal, longer than 3; intercostal cr()8s nerve 

I vtry obli<iue, nearly interstitial with basal nerve; second cubital cross 

I vein about half as long as the third ; venation otherwise normal ; stigma 
very slender, elongate, and a<uminate; sheath narrow, elongate, 

hoiiiMled at apex; cerci very slender, longer than last dorsal segment; 
(laws deiiply cleft, rays subequal. (Jolor in general luteous; large 
spor on head including ocelli, antennal region except spot above 
clypeus, antenna', center of anterior lobes of nicsonotum, apex of scutel- 
liiiii, metanotum, narrow niaigin of basal plates, prothorax beneath, 

ispol on outer angles of same, bases of coxie and trochanters, ventral 

iiall (»f mesepiniera, extreme tij) of slieath, and the cerci piceus; upper 

and lower edges of femora and ui)i)er edges of tibia' and tarsi, i>articu- 

arly the posterior pair, fuscous; veins, including stignm, costa, and 

U'hiiIm'. yellowish bnnvn ; a minute dot occurs at the apex of the median 

I cell and near the center of the second cubital cell; anterior wings, par- 
ticularly, slightly infuscated. 

Tiiree females. Coloiado. (Coll. Am. Knt. Soc.) 

A fenuile collected on willow blossoms at Olympia, Wash. (Coll. Cor- 

iit'll Univ.), ditlers from the above in being in general lighter colored, 

I 111' dark markings being generally present but somewhat more restricted. 

iTlie wing veins and ])articularly the stigma are lighter, and the mes- 

('pniicra lack the pectoral dark spot. 

l)i. Amauronematus lineatus Harrington. 

lMt;{. XematUK lineulitu ilurriiigtoii. Can. Kut., xxv, p. ">!). 

lumalr. — Length 7..") mm.; robust, abdonuM.' tapering from near base 
quite strongly toward apex; clypeus distinctly emarginate, lobes tri- 
aii;;ular; lateral walls of ocellar basin indistinct; frontal crest large, 
sliai|»ly delined, slightly or not at all broken; fovea triangnlar; antenna- 
not so long as lu'ad and thorax, tapering, joints .'J to 5 snbe(|ual; vena- 
tiitii nornnU; stigma elongate, widest at base, tapering regularly to 
ii|i('\'; sheath long, narrow, regularly and e(|ually rounded on boih 
margins to obtuse ai)ex; cerci rather long, slender, scarcely tapering; 
(•laws large, deei>ly clel't, rays siibe(|iial. ('ol()r yellowish feniiginons; 
Vertex and nies(»notum iiu'lined to leddish ov with a purplish tinges; 
antenna' exci'pt on scape beneath, narrow lim^ sonu'tinu's wanting on 
anterior lob«; of mesonotum, apex of mesoscntellum, nu'tanotnm for most 
piirl, and the dorsal abdomiinil segments centrally, narrowing poste- 
imrly, black; extreme upi)er atid outer margin of sheath biown; 
extreme tips of posteriin- tibia- and their tarsi very slightly inluscated; 
\tins light yellowish brown; stigma and costa somewhat lightered 
I'lwish. 

Uedescribed from the typo of this species loaned by Mr. Ilarring- 
'"II, and two Hueciinens — one collected in Maine (Coll. Am. lOnt. Soc.) 



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and the tither in New York (Coll. IT. S. Nat. Miis.). hi the former tin- 
abdomen is very narrowly black centrally, and only on three or lour 
basal seifuients. A I'eniale (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) taken June 2(), at 
Ga^lnrd, Colo., is also provisionally placed with this spe<-ies. It a^roos 
in coloration with the Maine s[»ecinien, and also in structure, except that 
the sheath of the ovijjositor is broadened basally. 

17. A' auronematus chalceus ui'W species. 

Fi-mah: — Lenjjth 10 nun.; laryv, rather robust; clypeus deeply aiid 
broadly eniarj'inate, h)bes large, rounded; ocellar basin distinctly 
delined : frontal crest proniinent, not or but slightly broken, extending; in 
an indistinct ridge to the orbits; antennal fovea large, triangular, rat lici 
deeply excavated; antenuic distinctly tapering, third and fourth Joints 
very much h)nger than lifth, third longest; third subnnirginal cell 
elongate, sides parallel; upper discal cell of hind wings considerably 
exceeding lower; sheath broad, tai»ering, slightly constricted before 
apex, with distinct scopa at tip; cerci short, slightly constricted at base; 
claws deeply and evenly notched. Color reddish yellow or resinou.s: 
antenna' with circle about base extending downward to clypeus, ante 
rior and lateral lobes of niesonotuni, apex of scutellum, metascutiiiii. 
more or less of center of basal i)lates, ]>r(»thora\ beneath, and lower iiall 
of niesepiniera brownish black; oeellar regi(m, posterior tarsi, and ti|i 
of sheath nion^ or less infusi-ated; wings slightly infuscated, especially 
between stigma and i)osterior border; veins and stigma dark brown, 
almost black. 

Tw«) feuuiles. Olyuipia, Wash. T. Kincaid, collector. (Coll. (,'oriicll 
Univ.) 

18. Amauronematus coquilletti new species. 

Fcnuih', — licngth S mm.; robust; clypeus broadly, rather deejily 
notched, lobi-s large, rounded; ocellar basin distinctly <lelined, lateral 
walls not strongly laised; frontal crest slightly broken by tlu' back 
ward extL'nsion of the deep and sharply deliiu'd oval antennal fovea; 
antenna' stout, longer than head and thorax, slightly tapering, (h'nscl) 
(tlothed with short hairs; second recurrent neaily inti'rstitial with sc( 
oud cubital; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin, acnmiiiiiic: 
sheath narrow, tapering, slightly hut obtusely produce 1 at tip; cla\\> 
coarsely and evenly notched. Color I'esinous yellow, 'ih'MiumI to red 
dish; antenna', small spot in(!ludiiig ocelli with braneh.*s running down 
toward bases of antenna', stripe on each of antdio" lobes of meso 
notum, laetanotum for the most part, ventral sclerites of prothorax, 
an<l lateral sch'rit«'sof metathorax black or dark brc.wn; extreme tip 
of sheatli brownish; wings hyaline or slightly smoky I'nwn rather dense 
pubescence; veins unitonnly light yellowish brown; stignui aiul costii 
somewhat paler. 

(^m^ fennile. Los Angeles, (lal. Mr. I). W. Co(|uillett, c«)llectoi. 
(Coll. I'. 8. Nat. Mus.; 



It IS now 



'85 



r.i. Amauronematus brunneus Norton. 

IHM. XemaluH hnmneuH Norton. Proc. Knt. Soc. Pliila., iii, p. 8. 

1S67. NemaiuH brunneus Norton. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc.. i, ji. 205. (Cat., etc., p. 67.) 
Female.— LdWgtXx 7 nun.; exp. ill. 1«» mm.; robust; head and thorax 
tiiM'ly imnctured, opaque; clypeus sometimes almost truncate, or very 
slijihtly emarginate; sides of oeellar basin and frontal cre.st present but 
rounded, latter slightly broken ; anteniuil fovea elongate; antenna' not 
l()iig(T than head and thorax, scarcely tapering, slender, joints 3 to o sub- 
oiiual; stigma not very broad, ehmgate, subacuminate; sheath tapering 
oil both edges, somewhat angularly, to an obtuse tip, smooth, mar- 
fiined with very short scattering hairs ; claws very large, deeply notched, 
rays subequal. Color in geneial very light yellowish; niesonotum ami 
iiiesepimera <lull reddish; antenna* IVaruginous, black, or light brown 
above, growing lighter toward tips; tips of hind tibiic and their tar.si 
somewhat infuscated; veins light yellowish brown; stigma, costal, and 
subcostal veins lighter, unicolorous. 

One female. Colorado. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 1 have com])ared also 
:i specimen collected at Ithaca, N. Y. (Coll. Corinll I'niv.) 

2(^ Amauronematus excavatus n4>w spe(;ies. 

Vemnh'. — Length 7 mm.; robust; clypeus deeply and circularly 
(Miiarginate, lobes narrow, rounded at tip; walls of (XH'llar basin dis- 
tinctly defined; frontal crest deeply broken by the backward prolonga- 
tiim of the large oval antenmii fovea; antenna' short, fourth Joiitt 
longest; venation normal; stignui rather broad, circular on lower 
margin, widest at middle; sheath acuminate, rather pointed at tip; 
('er<'i short, inconspicuous. Color resinous, darken on thorax and 
vortex; oeellar basin and line connecting posterior ocelli black; veins 
light yellowish brown; stigma and eosta lighter yellowish. 

One female, without lorality label. (Coll, Am. Knt. Soc.) This 
sprt'ics seems to be somewhat internicdiate between the genus to which 
it is n(»w assigned and Ptironm. 

'1\. Amauronematus califomicus new species. 

l'\mnU'. — Length (! mm.; rather robust, shining; clyi)eus distinctly, 
I irciilarly notched, lobes rounded; frontal crest broad, stout, unbroken; 
(ifcllar basin with roumlcd, indistinct latenil walls; lbv«'a indistinctly 
(lelined, cxrending laterally over bases of antenna'; iinteiina' very slen- 
der, (^huigate, tiliform, third Joint longest; venation normal; stigma 
t'longate, narrow; sheath narrow, squarely tnineate at lip; thnvs (evenly 
hut not very deeply <'h'tt. Color light resinous ycll(>w; anteiinii' brown 
aliove; basal Joints darker; <»eelli with very narrow black b«u(ler; two 
l>laek spots Just back of nu'soscutellum; veins light brown; stigma ami 
<'osta light yellowish. 

Two females. Los Angeles, Cal. I). \V.C«)quillett, collecttu-. (Coll. 
n. S. Nat. MuH.) 



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X. Oenus CR(ESnS Leach. 

Crrraus Loach. Zool. Misc.. ill, 1817. p. 129. 

The (liaiacter.s di.'^tinguisliing thi.s genua are indicated in the tiiblu 
of genera. Jt is closely allie<l to both AmanroncmatKs and PieroHusw] 
the characters of the vertex, clyi>ens, and claws. The original des(ii|) 
tions of the two American representatives arc rexiroduced without 
change. 

Croesus latitarsus Norton. 

lS(i2. Crnsiis latHarsimyionnn. Proc. Knt. Soc. rhilii., I, p. 199. 

1S(!7. CnisHS latifantiin'Sortou. Trans. Am. Ent. S«)c. i, p. 84. (Cat., etc., p. r>l.) 

18X1. Cmmis liifitarxiiK I'lickanl. Hull. 7, 1'. S. Knt. Coniin., pp. 129, 184. 

1882. Ciursim ItililaisiiH Vro\;x\iv\wr. Nat. Can., xiil, p. 291. 

1883. Cnr8ii» hitilarsnii Provanclior. Fann. I'nt. Can. Ilym., p. 740. 
188;'). Crusiis I<ititat'xit8i)'mimnv'k. Rsyche, iv, p. 286. 

1888. Cnrniin lalUnrmis .Lack. I'syche, v. p. 41. 

1890. CrnsiiH liilitdrsitH rackard. r)tli Kopt. I'. S. Knt. Conini., p. 485. 

1893. Cra-«i(» /«/i/(/r8H8 Dyar. Can. Knt.. xxv, p. 246. 

1894. Xemaliin (CriiHiin) lalilaraiin Dalla Turr«. Cat. Ilyni., i, p. 233. 

Female. — Antennn- as lon^ a.s luxly, black; body shining, liliio lilack, a crcsrciit 
shaped i'levation Ijitwccn antenna'; ('ly])cns n«)tched; lahrnin, niandihles and i> il|ii 
j»ii'eons; nicsothoiaxwith <'<)nlliient lonjjitiulinal i)iin"tures; legs black, the anti ii"r 
jiair jticcoiis toward tip; posterior trochanters and basal half of all the tibiae vlnti; 
posterior til>i;r cnlaigod and very nmch llattened toward the tip; tirst joint of liirsi 
still. wider, eonijiressed, longer than remaining four joints together, its edges elo- 
vated to a rim on both sides; wings hyaline, a little smoky below stigma; a dot in 
middle of botli second anil third siibmarginal «ells. 

Massachnsetts (Harris's Coll.), I'enn.sylvania (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.). (Smithsonian 
Institution). 

(Three females. ) t/iiiti' rare. Wild cherry Augnst 16. 

Bred by Mr. Walsh from larva- feeding on birch. 

Croesus laticulus Nort(>n. 

isillt. CnrxuHldliciiliin'Soiiou. 'i'rans. Am.Knt.Soc. ii.]>. .'{68. (Cat., etc.. jt. J:".'.; 

18!>l. S'ematuii (CmHitx) hitimhin Dalla Torre. Cat. Ilym.. I, p. 232. 
/V»i«/c.— Length (». 18 inch; black; te>,'nla', a spot on sides of basal plates and <if 
second and third segmt-nts of alidomen wliitish; apex of mandibles ami the legs !-r- 
rnginoiis. with the i\\u\ of liind.T femora, the apical two-thirds of their tibiic and 
the most j>art of the first tarsal joint blackish; antenna- very hmg (0.36 inch), <i"i''' 
slenih^r; each oei-Jlus at tlic head of .a pentagonal basin; a jirotnlteranco bctwirii 
antenna-, nasns inrnrvf<l; some scattered snbob.solete oval pnncturcs on the lumi 
and mesothorax; scntel iiolislicd; plcnra dull, but not punctured; tergum withddi 
cate cross stria-; abdonn-n slender, cylindrical; hinder tibia- one-half huiger tliini 
first and second, somewhat miargi d, twice .-is wide as tin' otliers, witii a deeii ( liiii- 
nel down tlic npiM-r side: all the joints of their tarsi enlarged and llattened. ili.- 
lirst joint, wid.-sl. but not as wide as tibia-, the i)atclla- long and white, the dawn 
with a strong inm-r tooth; wings amjdc. hy.-iline; ncrvnres piccons; stigma blidc 
lirst transverse su'imarginal ncrvnre oiiHub-te. «-xcept its rudiments nt-ar the ncrvi-it; 
second recurrent nc-rvnro received near the transverse nervnro. 

Two females. Massa<-husetls (C(dl. Am. Knt. Soc), Virginia (Pou.body Institnl.-. 
Sulemj- 



87 



XI. Oenus HOLCOGNEME Konow. 

Flolcocneme Konow. Deutsche Kutom. Zeits. xxxiv, 1890, p. 232. 

Body large; clypeiis emarKinato at apex; claws hilul or with subapical tooth; 
head and thorax more or lesH punctured, but little Hhining; sti-^ma ovate at base, 
iiciinunate at apex, black ; posterior tibia- and tarsi thickened, the former deeply 
(liaunelcd exteriorly; hypopygiiim of male emargiuate at apex; sheaths of female 
i<iii!ill, tliickcned. — Konow. 

This genus seems to iiie to be of very doubtful standing. I have 
fttund no American repiesentative.s, and tlic Kuropean examples show 
a tendency toward the preceding form {Crastis) in the enlargement of 
tlie hind tibije and metatarsus. The chief distinguishing character 
of the genus is the grooving of the hind tibiic exteriorly, but this occurs 
to a greater or less extent in practically all Nematids. 

XII. Oenns NEHATUS Jurine. 

NemaluH Jurine. Nouv. Mdth. Class. Ilym., 1807, p. 59. 

The characteristics of this genus, as indicated by the table of genera 
and an examination of the principal European specimens referred to it 
by Konow, are as follows: 

Body robust; antenna' slender, tapering; dypeus more or less cmarginnte; hind 
tiliiic and tarsi simple; claws bifid; hist ventral -.egmeiit of the male cmar^inate at 
tip, not produced or pointed; eighth dorsal segment of male broadly, obtusely trim- 
ciito at tip, not at all produced; sheath of female broad and thick and with the last 
dorsal segment greatly developed und constituting nearly half of the abdomen. 

Konow assigned to this genus the group of species represented by 
the European N&matus lutem Pz., abdominalin Pz., bilineatus Klug., 
and a few others. The very large and thickened sheath, with long 
bordering fringe of hairs and large, thick, acuminately pointed ovi- 
l»ositor, together with the enormously developed lateral clasping por- 
tion of the last dorsal segment, at once distinguish this genus from all 
other Nematines. Nematun nnicolor n. sp. is typical in the features In- 
dicated and exhibits a close relationship with N. lutem Pz. of Europe. 
It IS the only undoubted representative of this genus as restricted 
occurring iu this country. Of the three other American species, two 
(A', pngandei n. sp. and N. chhreus Norton) possess the peculiarities of 
slicath and ovipositor, but lack the unusual development of the last 
segment. The third {N. inexicanus Cameron) seems from the descrip- 
tion to be a true Ncmatns. 

The unusual development of ovipositor and adjoining parts in uni- 
color n. sp. and the European species would suggest some peculiarity 
i»r habit in ovipositing calling for such modification. Notliing in this 
direction seems to be indicated by the habits, so far as known, in the 
ibsence of direct observation on oviposition. The ICuropean species 
teed on Alnus, the larvie resting on the upper surface of the leaves, 



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skeletoni^^ing tliein at lirst and in their later stages eating entirely 
througli. 

Mr. 11. (1. Dyar has described the larva o( nnicolor n. sp. (Trans. Am. 
Ent. Soc, XXII, p. 308), the food-plant being white birch, but in food- 
iug habits agreeing with the Euroi)ean species. 

TABLK OK SI'ECIKS. 

Females. 

Last dorsal iirc of abdomen cnonnonsly developed. 
Claws Itilid. 

Wiiij^s slijjlitly liifnscated baaally; stigma brown basally; dorsnm pale, 

1. vnieolor ii. sp. 
Wings dear; stigma pale; metauotuui and abdomen above black. 

2. mexicatius Cameron. 

Claws with minute inner tooth 3. pontanioidca n. sp. 

Last dorsal iirc not unusually <levelo])ed. 

Ocellar basin with distinit lateral walls and containing two small tubercles. 

4. pcrf/aiKlei n. k)!. 
Ocellar basin vith indistinct lateral walls and without tubercles. 

5. rhloreiia Norton 

1. Nematus unicolor new spe(;ies. 

1895. yemaliix iiiiivohr Dyar. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc., xxii, p. .S08. (Larva.) 

Female. — Lengtli 7 mm.; rather robust, shining; clypeus deeply, 
rather narrowly notched, lobes large, rounded; ocellar basin scarcely 
present, deep furrow coMuecting anterior ocellus with antenna! fovea; 
antenna' slender, scarcely tapering, setaceous, about as long as head 
and thorax, third, fourth, and fifth Joints snbeqnal; intercostal nearly 
at right angles with costa, interstitial or nearly so; third cubital witli 
sides parallel; ]>osterior wings with outer veins of discal cells intersti 
tial, or nearly so; stigma moderately elongate; sheath tapering, pointed, 
and with terminal abdominal segment enormously developed, reprc 
senting nearly half of abdomen ; cerci very long, slender, almost as loni: 
as first joint of hind tarsi; claws rather large, inner ray very distindly 
shorter than outer. Color uniforndy reddish yellow; wing veins and 
siignui yellowish brown; antenna' infuscated basally; ocelli very nar 
rowly margliuMl with black; basai jdates more or less infuscated; Avings 
hyaline, veins brown, stigma and costa yellow, former brown basally. 

Three females, one from Mount Mood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Knt. Soe.), and 
t\v(» reared by INlr. 11. (i. Dyar from larvu^ on white birch collected in 
llreen Valley, Ncw'Vork (Coll. Dyar). 

2. Nematus mexicanus (Jameron. 

18HI. NeitKtliin mcriciuiiiH Ciimeron, 'rnins. London Knt, Soe., p. ISl. 
/'Vm«/c.— Tiivld. lestiKreous; face, sides and apex of al>domen above, and leg- 
obscure livid yellow; antenna-, nietanotum, ami Itack of abdomen except at apex, 
npex of hind tibia', and tarsi IdacU; ant»Mior tibia' inidining to I'nscous; wings 
olear hyaline; eosta and sligina whitish yellow; antenna' Hhorter than the abdo 



men. alu 
center; 
wide; cl 
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third eel 
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licngtl 
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'ntircly "!«•"' iil'»ost glabrous, third .joint a little shorter than fourth; vortex raised in 

renter; Irontal area a deep wide depression; antoniial fovea largo, louf^er than 
wide; clypeiis deeply ineised; palpi fuscous; Avings lougisli ; se.oiul ciiliital eel- 
hile double the length of third, notaugled where the reenrrentncrx urosaro received; 
tiiird cellule a little widened at apex; the second recurrent lu-rviuo received a lit- 
tle ii. front of third transverse cubital; abdomen larger than the head and the 
th(uax together, narrowed toward the apex, its last segment largely develo->od 
above; eorei long; ovipositor long, nearly }ialf the length of ti!(> alidomcu; the 
sheath at apex pilosi;; blotch small ; cerci large, white; claws hi lid, spurs shortish. 
Tiui vertex and nuisonotum are very linely ])i:nctured; on the middle lobe of the 
latter is a central furrow; the extreme iipox of the scutelluni is black, and there is 
a narrow obscure bla<'k line down its center. 

liongth 7 mm. 

Closely allied to tho Kuropean X. ho-moiThoidalis Spin, and fo the \ortli Amen- 
can N. c/(/o)rH,s Norton. The occurrence of a Srmiiiiin ntt far south is of much inter- 
est, this being tho (irst record of that northern genus in Central Ameiica. 

IlahUal : Northern Sonora, Mexico (Morrison). 

Tlio ty\H', of this species Wiis not procurable and the <)ri«>iniil descrip- 
tion is quoted without alteration. 

3. Nematus pontanioides new species. 

Female. — Length 5 mm,; rather robust; clypeus very deeply and 
circularl}^ emargiiiate, lobes rounded; walls about ocellar basin and 
the Irontal (Test rounded, indistinct; vertex smooth, shininji'; antennal 
fovea broad, shallow; antenna; not lonj>er than head and thorax, 
slender, hliform, joints 3, 4, and 5 subequal; second recurrent received 
near second cubital; third cubital cell very elongate, three times as 
lopj; as wide, narrow; stigma broad; sheath large, tapering, sharply 
aciiminate, occupying with overlapping terminal d<nsal sclerite nearly 
one-half of tl«e abdomen; cerci very long, extremely slender, as long 
as basal joint of hind tarsi; inner tooth of claw minnte. Color honey 
yellow and daric brown ; spot in(!luding ocelli and extending to antenna', 
anterior lobe ot nu'sonotum, metanotum, abdomen excejjt last segment 
and sheath, i)leura, and ])ectns brown; antenna' brown, fulv<ms be- 
neath; femora inclined to brownish; coxa; basally dark brown, almost 
bla(!k; wings nearly hyaline; veins yellowish brown; stigma yellowish 
hyaline, darker basally. 

One fenmle. Mcmnt Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 
In character of antenna; and developnnMit of ovi|)ositor and last 
segment of the abdonn'U, Ihis species is closely allied to wn/co/or, but 
di Hers in the structure of the claws. The last segment of tlie abdo- 
men is enormously developed, and the Icnig, shari)ly pointed sheath 
and long cerci may indicate a gall-nuiking habit, whencic the desig- 
nation potiiuu'wiiU'H. The inner loolli of the claw is very minute and 
close to the tip, but in spite of this marked divergence from the char- 
acters of the claw of the genus the features of abdomen and ovipositor 
are so striking as noi to i)ermit of its being placed elsewhere. 



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90 

4. Nematus pergandei new species. 

Female. — Length 7 mm.; exp. al. 15 mm.; very robust, short; head 
not broadened posteriorly; clypeiis broadly, circularly emarginat( ; 
lobes broad, obtuse; frontal crest very large, obtusely rounded ; latersd 
walls of ocellar basin sharply defined; basin filled by two tubercles- 
antennal fovea very broad, shallow; antenna' little longer than head 
and thorax, very slendev, scarcely tapering, joints 4 and 5 sub'^qual, 
shorter than 3; sheath thick, squarely truncate, tubular; venation nor 
mal; stigma ovate at base, tapering rather regularly toward the some 
what truncate apex; claws very deeply cleft, rpys nearly eijual. Color 
luteous, shilling; face below anteinue, orbits, pionotum, most of venter, 
and legs, pallid; dorsal area of head, mesonotum, margin of abdomen 
above, basal half of mesepiniera, and sheath reddish yellow; lateral 
margin of mesonotum, most of metanotum, broad stripe covering dor 
sal center of the segments of the abdomen excejit the last, black; anten- 
na'- brown, fulvous beneath; ocelli ringed with black and a small black 
or brownish spot just at base of each antenna; wings hyaline; veins 
light yellowish brown; stigma and costa yellowish, almost hyaline. 



One female. Washington, 1). (J. 
5. Nematus chloreus Norton. 



(Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 



1807. Xcmntiis clilorcus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,i, p. 221. (Cat., etc., p. 83.) 
1872, NcmaUiH chloreHu Norton. Traus. Am. Knt. Soo., iv, p. 80. 
1888. Ncmaiua chloreus Provancher. Add. Faim. Can. llym., p. 348. 

7'>wm/('.— Length 5 to 5.5 mm. ; very robust; head an 1 thorax finely 
punctured, opaque; clypeus nearly truncate; vertex smooth; lateral 
ridges of ocellar basin not very prominent, rounded ; basin very shallow 
and indistiiKit; crest rather large, rounded; antennal fovea very shal- 
low, indistinct; antenme short, not as long as head and thorax, slender, 
tapering, third joint very little longer than fourth; stigma broad 
basally, tapering regularly nearly to ajiex; apex of costa very greatly 
thickened; sheath thick, short, scarcely projecting, margined with long, 
not very numerous curved hairs; (lerci rather long, slender; claws 
large, deeply notched. Color yellowish ferruginous; mesonotum, mes- 
epiniera, margin of abdomen dorsally, and sheath somewhat inclined 
to reddish; antenna', spot on either side of mesoscutellum, apex of 
same and metanotum ex(;ept metascutum, basal plates and central 
area of abdomen above, black; antenme lighter beneath, especially 
toward apex; veins brown, stigma and costa yellowish. 

Two females froiu Texas, one Norton's type (Colls. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
and Am. Knt. Soc.) 

In general characteristics this s])ecies comes very near Ncmatm per- 
ijandei n. sp., but it is less than one-half the size of the latter, and 
dill'ers in other details. 



I I'l 



1 1 I 



91 



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83.) 



XIII. Genus PACHYNEMATUS Konow. 

Pachj/nematus Konow. Deutsche Entora. Zeits., xxxiv, 1890, p. 238. 

Body short, rather stout; clypeus emarginate "t apex; iuuer tooth of chiw jfen- 
e:aUy minute and at right anghis to outer; antenna' of the male long, more or less 
compressed; female shorter, subsetaceous, usually hlack ; pentagonal area of vertex 
distinct; eighth dorsal segment of the m.xlo, broad, wide at tip; liypopygium sub- 
triangular, produced at apex; sheath of female short, stout. — Konow. 

This genus is characterized chiefly by the sliort inner tooth of chiw 
projecting nearly at right angles with the claw and the emarginate 
clypeus, together with the distinctly developed ridges to the ocellar 
basin (pentagonal area). Its American representatives maybe reaaily 
divided into three well-marked grou|)S. The first is the smaller of the 
three groups and Is characterized by the large, greatly projecting, 
and rounded, flattened sheath of the fenuile. The rest of the si)ecies 
are separated into two well-marked groups by the characters of the 
head and antennae. In one the head is very strongly developed and 
widens notably back of the comi)ound eyes, particularly in the case of the 
females, and with the males the antenn.e are very long, cylindrical, and 
not at all or scarcely compressed. In the other group the head nar- 
rows in both sexes back of the compound eyes, and the antenna' in the 
males are comparatively short, usually robust, and very strongly com- 
pressed. The first of these latter subdivisions, or the second group of 
si)ecies, has a ty[)ical representative in the wheat and grass sawfly 
[Vachynematus cvtensicornis Norton), the habits of which are described 
and illustrated in Insect Life, IV, pp. 174-177, fig. 11. The species was 
then referred to marylandicu.% but it now appears that Norton's earlier 
description of extenskornis was of ^^le male of this species. The close 
similarity of the species in this group in structural chara(!ters suggests 
a like similarity in habits, and we may therefore expect most of them 
to be grass feeders. They rei>resent all sections of tlie country, from 
Maine to California. The third group api)ror.ches very closely in char- 
acters the following genus {Lj/ffcconematus) in that the clypeus is often 
only slightly emarginate, and the separation and reference is therefore 
not entirely satisfactory in all cases. 

TABLK OK snCCIKS. 

Females. 

I. Shoath very large, projecting free at least one-half its length, not or scarcely taper- 
ing, rounded at apex. 
Second recurrent usually interstitial; prevailing color black or dark brown. 
Lobes of clypeus triangular; clypous ami labrum very hairy; venter infiis- 

j-nted 1- dimmorlii Crcsson. 

Lobes broad, rounded; (dypeus and labrum nearly snu)oih ; venter jiallid. 

12. runtlix ("rcsson. 
Second recurrent not interstitial; itrevailiug ecdors yellow or rcainouH. 

3. ocrealiin Harrington. 



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II. Sheath normal, but slightly projecting; tip usually obliquely truncate or taper- 
ing ; head strongly developed and widening back of compound eyes ; second recur- 
rent vein usually interstitial; rather robust species; stigma and coata usually 
hyaline. ^\^^\ fr ,x 

Metanotura moreorless yellow; iiflrgmfi yellow 4. aurc diacm n. sp. 

Metanotum and terguni black. 

Head (except usually a spot about ocelli) and more or less of mesonotmn 
pale. 
Mesonotnm pale or with two or tiiree black spots; body beneath pale 
exce]»t rarely blaiik spot on ])ectus and infuscatod bases of fonior.i. 
Stigma and costa pale; wings liyaline. 

Sheath broad, obliquely truncate; largo species. 

5. extcHHicormH Norton. 

Sheath rather narrow, tapering regularly 6. affitm n. s)i. 

Stigma and costa pale ; wings infuscatod 7. siiadus Crestsoii. 

Stigma and costa dark brown 8. aiiratua n. s]i. 

Mesonotnm mostly black, with one or two pale spots, or sutures pale; 
mesei)imera black, except sometimes lateral light spot; venter more 
0/ less infuscated ; femora and coxa? black basally. 

Mesepimera black 9. tjraminiH n. sp. 

Mesepimera with lateral white spot 10. pleiirieiis Norton. 

Head black; orbits black or strongly infuscated; thorax and abdomen 
black except "sometimes central area of venter. 
Stigma and costa pale. 

Head and thortix with long, dense pubesconso; stigma narrow, 

acuminate ; reddish 8]»ot on mesepimera 11. puhescens n. sj). 

Head and thorax not unusually pubescent; stigma robust; mes- 
epimera black. 
Femora and venter mostly pale ; largo, robust species. 

12. moniiragua n. sp. 
Femora and v.^nter black ; small species. 13. coloradenaia u. sp. 
Stigma brown or black. 

]>abrum, angles of pronotum, and teguLT pale. 

Clypeus black ; bases of femora infuscated. . 14. rohustus u. sp. 

Clypeus with pale tips ; femora pale 1."). clypeatua n, sp. 

Labrum, angles of pronotum, and teguhe black. 

16. aicr McGillivray. 

III. Sheath as above ; head narrowing more or loss back of compound eyes; usually 

slender, elongate, black si)ocios, with brown costa and stigma. 
Sheath narrow, regularly rounded at tip; stigma acuminate; venter pale; 

pectus black 17. nUjropectm Crosson. 

Sheath moderately robust, more or less obluiuoly truncate, tip obtusely 

pointed; stiguui broad, not acuminate. 
Torgum reddish yellow; head coarsely, rugosely punctured. 

18. puncMntua ii. sp. 
Terguiu lilactk, except lateral rufous spot on segments 2 to 5. 

19. abdominaUa n. sp. 
Tergum black. 

Femoiapalo 20. hoodi n. sj). 

Anterior femora pale; hind infuscated at tip 21. corn»</<;r N(U'ton. 

Femora all more or loss infu,scated or black. 

Anterior fomoraliglit basally; basal half posterior tibin> white. 

22. Hiibalhatna Norton. 

Anterior femora infuscatod basally, paling npically ; posterior tibia- 

gradually infuscatoil, more strongly toward tip. 

23. paUirentria CreiSBOXX. 



93 




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8!S011. 

sp. 
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Malta. 

I. (No male repreHciitativos). 

II. Head not narrowed back of compound eye.s, usually expandiu".;; antonniu slen- 

der, not or scarcely compressed, and nearly if not <iuito .is louy as the entire 
insect. 

1. lilack dorsally and ventrally. 

Stlgnui and eosta more or less infuscated. 
Legs, except tibiie and tarsi, black. 

Month paits and orbits black 5. eitenHimrtm Norton. 

Mouth parts and orbits pale (i. «/// his n. sp. 

Legs, except bases of femora, yellow 2\. trilici u. sp. 

Stigma and costa hyaline 2"). a^>(to/i« n. sp. 

2. Venter aud more or less of tergum pale. 

Wings hyaline; stigma brown. 

Head pale, except largo spot on vertex H. aitratiiH n. sp. 

Head black \. aariDitiaciis n, s\). 

Wings strongly in fnscated; stigma and costa smoky.. 26. inj'umatu,^ n.sp. 

;i Head and tliorax mostly yellow ; abdonu;n black, exceit tip; stigma and 

costa hyaline 27. thoracicua n. sp. 

III. Head usually distinctly narrowed back of compound eyes, never expanding; 

antonna\ usually shorter, stouter, and compressed. 

1. lUack, including all of venter. 

Pronotum and teguhe black; legs beyond base of femora yellow, infus- 
cated 28. kvebelei n. sp. 

I'ronotuni, teguhc, and legs reddish yellow 2i). occidenlalia n. sp. 

2, lilack ; venter more or less pale. 

Orbits pale, or head with black limited to spot about ocelli. 

;U). caroUnvnaiH n. sj). 
(►rbits black or strongly infuscated. 

Clypeus deeply emarginate; triangle between antenna' an<l clypens 

white; inner tooth of claw large HI. i"j«Hf/e/t n. sp. 

Clypeus deeply emarginate ; triangle black ; inner tooth of claw minute ; 

stignni very narrow, tapering . 1^1'. miniitua n. sp. 

Clypens broadly emarginatu, approaching truncate; triangle Itlack; 
claws normal. 

Clypeus black ; venter infuscated laterally 20. hoodi u, H\t, 

Clypeus with pale tips. 

Legs pale, except extreme tips of posterior tibia' and their tarsi. 

22. aiihalbatita Norton. 
Legs pale, except tips of hind femora above and apical third 

of hind tibia' aud the hind tarsi 21. coniiger Norton. 

Legs reddish yellow; femora infuscated basally; abdomen 
usually entirely reddish yellow beneath. 

[V,i. iievadiHaia n. sp. 



'3' 



INUKX TO .Sl'KCIEfS OT rACIlYNKMATUS. 



abd(miinalis n. sji. 9 l'-^ 

aHlnis n. sp. ^ 9 <i 

apioalis n. sp. ^ -r> 

ater Mc(Jillivray 9 I'J 

aurantiucus n. sp. i 9 -^ 

auratus n. sp. 9 8 

aureopectus Norton = extensicornis.. 5 

carolinensis n. sp. ^ 30 

dypeatUM n. sp 9 lii 



coloradensis n. sp. 9 13 

corniger Norton ^ 9 i^l 

<linunockii Cressou 9 1 

extensicornis Norton (^ 9 5 

graminis n. sp. 9 ^ 

hoodii n. sp. J 9 20 

infunnitus n. sp. ^ -0 

koebelei n. sp. d -S 

marylaudious Norton -.= oxteusicoru is. 5 



94 



INIJKX TO SPECIES OK 1>A(1IYNEMATI:S— COntillUecl. 






1/ i. 



n\ 






m 



I.I M 



minntns n. sp. c{ 32 

iiioutiviiguH 11. sp. 9 12 

nevadonsis n. sp. J 33 

nigropeetiis Cressoii J 17 

oi'ciilontalis u. sp. ^ 29 

ocieatiia llaniiigton 9 3 

palliveutris Cressoii 9 -3 

pleuricus Norton 9 1*^ 

piibesceusn. sp. 9 li 



pnnctnlatus ii. &p. 9 ll^ 

rohustiis n. sp. 9 1 1 

ruralis Cressoii 9 -~ 

snadiisCresson 9 " 

subalbatiis Norton S 9 i^- 

tlioracicus n. sp. rf--- '-^7 

tritici n. sp. <? 21 

wraugeli u. sp. ^ 31 



1. Pachynematus dimmockii Cresson. 

18!S(). XimatKS dimmockii Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, p. (J. 

Female. — Lcnj>th 8 mm.; exp. jil. 18 mm.; rather robust, elongate, 
.sbining; clypeus deeply emarginate, lobe.s triangular, rounded, and with 
labrum clothed with long hairs; froutal crest and lateral walls of ocel- 
lar basin distinctly but not strongly elevated, tbrmer slightly broken at 
mid<[le; antennal fovea shaUow, indistinct; antenna' slender, as long as 
.lead and thorax, fcmrth Joint nuich longer than third; second recurrent 
vein interstitial with second transverse cubital; outer veins of di.scal 
cells of hind wings interstitial; stigma rather broad, ovate or some- 
what ta])ering; sheath very long, rounded at apex, projecting free one- 
half its length, blades thin and closely applied; cerci long, very sleu 
der, lililbrm ; inner tooth of claw near apex rather broad. Color brown- 
ish black; abdomen lighter, inclined to fulvous; face below antennie, 
upi)er and posterior orbits, pronotuni, teguhe, and legs except bases of 
coxic, reddish yellow, strongly infuseated, particularly posterior tibiie 
and all the tarsi; veins, including stigma, dark brown. 

One female, Cressou's type. Collected by Mr. George Dimmock near 
the sunnnit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. (Coll. Am. Ent. 

Soc.) 

L*. Pachynematus ruralis Cresson. 

1880. .\emalH8 ruralia Crossou. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viir, p. 5. 

Female. — Lengths mm.; head strongly developed back of compound 
eyes; clypeus angularly incised, lobes broad and rounded; ridges 
about anterior ocellus wanting ; pentagonal area smooth, not depressed ; 
antennal fovea shari)ly defined anteriorly; anteunte short, slender, 
Joints 4 and ."i subeipuil and slightly longer than 3; intercostal vein 
nearly interstitial with basal; second cubital and second recurrent 
interstitial or nearly so, as also the outer veins of discal cells of hind 
wings; sheath very priminent, elongate, projecting free one-half its 
length, regularly tapering on both margins to rounded apex, blades 
thin, closely applied; cerci very slender, filiform; inner tooth of daw 
very minute. Color brownish black; orbits except narrow inner mar- 
gins, tiu^e below base of antenme, pronotuni, teguhe, abdomen beueath, 



last dorsa 
less brow 
tibiie and 
veins, incl 

One feu 

■5. Pachyni 

1889. N 
Female. 
what bac 
iiate, lob< 
walls; cr( 
3 and 4 si 
ovipositoi 
tip of ab( 
applied; 
shining r< 
mesonotu 
turn, and 
tibiie bro 

lledesc 
by Mr. H 
species, p 
color the 
and tip o 

4. Pachyi 

Female 

thorax; 

but broa 

raised lii 

lar, disti 

thorax, t 

that the 

moderat 

broad, rs 

inner to 

inner or 

broad s' 

scutellu 

center a 

spondin 

black; < 

na; dar 

veins, e 



I: 



l.s 

II 

')1 






. 31 



95 

lust dorsal segment, sheath, and legs yellowish white, with more or 
less brownish infiiscation ; bases of coxie brown ; femora and tips of 
tibite and tarsi brownish; wings slightly infuscated, nearly hyaline; 
veins, including stigma, brown. 

One female, Oresson's type. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

'•). Fachynematus ocreatus Harrington. 

188!>. Nematus ocreatus Harringtou. Can. Ent., xxi, p. 95. 
Female. — Length S.omm. ; moderately robust ; head expanding some- 
what back of compound eyes; clypeus broadly, rather dee[)ly einargi- 
nate, lobes rounded; ocellar basin wi*^li distinct and broad lateral 
walls; crest strong, unbroken; fovea shallow; antenna' slender, joints 
3 and 4 subequal, fifth somewhat shorter; venation normal; sheath of 
ovipositor very long and large, projecting one-half its length beyond 
tip of abdomen, apex broadly rounded, blades thin, translucent, closely 
applied; cerci very long, slender ; claws with minute inner tooth. Color 
shining resinous yellow; antenna', vSi)ot on either side of lateral lobes of 
mesonotum, apex of scutellum, a few indeterminate marks on metano- 
tum, and narrow border of basal plates brownish black ; extreme tips of 
tibiie brown ; wings hyaline, stigma paler basally, costa yellow. 

Kedescribed from Harrington's type specimen. A specimen reared 
by Mr. Harrington from larva on spruce agrees very closely with this 
species, particularly in possessing the unusually developed sheath. In 
color the legs are a little moie inclined to reddish and the hind tarsi 
antl tip of sheath are distinctly infuscated. (Coll. Harrington.) 

4. Fachynematus aurantiacus new species. 

Female. — Length 9 mm. ; robust; abdomen at middle much wider than 
thorax ; head not narrowing back of compound eyes ; clypeus distinctly 
but broadly incised, lobes broad, rounded; ocellar basin with sharply 
raised limiting walls; frontal crest sharp, unbroken; fovea deep, circu- 
lar, distinctly limited ; antenna? slender, about as long as head and 
thorax, tapering, third joint longer than fourth ; venation normal, except 
that the second recurrent is sometimes interstitial or nearly so; stigma 
moderate, widest at middle, regularly rounded on h)wer margin; sheath 
broad, rather suddenly truncate near apex; cerci slender, not tapering; 
inner tooth of claw obtuse, remote from apex. Color orange yellow; 
inner orbits, head, above antenuie except upper and posterior orbits, 
broad stripe on the anterior and lateral lobes of mesonotum, apex of 
scutellum, postscutellum, spot on either side of cenchri, metascutum, 
center and sides of the basal plates, lower half of mesoepimera, corre- 
sponding sclerite of the metathorax together with spot on mesepisterna, 
black ; extreme tips of posterior tibia' find their tarsi infuscated ; anten- 
na? dark brown above, reddish ferruginous beneath; winc:s hvaline; 
veins, except costa, brown; stigma brown, costa yellow. 



96 



Male.— Length 0.5 inin.; stiuctuially for the most part as in fenuilo; 
lioad not narrowing back of compound eyes; antenna' nearly as lon<; 
as body of the insect, strongly tapering, robust, and somewhat com 
pressed basally; procidentia broad, rounded, not projecting more th;iii 
half its width, strongly keeled. Color black, shining; apex of clyi> 
eus, labrum, palpi, angles of pronotum, teguhe, legs except bases ol 
coxa', venter, and most of tergum yellowish ferruginous; base of tin- 
dorsal segments, particularly of the first and second ami fifth to seventli. 
brownish black; in some si)ecimc:)S all the segments are brownish black 
basally; tips of posterior tarsi and sometimes extreme tips of posterior 
tibia' infuscated; antenme reddish brown; wings hyaline, costal veins 
pah', stigma and veins otherwise brown. 

Four females and live males. Montana. (Coll. Am. Knt. Soc.) 



IS more or 
ments. T 
and uter 
veins reac 
Molr.— 
tural deta 
pound eye 
notched ; 
oodes are 
short, bhu 
eipial; pr« 
hypopygii 
ora, tibiic. 



\l 



5. Pachyuematus extensicornis Norton. 



'til; 



mi 



} 



I'l 



ifry\ 



I'roc. IJost. Soc. Niit. Hist., viir, p. 15'J. 
rro(!. Am. Ent. Soc. riiilii., ui, ]». 7. 
Tiaua. Aiu. Eut. Soc, i, p. 117. (Cat., otf., 



Trans. Am. Eut. Soc, i, p. 197. 



(Cat., etc., 
(Cat., etc., 

p. 185. 



18(J1. Nematnn exlcnsicurnis Norton. 
ISOl. Xi:matna marylandirus Norton 
18(t7. Xcmatm extcnakornis Norton. 

p. r.!).) 

18(i7. XemutHx marylandieits Norton. 

p. 51).) 
1S07. Xematiis aHreo2>vitii8'iiorton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 21!). 

p. 81.) 
1878. Xematns extensk'ornia ProvMnihov. Nat. Can., x, p.54. 
188:5. Ncmalus cxlcnaU'ornis rrovanchcr. Add. Fauu. Ent. Can. Hym. 
181)1. Xcmalas manjlandicus Kiley and Marlatt. Insect liifo, iv, p. 174, tig. 14. 

Female. — Length 7 to 8.0 mm. ; very robust species; abdomen particu- 
larly broad; head very much enlarged back of compound eyes; clypeus 
very shallowly excavated, lobes short, rounded; frontal crest and sides 
of ocellar basin strongly and distinctly defined, the former very minutel> 
notched; antennal fovea extending laterally over bases of antenna'; 
antenna' moderately slender, tapering, joints distinctly defined, 1 and 
li equal; second recurrent vein interstitial with second transverse 
cubital; third cubital cell two ami one-half times as long on lower mar 
gin as wide at base; discal cells of hind wings long, narrow, upper 
usually exceeding the lower; stignui rather broad, oval, not tapering 
more at apex than at base; sheath moderately broad and thick, ob 
licpiely truncate, upper edge nearly straight; cerci rather long, not 
tapering; claws with it very minute inner tooth, about \ of length of 
claw from apex. Color resinous or sulphur yeUow; antenna', Muali 
spot iii'luding ocelli, stripe on lateral lobes of mesonotum, spot on 
either side of and on base of scutellum, metauotuni, tergum except 
narrow lateral margin and the two terminal segments, and sheath 
brownish black; bases of posterior coxa;, apices of their tibije and their 
tarsi, infuscated. There is ordinarily a faint trace of a black stripe 
on the middle lobe of the mesonotum, and in light specimens the black 
markings of the mesonotum are nearly obliterated, and the abdomen 




t'. adult mule 

of tibia' 11 
veins dai 
at center 

llepres 
from lar 
colhicted 
Nat. Mil!- 

«. Pachy 

FemnU 

dilated I 

V6 



97 



is more or less biiiidcd with yellow on tlie i»osti'riur iiuii^iii of (lie se;;- 
iiients. The wiiij;' veins are li.nlit brownish for the most [»:irt; the cost a 
and liter half of subeosta, the stigma, and tiie lyases of most of the 
veins reacldny the body of both foie and hind winys are nearly hyaline. 
Male. — Len,utli <» to 7..") mm.; rather slender, elonuate, shininj?; striie- 
tiirul details in general as in fennile; head not narrowed back of eom- 
l)oun<l eyes; frontal erest is less distinctly laised and more distinctly 
notehed ; antenmc not compressed, almost as loiij;' as the body, and the 
itodes aie distinittly enlarged, angular, clothed with (listiiu;t, rather 
short, black luibeseeiiee, third Joint very robust and third to lil'thsub- 
e(|ual; procidentia very broad, slightly tapering and rounded at apex; 
hypopygium more oi' less excavated at tip. ('oioi' black; tips uf fem- 
oni, tibia', and hypojyygium yellowish, inluseated; tarsi, cerei, and tips 




Fifi. O.—I'achynematusfXtinxii'oniiK: a, cuss i" wlicat -. h, yDiiiii; liirvii-; i\ iiiiitiirc liirvi 
, adult iiiiilc; /, adult Iciniile: a iind //. luitunil Ww.v. (.'to/, riilurm'd. (Imoiu Iiisnt Mtci 



((, i-(K,ot>II; 



of tibia' more distinctly inluseated; p(>sterior orbits tinged with fulvous; 
veins dark brown; stignui and eosta yellowish brown, the former lighter 
at center. 

llepresented by many specimens of both sexes, some of them reared 
fnun larva' taken on wheat in Indiana by Mr. Webster and others 
collected throughout the Northeastern Tnited Stat«!S. (Colls. (J. S. 
Nat. Mus., Am. Ent. Soe., ami Cornell rniv.) 

0. Pachynematus affinis new species. 

Fc'ww/r.— Length o.o to (I mm.; very robust, shining; head greatly 
dilated buck of eyes; <-lypeus very broadly and not deeply excavated, 
13441)— No. 3 7 



il 






i 

|! i 

if » 



I 4 






f 1 ' k 



08 



rl 



P 



m 



,) 



1^ 



\i 



lobes nuinued; vertex louj^hciu'd ; liitenil walls of ocell.ir basin iiTej,ni 
lar, not veiy distinctly raised; frontal crest rather sliarply but not 
strongly developed, unbr(;ken; antennal fovea shallow, extending widely 
over bases of antenna-; antenna- considerably longer than head and 
thorax, very slender, tai»ering, joint 4 as long as or longer than .'5; 
second recurrent interstitial with second transvers*- cubital; upper 
discal cell of hind wings very slightly exceeding lower, venation other 
wise normal; stiguia broad, regularly rounded on lower margin; sheatli 
rather narrow, tapering, straight on upper nuirgin, obtusely pointed; 
cerci long, slender, filiform; inner tooth of claw miniite, remote from 
apex. Color luteous; antenna-, small spot including ocelli, spot on 
lateral lobes of mesonotum, spot on either side and ajtcx of scutelluni. 
postscutellum and central region of metanotum, basal plates, tergiiin 
(except lateral margins and last two segments), and sheath blaci<; 
apical nuirgins of segments yellow in the lighter specimens; extreme 
apices of hind tibia-, the hind tarsi, bases of i)osterior coxa-, and small 
spot bcueat.i anterior wings infuscated; stigma, costa, upper edge ol 
subcosta, and bases of all veins reaching the body hyaline; other veins 
brown. 

Male. — Length (i mm.; not very robust, shining, head expanding 
beyond comi)ound eyes posteri(»rly ; clypeus scarcely enuirginate, nearly 
truncate; vertex roughened; AViills about ocellar basiu rounded, indis 
tinct, basin narrowly excavated at center; antenna! fovea circular, shal- 
low, extending laterally over bases of antenna- ; antenna-, long, tapering. 
cylindrical, basal joints slightly com|»ressed, joints nodose at tip, fourth 
longest; venation nonnal, except that the second recurrent and second 
transverse cubital and the outer veins of discal cells of hind wings art- 
interstitial ; stigma moderately broad, rounded beneath, tapering oi 
acunnnately pointed; lu'ocidentia projecting only about half its width, 
broadly truncate at apex; daws with uiinute inner tooth remote from 
apex. Color black; clypeus, mouth ]>arts, u|»per and posterior orbits, 
apices of femora, the tibia- and tarsi, and extreme apex of abdonven, 
particularly h^ pupygium, yellowish ferruginous, more or less infuscated. 
particularly at apices of posterior til)ia- and all of tarsi; veins brown: 
stigma and costa light brown. 

Eight females and four males. Montana. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 



Fachynematus suadus Cresson. 

18S0. yematHs Hnadns Crt-sson. T. 
188(). Xemaliis nnoduH Pruvanclior. 



ins. Am. Ent. iSoc, \ ni. ]>. 10. 
Add. Faun. Can. Ilyni., p. 21. 



Female. — Length (i.o nun.; very short and robust; head strongly 
expanding posteriorly to compound eyes; clypeus broadly and shal- 
lowly excavated; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin indistinct; 
vertex somewhat roughened; anteumil fovea aln»ost wanting; second 
recurrent interstitial with second transverse cubital; discal cells of 
Jiind wings of about ecpuil length; third cubital cell but little woie 



than twice 
lengtl.i; «ti 
pointed at 
inner tootl 
narrow spo 
mestmotuni 
the bases o 
dish fuscoi 
wings infu.^ 
hyaline. 

Two fem 
Am. Ent. t 

8. Pachyne 

Fcmale.- 

thorax, so 

shining; c 

rounded ; 

lar basiu i 

deep, circi 

mc, anten 

joints ;} t<i 

rent vein i 

and the oi 

iuterstitia 

narrow, si 

apex; inn 

yellow; a 

scutellum 

except m 

ments, ex 

black; ti] 

ing stigm 

Male— 

than mai 

narrowin 

ably con 

rounded 

ami uppt 

narrowly 

entirely < 

posterior 

colored a 

Four f 

This 8 

tics, but 




J-lt- 

liot 
v\y 
111(1 

•>; 

:itli 
Ml: 

Olll 

on 
nil. 
iiiii 



99 

than twice as.lonj;' as wide at l»ast', its upper and lower sides of e(pial 
leiij^tl.i; stigma oval at base, rather acute at apex; sheath narrow and 
pointed at tip, upper edge straigiit: cerci i»rominent, not tapering; 
inner tooth of claw distinct Color siiiiiing honey yellow; antenna-, 
narrow sp(>t connecting ocelli, line on the anterior and lateral lobes of 
inesonoturn, niesopostscutelluni, nietascutuni. center of basal plates, and 
the bases of the first six dorsal segnu;nts IdacU or fuscoi-s; sheath red- 
dish fuscous, almost bhu'k ; tarsi infusi;ated, particularly posterior pair; 
wings infuscated; veins light yellowish brown; stigma and c(»sta nearly 
hyaline. 

Two females, labeled "F. 15."' and "N. II.,' Cressou's types. (Coll. 
Am. Ent. Soc.) 

8, Fachynematus auratus new spe» ios. 

Female. — licngth 8 mm. ; very robust; abdomen very much wider than 
thorax, somciwhat llattened; head strongly ex[)anding back of eyt\s, 
shining; clypeus distinctly but shallowly and broadly emarginate. lobes 
rounded; vertex roughened; frontal crest and lateral walls about ocel 
lar basin rounded, indistinct, basin scarcely excavated; antennal Ibvea 
deep, circular, with lateral channels branching out over bases of anten 
na3, antenna* but little long(U" than head ami thorax, slender, tapering, 
Joints .'} to "» sube«iual; venation normal, except that the second recur 
rent vein is interstitial, or nearly so, with the second transverse «'ubital, 
and the outer veins of the discal cells of the posterior wings are nearly 
interstitial; stigma broad, regularly rounded beneath; sheath rather 
narrow, slightly excavated on upper inaigin, rather sharply jjoiuted at 
apex; inner tooth of claw nunute, remote from apex. Color orange 
yellow; antenna', small spot on vertex including ocelli, central line on 
scutellum and basal half of same, icntral area of metanotum, tergnm 
except narrow lateral margin, apex of sixth and all of terminal seg 
ments, extreme bases of posterior coxa', and the outer margin of sheath 
black; tips of posterior tibia' and their tarsi infuscated; veins, includ- 
ing stigma and costa, except basal third of latter, dark blown. 

Male. — Length 0.5 mm.; much more sleiuler than female, but less so 
than male of marylandieus; structurally much as in female; head not 
narrowing bsick of compouiul eyes; aiitenna' long, slender, not notice 
ably compressed; procidentia large, triangular, ]>rojecting, obtusely 
rounded at tip. Color black, shining; face below antenna', posterior 
and upper orbits, pronotum, tegukc. venter extending over dorsal i'iX'^i', 
narrowly on basal segments and more broadly toward a[)ical ones, legs 
entirely except bases of coxa', yelktwish ferruginous; extreme tips of 
posterior tibia', with tarsi, slightly infuscated; wings hyaline; veins 
colored as in female. 

Four females and two males. Montana. (Coll. Am. ICnt. Soc.) 
This si)ccies is very closely allied to the last in general characteris- 
tics, but is easily distinguished from it, also from extensieoruis, with 



. I 






«.» 



100 






I!?' I 



1 ^ 

1 I 



< 






Ml t 



wiiicli it agrees more nearly in point of size. The three si)eeiet! together 
lorui a very closely allied g'roui>, and doubtless have similar habits. 

1). Pachynematus graminis new si)eeies. 

Female. — Length C.5 mm.; head dilated back of eyes; clypeus emar 
ginate, almost truncate; antennal fovea distinct and breaking slightly 
through the frontal crest, the latter extending indistinctly to the orbits; 
second recurrent interstitial with the secon<l cubital cross nerve; vena 
tion otherwise normal; stigma evenly rounded on lower nuirgin ; 
sheath rather broad, somewhat acuminately pointed, with straight 
upper margin; cerci very slender. Color brownish black; head yellow 
ish, except area about ocelli and bases of antenna"; pronotum, tegula-, 
abdomen beneath, terminal dorsal arcs, anu most of legs yellowish 
white; njore or less of base of scutdlum whitish ; bases of coxa*, extreme 
bases of femora, a|)ices of tii)ia' and the tarsi brownish, or nn)re or 
less strongly infuscated ; wings clear; veins brownish; stigma and costa 
almost hyaline. 

One feunde. Nevada. (Coll. Am, Ent. iSoc.) 

10. Pachynematus pleuricus Noiton. 

1867. XenKttiis pliiirkiinynviou. Tians. Am. Kiit. Soc, i, p. I'OS. (Cut., vUt,, p. 70. i 
Female. — Length (l..~) mm.; rather robust, shining; head dilated back 
of eyes; clypeus rather shallowlyand broadly enirrginate; walls about 
the ocellar basin broad and rounded, crest unbroken, fovea extending hit 
erally over bases of antenna'; antenna' slendei", liliform, joints i and » 
eiiual and hmger than IJ; sheath narrow, tapering, tip obtusely pointed; 
venation nornnd, except that the lir.st cubital is nearly hyaline; claws 
with minute inner tooth. Color black and pallid or resinous; antenna', 
spot on vortex including ocelli and reaching to bases of antenna', large 
si>ot on each of the anterior lobes of mesonotum, apex of scutellum 
with spot on either side, metanotum, torgum except tip, mesei>imera 
except large lateral spot, more or less of base of venter, bases of coxa', 
trochanters, and bases of femora black; extreme tips of tibia', i>articu- 
larly hind pair, and tarsi strongly infuscated; sheath brown; except 
as noted, resinous yellow; wings hyaline; veins brown; stigma and 
costa hyaline. 

Two females. Colorado, C. P. (iillette, collec^tor (('oil. U. S. Nat. 
IMus.), and Idaho (Coll. Cornell Univ.). Norton's tyi)e specimens are 
lost. 

11. Pachynematus pubescens new species. 

Female. — Lengths mm.; robust, shining; head dilated back of eyes; 
clypeus broadly, shallowly notched; ocellar basin rather indistinctly 
detined, crest low, unbroken; antennal fovea triangular; head very 
coarsely roughened with small elevations ami, together with thiu-ax, 
densely clothed with long whitish pubescence; antenna' slender, joints 



:1) 

11 



It 



101 

4 an»l a subeqnal, lonjiPv tlian .'»: sheath short, tai»(M'in{j. obrnsoly 
pointed; claws witli minute inner tooth; venation nornnjl. except that 
the seeoiM I recurrent is interstitial with the second cubital: sti<iina very 
narrow and acuminate. Color black; tips of clypeus, mouth parts, 
extreme anyles ot i)ronotnm, tejiuhc, tip of abdomen excei)t sheath, and 
outer hall' of femora reddish yellow; tibia' j^ale yellowisli; tarsi sbjihtly 
inl'useated; sides of mesei)iniera sli;;htly reddish; winjis hyaline, veins 
dark brown; costa and stifi'iaa hyidine. 

Two females. Mount Washinjiton, X. II. One labeled as havinp: 
been taken at an elevati(m of about (»,(MK> feet, .lidy !», 1S!>1. (Toll. 
Cormdl Univ.) 

12. Pachynematus montivagus new species. 

Fvmalv. — Length <S mm.; robust; head dihited back of eyes; Inad and 
thorax oi»a(|ue from rather line and dense puncturing, tojiether with very 
sluu't and inconspicuous ]mbescence; clypeus broadly and shallowly 
en)ar^inate; i)enta}i'oi>aI area distinctly detined, hit(Mal walls sharp, 
minute; crest unbroken, not prominent: fovea oval; antenna' short, 
slender, taperinj;, joints .'3 arid 4 sube(pial; sheath short, taperinii; claw 
with short inner tooth; venation noinial, exceid that secioiul lecurrent 
is interstitial witii second cubital; stifjnja broad, rounded beneath, 
scarcely tapering;. (>>hu' black; labrum, anj>h^s of ])i'on(>tuin, te<>nla', 
extrenu' tip of abdomen, venter for the most part, and leiis yellowish, 
iindined to reddish on femora.; c^oxa* ex(!e]>t tii)s and extreme bases of 
fenuua infuscated; tips of posterior tibia' and their tarsi browin'sh; 
abdomen with brownish s])ots beneath, noticeably at base; winys 
hyaline, or nearly so; veins brown; stijuina and costa light yellowish, 
almost hyaline. 

One female. Mount \Vashin,ijton, N. II. (Coll. ('<n'nell Univ., 
This sjH'cies resembles the precediiiji!,' in si/(^ and you'ral chaiacteris- 

tics, but diverpjes notably in the character of the stigma and pid»escen<'e 

of lu^ad ami thorax. 



I; ' 



V,\. Pachynematus coloradensis new s])ecies. 

Femah: — Length mm.; moderately robust, shining'; head dilated 
back of eyes; clypeus broadly, <',ircularly ennirginate; i»entagonal area 
distinctly defined, but walls nmnded; crest low, unbrokc'ii; fovea 
shallow, extiMiding over bases of antenna'; antenna' slender, tapering-, 
joint 4 slightly longjer than 3; venation nornnd, except that the second 
recurrent is nearly interstitial with secoml <'nbital: stigma rounded, 
scarcely tapering'; sheath obliquely tapering on lower margfin, point e<l; 
claws with minute iniuM- tooth. Color black, shining; i)osteri(U' orbits, 
mouth parts incliulinj? Iii)s of clyp«'us, angles of pronotum, teguhe, 
tip of abdoujen exce|)t slseath, outer third of femora, and the tiina' 
and tarsi pallid more or less infuscated, i)articularly tarsi and orbits; 



I 



i:^ 



102 



m 



i \ 



l;l ' 



wingK liyalin*', or nearly so; veins lijjiit brown; stijjma and costa pale, 
nearly hyaline. 

One female. Colorado. C. I*, (lillette, collector. (Coll. U. S. Nat. 

Mus.) 

11. Pachynematns robustus new species. 

FcnuiU'. — Lenj'tli (J nini.; short, very stont; head dilated bad: ol 
eyes; clypens rather shiillowly but distinctly emarffinate; frontal cresi 
well defined, nid)roken; antennal fovea j'ircular, deep; head very 
coarsely an<l rnj>osely jiunctared; anteinne very slender, elongate. 
Joints ;» iind 4 snbequal; interco.^ il more than twice its length anterioi' 
to basal vein; second recurrent interstitial or nearly so with second 
cubital, venation otherwise normal; stigma large, widest near base; 
sheatli robust, sliglitly acunnnate toward apex; cerci long, filiform. 
(/<dor bla(!k; labrum, angles of pronotum, teguhe, more or less of the 
ventral segments of abdomen, the apex of the last dorsal segment, and 
legs for the most ]»art liglit yellowish brown; coxa' basally strongly 
infuscated: femora, apices of tibia', and the tarsi dark brown; wings 
liyuliue; veins iiiid stigma brown; costa. yellowish. 

One feiuiile. iMontana. (Coll. Am. TiUt. So(\) 

ir». Pachynematus cljrpeatus new species. 

Fvmalr. — rjcngth r»..~> nun.; somewhat elongsite, shining; head rather 
coarsely punctured, widening notic«?ably ba(dc of compound eyes: 
clyi)eus not very deeply i'lnargiuiite, loV)es short, rounded; ])entagonid 
arcii distinctly defined, walh not very sharply raised; fovea shallow; 
<;rest low, unbrtdcen; aiitennie rather slender, fourth Joint a little longer 
than third; sheath tiipering. somewhat obli(piely truncate toward tip; 
venntion normal, except that the second recurrent is interstitial witli 
second cubital; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin; claws witli 
ndnute inner tooth. Color black; sjuall s|)ot beneath bases of antenuic. 
til>s of clypens, Inbruni and other mouth parts, outer half of jn'onouuni. 
teguhe, legs, and venter of idtdomen yellowish; posterior margins (»l 
dorsal segments, espe<'ially basal ones, pale, togetliei- with all of tlic 
terminal segment; bases of coxie, extreme tii)s of posterior tibia', and 
the postericM- tarsi brown: bases of femora slightly infuscated; sheatli 
brown; wings nearly hyaline; veins and stignni light brownish; pos 
terinr orbits veddish, strcmgly lnfus(!ated. 

Two females. Moidana. (C(dl. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

HI. Pachynematus ater IMcCiillivray. 

ISiW. Menm aim Mrdlillivmy. (!an. Kiit.., xxv. p. 2',\H. 

/'Vwff/r.— licngtlH* mm.; r<d)ust, shining, somewliat duller on head 
frcun rather dens«' imn<'tuatif»n; head dilated back of eyes; clypens very 
broadly and shallowly notched; «»(;ellar basin distinctlv linnted, wall- 



103 

roniided, crest Hlifjlitly broken; fovoii shallow (antenna' wantini?); vena- 
tion normal, except that the scoontl recurrent is interstitial with the 
second cubital; stif^nia broad, rounded beneath, soniew'hat acuininately 
pointed; inlaws with minute inner tooth. Color black, including mouth 
parts, pronotum, and teguhe; tips of coxic, trochanters, tips of femora, 
the anterior til)ia', and the tarsi pallid, strongly infuscated; veins, in- 
cluding costa and stigma, dark brown; wings nearly hyaline?, slightly 
smoky. , 

One female, McGill'vray's tyi)e, <)lymi)ia. Wash. Trevor Kincaid, 
collector. (Coll. ('t!>nell Univ.) 

17. Pachynematus nigropectus Cresson. 

1X80. Xeiiintiifi niiji-opcetiin OrosHoii. Tniiis. Am. Kiit. Soc,., viii. p. Ct. 
Female. — Length S nun.: moderately robust, glistening; clypeus very 
gently emarginate; frontal crest and lateial margins of ocellar basin 
distinctly but not st ongly develoi)ed, forniei- uid)roken; antennal foveti 
deep, expanding broadly posteriorly; antenna- slender, filiform, joint 4 
longest, 5 longer than .'i; viMuition normal; stigma very broad, ovate, 
somewhat acuminate at apex ; sheath narrow, regularly rounded at apex; 
cerci very narrow, not tapering; inner vhxw tooth rather large, sharp. 
Color for the most part lutcims; fa(M' and upper and posterior orbits 
])allid; antenna', vertex and o(rci|>ut, i)rosteinum, mesonotum, metano- 
tum, broad stripe on dorsal s(;lerites of ab(h)men except last, basal half 
of mesepimera (i)ectus), and the metepisterna black; tip of sheath and 
tips of posterior tibia', the jiosterior tarsi, and the anterifU' tarsi to a 
less extent, infuscated ; veins, iiutluding stigimi and the <;osta nearly 
to base, brown; wings slightly infuscated, almost hyaline. 

One female. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Va\\. Soc.) 

IS, Pachynematus punctulatus n<'w species. 

Fi'tnalc. — Length 0,5 r II ni.; rather robust, lu'ad and thorax strongly 
pumitured and somewhat opa(iue; clypeus, labrum, and pleura' with 
rather long ami denser yellowish hairs; clyjjeus shallowly emarginate, 
lobes broad and rounded ; frontal crest and elevated ridges about ante 
rior ocellus ])rominent, former unbrol<en; antennal fovea broad, oval; 
second recurrent interstitial or received in third <mbital cell; second 
cubital cross vein two-thirds as long as thiid ; upper middle (lell of hind 
win'4'S very little exceeding 1ow(M'; stigma broad, rounded on lower 
nmrgin, widest at center; sheath broad, truncate; (-erci moderately 
slender, tapeiing; inner tooth of claw slnut, obtuse. Head and thorax 
for most part, basal plates, base of tirst dorsal segment, slu^ath, and 
extreme bases of coxa' brownish black; up|)er orbits and some marks on 
dorsum of thorax, including most of scntellum, reddish; triangle below 
antenna', tii>s of clypeus, hibriim, pronotum, tegula', h'gs, and abdomen 
including cerci reddish yellow; extrenu' tips of p«»sterior tibia' and the 



/;' 



/ 

; 1 



"■SI 



I 

I 



i 



104 

posterior tarsi slij>htly infiiscatod; veins ami stijiina lijjlit brown; costa 
yellowisli. 

« 

One tonialci. Ni'w llanipshiri'. (Coll. Am. Hnt. Soc.) 

10. Pachynematus abdominalis new sjjotMes. 

Female. — IjOiijU'tli. '>.■"» mm.; robust, shinin*;'; lioad o1)s<'uro(l by dense 
tmnctnatiou; (Hypciis nearly traneate, scarcely emar.uinatt'; oeellar 
basin indistinctly <lelin<'d, lateral walls almost obsolete; frontal crest 
low; fovea oval (ttntenujc wantinji); slieath short, oblicpiely truncate 
at apex; stiyina le^ularly rounded beneath, not very broad; venation 
normal; claw with ]ar<>e, prominent inner tooth near apex. Color 
black; clypeus whitish; pronotum, tefruhe, an«l Icjis re<ldish yellow; 
r.arsi brown; s])ot on either side of terjium, extending' over segments 
2 to r>, reddish yellow; venter of abdomen with yellowish central strijie 
and more or less yellow toward tip; tii)s of posterior tibia' and the pos 
terior tarsi infus<!ated: winjis smoky; veins, inchidinii' stijiina, brown. 

One female. Skokomish Hiver, Washington, May 14, 1802, Trevor 
Kincaid, collector. (Coll. Cornell I'niv.) 

20. Pachynematus hoodii ne\\ s])ecies. 

Female. — Leuiu'th 0.r> mm.; very short, I'obust; clypena shallowly an<l 
broadly emarginate; frontal crest stronjily (level »pcd,nid)rok<Mi ; anten- 
nal fovea circular; antenna' lonj>, slender, Joints.'i and 1 subeqnal; vena 
tion normal ; stigma broad, eveidy rounded ; sheath broad, oblicpiely trun- 
cate at ai)ex; cerci rather robust; claw with minute inner tooth. Cv>lor 
black, shining; labrum, bases of mandibles, i)alpi, angles of ])ronotum, 
tegida', venter of abdomen, terminal dorsal segment, and the legs light 
yellowish; extreme bases of coxa' and the sheath dark brown, almost 
black ; hind tarsi dark brown ; wings slightly in fuscatcul, almost hyalim^; 
veins, including stigma and costa, dark brown. 

Male. — Length 5 mm.: head narrowing ba<;k of com])ound eyes; 
anttMina' very large and long, compressed; i»ro(Mdentia. narrow, not 
strongly jn'odnced, I'onnded at apex, ('olor as in female, excei)t that 
the light areas are inclined to yellowish brown, with the venter of the 
abdomen decidedly brownish. 

One femah' and live males. Mount ITood, Oregon, and Washington. 
(Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

21. Pachynematus corniger Xort(m. 

IStil. .\Vm«7»(»t oorHiV/n'Nortiiii. I'roc. Host. Soc. \nt. lliHt.. vm. p. ir»!». 

IHfiT. XcmnliiH onniigcr Xortoii. 'I'raiis. Am. lint. S<>( ., i, ]». l!lit. (i'ni., vU'., )». (il.) 

1H7S. Xviiiatiis riiniiticr I'rnvaiii'licr. \iit, (^mii.. i, jt. ."i."!. 

lSS;t. Sviiiiihis coniiticr I'roviiiiolio; . I''iiini. I'.iit. Ciiii. livin.. )). 1HI 

Female. — Length (! to 7 mm.; moderately robust; clyi)ens shallowly 
incised, approaching truncate; veilex fnn'ly tid»erculate; lateral walls 



of oeellar 1 
posteriorly ; 
nearly to or 
antenna'; 
(!Ostal eross 
slightly inc 
transverse 
larly ronn( 
obliquely ti 
long, scarce 
Color bla(!l 
third of jirc 
exeei>t extr 
of tarsi, vei 
ment and s 
more or les 
nlarly hind 
except bas< 
Male.—h 
lemale; an 
dentiaronv 
black; tip^ 
of abdomei 
terior tibia: 
infuscated 

Seven IV 
shire, Peni 
(Coll. V. S 

22. Pachyn 

isr.i. A'< 

1S67. N< 

p. r.i. 

187S. .V 

1S8:$. .V( 

Female. 

pp.ictured 

h)bes rou 

broken al 

but not f 

riorly inti 

an<l thorn 

normal, e 

second tr 

apex ; sh 

upper jufi 



■m 



lOf) 



of ocollar basin very minutely but slinvi>ly raised, bocoininy obsolete 
posteriorly: frontal crest acutely elevated, auijulated, and extendiu}; 
nearly to orbits: antennal fovea broad, exteiulin^ laterally over bases of 
antenna'; antenna* long, slender, third Joint I'^uyer than fourth: inter- 
(!Ostal cross nerve nearly twice its length anterior to basal nerve, 
slightly inclined; .second recurrent interstitial, or nearly so, with second 
transverse cubital: venation otherwise normal: stigma broad, regu- 
larly rounded beneath; sheath broad, straight on ui)i)er maigin, 
obliquely truncate at apex, bordering hairs minute, scattering; cerci 
long, scarcely tapering; inner tootli )f claw snnill, remote from apex. 
Color black, shining; apex of clypeas ami other mouth ])arts, outer 
third of ]»ronotuni, teguhc. anterior ] airs of legs entirely, posterior ])air 
excei)t extreme bases of coxa' and apices of femora and of tibia- and iill 
of tarsi, venter (►f abchunen excejtt overlapping sides of last dorsal seg- 
ment and sheath, very narrow lateral margin of abdonuMi dorsally, and 
more or less of ai)ex of all segments yeHowish white; femora, partic- 
ularly hind pairs, more or less inclined to reddish: stigma and veins, 
except base of costa and slightly at apex, brown. 

Male. — Length 5 to ."i.amm.; structurally fVu' the most i)art as in 
lemale; antenna' very broad or strongly cominessed, ta]»ering; proci 
dentia rounded at apex, not constricted basally, strongly keeled. (l(dor 
black; tipsof clypeus, mouth i>arts, angles of ])ronotum, teguhc, v(U)ter 
of abdomen, and legs except extreme bases of coxa* an<l apices (tf pos 
terior tibia' and tarsi of same, yellowish feiruginous; venter of abdomen 
infuscated laterally, and sometimes more or less entirely. 

Seven females ami three males. Canada, New Jersey, New ITamj)- 
shire, rennsylvania, and Illinois ((Joll. Am. Knt. Soc), and Cohuado 
(Coll. IT. S. Nat. Mus.). 

22. Pachynematufl subalbatus Norton. 

IHtit. Xematun mthalhahis Xortoii. I'roc. Knt. Soc I'IiUm., iii, \k 7. 

1S67. Nimatus .•luhnUxihis Norton. 'IVaiis. Am. I'.iit. Soc, i, )>. \W. (('.it U'., 

p. 01.) 
1878. Xrmaliin fiiihdihntiis I'rovanchor. Nat. Can., x, p. "il. 
188:{. XeiiKihiH xiihtillKiiiin I'roviinchcr. Fann. Kn(. Can. Il.vni.. ]). 181, 

/.VMifl/(.._Length S mm.; rather elongate: head densely and (closely 
pp Pictured or rugose; clypeus distinctly but not deeply cmarginate, 
h)bes rounded; front'.il crest very .strongly develoi>cd, very slightly 
broken at center, not reaching orbits; sides of (tcellar basin distinct, 
but not stnmgly elevated; anteniml fovea distinct, broadening i)oste- 
riorly into a suture beneath frontal crest; antenna- longer than head 
and thorax, moderately robust, tapering, third Joint longest; venation 
nonnal, except that .second recurrent is interstitial, or nearly so, with 
second tran.svers«' cubital; stigma broad, scarcely tapering, until near 
apex; .sheath rather broad, rounded, truncate at ai)e\, straight on 
upper margin; <'erci rather stout, tapering; inner to<tth of claw minute, 



i^ 



^, 1^ " 



I' * 



'ii 



100 



it 

li 



\i\ 



t 



remoto from apox. Color black; tips of clypeiis, labriim, angles of pro 
iiotnin, tojiiila', coxa' excci)t bases, trochanters, bases of femora and 
tips of anterior i)airs, tibia' except tips of posterior pair, anterior tarsi 
and venter except laterally nt base and apex pallid; palpi fuscous; 
slieatli and cerci black; stigma and veins dark brown, except base ot 
<!Osta, which is lighter, 

Male. — Length 0.5 aim.; slender; head much iiarrowed back of com- 
pound eyes; structurally for the most part as in female; antenna' largo 
.iii^ strongly comi)ressed, tapering; procidentia short, narrow, trun 
crtte. Color black; tips of <'lypeus and mouth parts otherwise, angles 
of pronotum, venter and legs excei»t extreme bases of coxa', extreme 
tips of posterior tibia', and all i)osterior tarsi yellowish ferruginous: 
venter more or less infuscated laterally and apically (in a specimen from 
Michigan altogether dark fuscous). 

Three females and two males. Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and 
Michigan. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and T. S. Nat. Mus.) 

The reference of the males to this species is made with considerable 
doubt oil general resemblance and correspondence in habitat. 

2.i. Fachynematus palliventris (jresson. 

18S0. Nnnatits paJlirciitris ('rosson. Tr.ans. Am. Eut. Soc, viii, p. 5. 
18!ll. NcmaiKH paUidircnIrnlia Diilla Torro. Cat. ITyni., i, p. 248. 

Ffmalc. — Length mm.; moderately robust, sliining; head as wide as 
thorax, (luadrangular, vertex tuberculate; clypeus broadly and gently 
emarginate; frontal crest distinctly elevated, unbroken, extending 
nearly to orbits; sides of ocellar basin rounde<l, not strongly raised, 
indistinct; anteiinal fovea large, circular, deeply excavated; antenna' 
longer than head and thorax, rather .slender, taparing, joint 3 longest: 
venation normal; stigma robust, broadest about middle; sheath rather 
slender, somewhat ])ointed at ti}), dorsal margin nearly straight; cerci 
minute, liliform; inner tooth of claw miiuite, obtuse, remote from apex, 
('olor black; labrum, bases of mandibles, angles of pronotum, teguhc, 
coxa' except bases, trochanters, tibia' of anterior pairs of legs and 
their tarsi, and venter of abdomen yellowish, inclined to pallid, espe- 
cially on abdomen; femora brown, posterior ones darkest; posterior 
tibia' and tarsi decidedly infuscated, especially tips of the tibia' md 
the tarsi; more or less of the dorsal segments arc narrowly yellow m 
the posterior margin and the lateral edges are yellow, also base i)f 
l)ygidium, including cerci; sheath black; wings hyaline; veins, includ- 
ing costa and stigma, brown. 

One fennile, Cresson's type. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

24. Fachynematus tritici new specnes. 

Mah: — Length T).,'") mm.; not very robust, head not narrowing back 
of comiMHind eyes; clypeus rather dee[>ly, so\ne\vhat angularly em.argi- 



nate, lobes 1 

very strong 

antenna' hu 

compressed 

than broad, 

rather narr 

interstitial 

01 not twic 

wings intei 

at apex. C 

upper and 

apex of ab 

apices of c 

light fulvc 

costa yelh 

One ma] 
Webster; 

25. Fachyi 

Malr.—] 

rowed bai 

walls abo 

circular; 

joint long 

base, verj 

venation 

nearly so 

cells of li 

near bast 

remote fr 

and post( 

tibia' and 

stigma ai 

ish, almo 

Two ni 

20. Fach; 

Malc- 
narrowii 
almost t 
antenna 
defined; 
what c< 
truncati 
tr.oth. 
pronotu 



,v 



va 

lIHl 

jrsi 
lis : 

01' 

Im- 

m 

lies 
ino 
IS: 



»i(' 



107 

nate, lobes broad, roniidod; iVoiital ciost and sidt^s of o(!ellar basin not 
very strongly elevated, distinct; antenna! ^ovca very shallow, broad; 
antenna' longer than head and thorax, rather robust and tapering, not 
eonipressed, loints 4 and 5 subeqnal, longer than 3; i)ro(;identia longer 
than broad, squarely truncates at apex; hypopygiuni strongly produced, 
rather narrow, and very slightly eniarginate at apex; second recurrent 
interstitial or received at base of third cubital cell, which is scarcely 
or not twice as long as wide at base; outer veins of discal cells of hind 
M'ings interstitial, or nearly so; stigma broad at base, tapering roundly 
at.apex. Color black, shining; triangular spot below antenna', labrum, 
upper and posterior orbits, palpi, outer angles of ])ronotum, tegnla', 
apex of abdomen, hypoi)ygium and more or less of venter laterally, 
apices of coxa>, trochanters, femoia cxcci)t bases, tibia' except apices, 
light fulvous; tips of tibia', the tarsi, veins, ami stigma infuscated; 
costa yellowish on basal half. 

One male, roared from a larva collected on wheat in Indiana by F. M. 
Webster; adult issued A])ril 22. (Coll. I ■. S. Nat. Mus.) 

2r>. Pachynematus apicalis new s])(M^ies. 

jMalr. — Length 7r in. ; very slender, elongate, shining: head not nsir- 
rowed back of com])Ound eyes; clypeus very shallow ly eniarginate; 
walls about ocellar basin distinctly raised, rounded; ant<'nnal fovea 
cin'ular; antenna' very long, slender, tajiering, not com])ressed, fourth 
joint longest, all joints distinctly nodose at tip; procidentia broad at 
base, very long, tapering suddenly at tij), which is obtusely roumled; 
venation normal, excei)t that the secoiul recurrent is interstitial, or 
nearly so, with the second transverse cubital; outer veins of discal 
cells of hind wings are also nearly interstitial; stigma broad, widest 
near base, tapering regularly to apex; imu^r tooth of claw very nnnute, 
remote from apex of claw, t'olor black ; tips of clypeus, labrum, u]»i)er 
and posterior orbits, angles of pronotum, teguhe, apical half of fetnora, 
tibia'! and tarsi, and apical segments of abdonu'u yellowish ferruginous; 
stigma and costa and all veins reaching the body basally light yellow- 
ish, almost hyaline; other veins brown. 

Two nmles. Montana. (Coll. Am. Hut. Soc.) 

2(». Pachynematus infumatus new species. 

Male. — Length S mm.; robust, head not nearly as wide as thorax, not 
narrowing back of compound eyes; clypeus very slightly emarginate, 
almost truncate; vertex lugosc; walls about ocellar basin indistiiu!t; 
antennal fovea extending laterally over bases of an enna', indistinctly 
defined; antennas much longer than head and thorax, tapering, sonuv 
what com])ressed basally; luocidentia v<>ry broad, tapering, scpiarely 
truncate at apex, not keeled; venation normal; claws with miiuito inner 
t;)oth. Color black ; labrnm, uitper and i)osterior orbits, outer angles of 
proimtum, teguhe, outer two-thirds of femora, tibia' and tarsi, abdomen 



' 



J' 









^■1 



108 



b 



except base of iirst segment dorsally, yellowish ferrn<>- incus; the tarsi 
and the extreme apices of the posterior tibia', pronotum, and teguhe arc 
distinctly infascated; veins yellowish brown, stigma and costa lighter, 
but distinctly infascated; wings distinctly smoky, especially centrally; 
sniall si)ot in center of the median and of the second cubital cell. 

One male. Agricultural College, Mich. (Coll. V. S. Nat. iNIus.) 

27. Pachynematus thoracicus new species. 

Mah>. — Length (> mm.; lather robust, head expanding back of (com- 
pound eyes; aiitennic slender, cylindrical, filiform, not compresse«l; 
clypeus broadly emarginate, lobes rather i»ointed; pentagoiml ridges 
sharply raised; antcnnal fovea divari(!ating over bases of antenna' ; 
second recurrent and' second ( ubital and outer veins of discal cells of 
])osterior wings interstitial ; stigma broad; claws with very minute 
inner tooth; i)rocidentia very broad, protruding, tapering to roundly 
truncated ai)e\. Color luteous ferruginous; antenna', triangular spot 
ben«'a(h, large spot on vertex extending nearly to base of antenna' and 
posteri(niy to occiput, center of lateral lobes of mesonotuni, small 
spot at aju'x of scutellum, (central area of metanotum, in(duding all of 
basal plates and the abdomen dorsally and ventrally exce])t apex, 
black; thorax beneath and legs entirely y(dlowish ferruginous; wings 
hyaline; veins light brown; costa and stigma yellow, nearly hyaline. 

One male. Montana, ((^oll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

In charact(ns of head and antenna' and notably also in colorational 
features this species agrees with renuirkabie closeness with the female 
ni' (((finis, an<l departs just as widely in these ])articulars from the male 
of that species. There is a possibility, therefore, that it is a hermaph 
rod i tic form. 

28. Pachynematus koebelei new si)ecies. 

^[^11e. — Length mm.; slender, elongate; head not expanding back 
of (compound eyes, or slightly narrowed ; clyjieus shallowly emarginate; 
vertex roughened with minute, dense tubercles; ocellar basin with indis- 
tinct limiting walls; frontal crest low and scarcely developed; antennal 
fovea circularly, deeply excavated; antenna' longer than head and tho- 
rax, tapering, strongly cimipncssed. Joints .'3 and 4 8ul)e<iual; proci 
dentia narrow. ])rotruding nearly twice its width, strongly keeled, 
rounded at apex; hypopygium very obtusely rounded at apex, short; 
claws with minute inner tooth remote from ai)ex; venation nornnil; 
stigma mod(M'ately broad, widest at center. Color black, shining; 
apical half of femora, tibia', and tarsi reddish ferruginous, more or less 
infuscated, i)articnlar1y extreme tips of jxisteiior tibia' and their tarsi; 
veins dark brown, almost black, including stignni and costa. 

One male. Oregon. ((3oll. IT. S. Nat. Mus.) 



20. Pachynem 

lug back of c 

antenna' sh( 

fovea deep, ( 

rounded; ve 

elongate, tin 

very broad, 

Color black, 

of pronotuii 

extreme tip 

iufuscated ; 

Two male 

30. Pachyne 

Male. — 1^< 

clypeus bro 

with distin( 

fovea oval, 

basally, pi" 

cell very sh 

interstitivd; 

orbits, fact 

spot n upi 

l)Osterior t 

stigma, bri 

Three m 

31. Pachyi 

Male.—^ 

of compoi 

rounded a 

but not st 

iiall'ovea^ 

slightly c 

upper dis 

tia scarce 

stricted I 

claw larj 

beneath i 

coxie, trt 

terior fei 

giving a 

costa to 




SI 



109 

20. Pachynematus occidentalis new species. 

Male. — Leiiytli G iniu.; rather slender, eloiigiite; Ueiid sliylitly narrow 
ing back of compound eyes; dypeiis broadly and shallowly emarj-inate; 
antenna' short, stout, stron«;ly compressed; crest rounded, unbroken; 
fovea deep,obloiig-, somewhat constri(!ted medially; procidentia broad, 
rounded; venation normal, except that the third cubital cell is (juite 
elongate, the sides but slightly divarieatiug; stigma robust; antenuic 
very broad, flattened, and- not nuich longer than head and thorax. 
Color black, shining; extreme apex of (^lyjieus, labrum, pait of angles 
of pronotum, teguhe, and legs light reddish brown; coxa', except 
extreme tips, black; tips of jmsterior tarsi brownish; wings slightly 
iufuscated; veins and stigma dark brown. 

Two males. Washington. (Coll. Am. Eut. Soc.) 

30. PachynematUb carolinensis new species. 

Male. — Length 5 mm.; head iruich narriiwiul back of compound eyes; 
clypeus broadly, circularly emarginate, lobes triangular; ocellar basin 
with distinctly ilefined limiting ridges; frontal crest strong, unbroken; 
fovea oval, shallow; antenna^ elongate, tapering, slightly compressed 
basally; procidentia narrow, produced, truncate at apex; third cubital 
cell very short, (quadrate; outer cross veins of discal cells of hind wings 
interstitial; stigma regularly rounded on lower margin. Color black; 
orbits, face beneath antenna", mouth parts, pronotum, teguhc, large 
spot .n upper half of mesepimera, venter, and legs yellowish resinous; 
posterior tarsi slightly iufuscated; wings hyaline; veins, including 
stigma, brown. 

Three males. North Carolina. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

31. Pachynematus wrangeli new species. 

Male. — Length (> mm.; rather slender; hea<l distinctly narrowed back 
of compound eyes; clypeus rather deeply incised, lobes medium, 
rounded at apices; vertex shining; walls about ocellar basin distinctly 
but not strongly raised, rounded; frontal crest slightly broken; anten- 
ual fovea very distinct, clearly defined, circular ; antenna' long, tapering, 
slightly compressed basally, fourth joint distinctly longer than third; 
upper discal cell of hind wings very slightly exceeding lower; prociden- 
tia scarcely i)rqjecting, nearly squarely truncate at apex, slightly con 
stricted basally; hypopygium distinctly notched at tij); inner tooth of 
claw large, remote from apex. Color black, shining; triangular spot 
beneath antenna', lower orbits, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguhc, 
coxie, trochanters, all of anterior legs, more or hrssof underside of pos- 
terior femora, and the venter yellowish white, more or less iufuscated, 
giving a grayish aspect to the lighter-colored parts; veins, stigma, and 
costa to base dark brown. 



I 



': 



, -t 



t ri 



no 



I 



I 



I 



Three nijilos. Fort Wraiij'el, Aiasska. Mr. 11. F. Wickbuin, collector. 
(Coll. II. S. Nat. Mus.) 

:V2. Pachynematus minutus new s[)ecies. 

MaJe. — Lenj^tliaiuiii.; slender, lieul not niuelniarrowed back of coin 
pound eyes; clypeus broadly tuiavginate, lobes small, triangular; ocel- 
lar basin with low but distinct lateral walls; ciest low, slighty broki-n ; 
fovea oval; antenna' rather long, slender, sl.ightly compressed basally, 
Joint 4 slightly longer than 3; venation normal; stigma very narrow, 
acuminate; claw with minute inner tooth not very remote from tip. 
Color black; tips of clypeus, labrum, teguhi', last ventral segment of 
abdomen, and leg? for the most part reddish yellow; coxa^ and bases of 
femora black; wings slightly iufuscated; veins brown: stigma scarcely 
paler. 

Three males. Olympia, Wash., May ~t-Ui, ISJM-Do. Trevor Kiucaid, 
collector. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 

33. Pachynematus nevadensis new species. 

Male. — Length mm.; slender, elongate; head somewhat narrowed 
back of componnd eyes; clypeus shallowly, broadly enuu'ginate, lobes 
narrow, rather sharp pointed ; ocellar basin distinctly defined, walls 
rounded; antennal fovea oval, not very distinctly defined; antenna' 
longer than head and thorax, strongly compressed, tapering, Joints 3 
to 5 subequal; venation normal; stigma moderately robust, widest at 
center; procidentia small, narrow, protruding, rounded at apex; claws 
with minute inner tooth not very remote from apex. Color black, 
shining; more or less of apex of clypeus, labrum and mouth parts, 
extreme angles of pronotum, teguhe, legs except coxa', venter, and more 
or less of ai)ex of dorsal sclerites reddish ferruginous, somewhat iufus- 
cated, especially on bases of fcnioia, trochanters, ])osterior tibiic and 
their tarsi; posterior orbits narrowly and obscurely reddish; veins and 
stigma dark brown. 

Five males. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 



XIV. Genus MICROKEMATUS Konow. 

Mkronematiis Konow. Doutsclie Eutoiii. Zeitsch., xxxiv, 181)0, p. 23!). 

Hotly small, ovate; clypoiis cmarginatc at apex; claws with snbapical tooth; peii- 
tajroiial area obsolete; auteuiia' short, liliform; costal vein greatly dilated at apex, 
llrst transverse cubital nerve present; eighth (seventh f) dorsal segment of male 
with short carina; sheaths ol female simjile. — Konow, 

This genus seems to be of doubtful value and at least has no Amer- 
ican representi^tives. The only one of the lUiropean species which 1 
have had the opportunity of examining, Microucmatus ^ullm F'orst.^ 
se^jms to belong to my was genus Oi/mnonyvliun, 



J^ijguotniiKitH 

liody elongate 
distinct; claws ^ 
carina subprodiv 

As already 

in the descri] 

Konow are in 

reason most ( 

named genus. 

onematus whi< 

to it. One of 

by Konow. 

nenuitm couh 

should seem 

rachynematu 

species arc t 

table of spec 

proposed by 

be roughly s 

Abdomen blacl 
Abdomen, witl 

1. Lygseonem 

1867. Ncnu 

Female. — 

ridges of 0( 

small, shalh 

circular on I 

tapering. < 

clypeus in i 

dorsally an( 

part yellow 

posterior ft 

iipically; e 

cated; veil 

One fen 

Bay territ( 

The mal 

2. LygfiBom 

1837.' y 

1880. i\'i 



Ill 



XV. Genus LYGiEONEMATUS Konow. 

Lijgwonematua Kouow. Dciit8<h»! Kiitomolo^isclio Zc'it8cb..lt, 1S!»0, ii, p. l.'3S. 

liody elouyiitc-ovalt!; clypcus truncate at apex; peiitaj^onal area more or lean 
tlistinct ; claws witli short, subapical tooth ; hist dorsal .se^neiit of the male cariiiate, 
carina siibproduced at apex; sheath of female simjde. — Konow. 

As alrciidy indicated under the preceding genus, the characters given 
in the descriptions of tlie genera ruchyneiiiatus and LygaonematiLs by 
Konow are insuilicient to satisfactorily separate the species. For this 
reason most of the American species have been referred to the first- 
named genus. I have, however, placed two species in the gemis Ly<j(v 
oncmaUis whicl'. nv.'ym. most typical in the characters supposedly peculiar 
to it. One of them, the European L. erichsonii Hartig, is also so referred 
by Konow. Almost all of the third gronj) of species leferred to Pacln/- 
nematus could with equal propriety be placed in Lygwoncmutan. If it 
shouM seem later advisable to separate the material now referred to 
Pachyitematus it could be best done, at least so far as the American 
si)ecies are concerned, on the basis of the characters indicated in the 
table of species sei)arating grou])S 2 and 3, rather than on characters 
proposed by Konow. The two species referred tt) Lyywonematus may 
be roughly separated, as follows : 

Abdomen black 1. whiiiipey Noiton. 

Abdomen, with four basal sejjments, orange yellow 2. erielmonii ilartig. 

1. Lygseonematus Winnipeg Norton. 

1867. Xematas Winnipeg Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, \\. l'J8. (Cat., etc., p. (iO. ) 

Female. — Length 8 mm.; very robust; clypeus truncate; lateral 
ridges of ocellar basin low, indistinct, frontal crest wanting; fovea 
small, shallow (antenna' wanting); venation noriiuii; stigma elongate, 
circular on lower nmrgin ; sheath broad, rounded at apex ; cerci slender, 
tapering. Color black; head and thorax oj)a(pie; abdomen shining; 
clypeus in part, labrum, angles of prono^am, teguhe, apex of abdomen 
dorsally and vcntrally, apices of coxa*, trochanters, and legs for the most 
part yellowish ferruginous; anterioi femora brown on lower margui, 
posterior femora Avith the brown extending over the sides, especially 
apically; extreme apices of posterior tibia' and tarsi somewhat infus- 
cated; veins, including costa nearly to base and stigma, brown. 

One female, Cresson's type; a nnich-damaged specimen. Hudson 
Bay territory (Lake Winnipeg ?). (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 
The males referred to in the original description have been lost. 

2. Lygseonematiis « richsonii llartig. 

1837.' Xcmatun irichaomi llartij?. Fam. Blatt. Ilol/.wesp., ]). 187. 
1880. Ncmatim notahilis Crcsson. Trans. Am. Ent. Sue, Mil, p. 7. 

' LatfH' I'.iji'ojiean references iuc oniitt<.'d, 



! I 



t I 



1 



I ■'/ 



/ I 



i 



H 



112 

1X81. \emiilii>i trUliionii Ilajjon. Can. Knt., xiii, i>. 'M. 

IHK',. XiiiKthiH vrivliKuiiii I'ack.ivtl. Kept. l'. S. Kiit., l»i>. llW-lKi. 

ism:!. Xvinatiin ctirh'^oiiii I'ackaitl. Mull. :!, I)i\ . Kiil., T. S. Uept. Aj^r., pp. l",l, :',{). 

1SS:{. XiinatiiK crichnouiiVyleH. Can. Knt.. .w , p. L'0.j. 

I8SI. .Winahisirirhnuiiii FlctchtT. Can. Knt., xvi, pp. I'l.'i, I'll!. 

ISM. yeiitittii)! crkhvtnil Tarkanl. Am. Nat., X\ Hi, lip. !.".•:>-_".»(;. 

ISSl. XcmutHn cnclmonii Packard. K'ept. T. S. Dept. Aj^iic, i». ;!77. 

1S8.">. XtmittiiH irkhtiuiiii rrovanclii-r. .\il<l. Fann. Can. lljin., \>. .">. 

lS8,j. yvmatna iriclinonii I'rovanclit'r. Nat. (an., x\, pp. ;i8, ['>-'>{). 

188.'). XcHiatns erichsonii Vh'tvhiii. licjtt. Dept. Aj;iit!., Ottawa. Can., |.. I's. 

188(i. XemtttiiH vritliHoiiii Harrinjitoii. Can. Knt., xviii, )•. :i!t. 

188(1. Xvmatnn vrkhtionn I'loviinclier. Nut. Can., x\ i, \>. ',i'2. 

1887. Ximatim cnchnonii Flotthcr. Kept. Dept. Aj;ric.. Ottawa, Can., ]». :>;".. 

1888. Xemnliis vrivlisonii Ijintmr. Fifth Kept. Ins. N. V., i»p. 1(»1-17!>. 

1889. X'vmatiia eiicltKuuii Flotcher. Can. Fut., xxi, p. 152. 

1890. Xemiitus ericlttionH I'ackaid. Fifth Kept. U, S. Knt. Couini., p. 87!t. 
1890. LiigavneinutHn vrkhmnU Kouow. Doutsch. Kntom. Zoit., xxxiv, i». -!17. 

Fevuile. — Length 11 mm.; exp. al. liL' mm.; large, moderately robust; 
head and thorax liiiely luiiictiired, entire body shining; «'lyi)eus 
scarcely eniarginate, almost truncate: frontal and lateral ridges of 
ocellar basin rounded, indistinct; vertex nearly smooth; antennal fovea 
long, shallow, deepest tit apex; antenna* about as long as head and 
thorax, rather robust, tapering, joints ."> and t subetjual; sheath broad, 
rounded, truncate at tij); cerci flattened, somewhat tapering; inter 
costal cross vein hyaliiu^ indistinct, but anterior to basal and nearly at 
right angles to costa; first transverse <ad)ital indistinct or wanting; 
stigma moderately broad, not acuminate; claw with minute inner tooth 
near apex. Coh)r black; tip of clypeus, palpi, basal two-thirds of 
tibiic, apices of trochanters, and extreme angles of prouotum whitish; 
femora, tips of anterior tibite and their tarsi, first four segments of 
abdomen above and beneath except base of first segment, orange 
rufous; extreme tips of middle femora above and hind femora a little 
more broadly, tips of hind tibite and their tarsi, black; lower surface 
of antenmi' rufous; veins black, except costa, which is fulvous, and 
anal vein, Avhich is whitish; wings somewhat infuscated; dusky si)ot in 
second cubital cell large, prominent. 

Male. — Length 8.5 to U mm.; slender, elongate, abdomen not wider 
than thorax; in general, structurally as in female; procidentia strongly 
keeled, somewhat constricted basally, short, not projecting beyond the 
seventh dorsal segment; last ventral segment slightly emargiuate at 
apex. Color black ; antenna', three basal segments of the abdomen dor 
sally except more or less of base of first segment, base of the fourth 
segment, all of venter of abdomen, and the legs except bases of coxte 
reddish yellow ; tips of the hind tibiu' and the hind tarsi brownish; 
face below antenme, more or less of lower orbits, prouotum, and teguhe 
whitish; wings as in female. 

Male described from one and female from many reared specimens 
from Canada. (Coll. l'. S. Nat, Mus.) Other females examined repre^ 



sent Lain 
notahtli'S. 



ISotly «ho 
eitlnr with 
wantinj; <•«• 
not promiu 

The sp( 

often ref( 

particula 

constant, 

charactei 

notched 

the smoo 

taken in 

the true 

of the s) 

peculiar 

an impti 



1. Iloatl, 
W 
W 



11. Mc 
witl 



'. ;i(t. 



iia 

sent lialuiulor iiinl IMassiuliiiiSi'tts — the latter <;ie.ss'»ifs tyi»e.s of 
Holahilin. (C(»ll. Am. lOiit. iSoc) 



>! 



\Vl. Genus PRISTIPHORA Latreille. 

I'rhtiphoni Lutiuillc, I'liiu. Niit. dii Kcjjim Animal. I'liris. IHlTj. 
I'rislipliuni Kouow, Doutsclio Kiit. Zt-its., \.\xi\, 18!tO. p. L'liS. 

15()<ly «lioit, ()vat»s tlyiM-ns tniiicjitt! :it ajx-x; iMiitaj^onal ana (tltsoluttr ; claWM 
citlnr with .siihaiiifal tooth or hilid; liiHt traiisvorsc cubital of anterior \vinj;8 often 
wantinn or hyaline; eighth (sevc^nth .') dorsal Sfgnicnt of tlu- male caiinalt', carina 
not prominent at a|)e\; sheath of female with lather dense scopa at tip. — Konow. 

The species of this genus form a fairly well defined gnmp, but are 
often refeiabli' latlier from the sum of tlie charaiiters tlian from auy 
l)articnlar feature. The absence of the lirst cubital nerve is by no means 
Ciwistant, even in the same species, althouj;h usually a yood j^eneric 
character and to be relied upon. The claws are sometimes very evenly 
notched at the ti]>s, but iu)t deeply so. When this Is the case, however.^ 
the smooth vertex, wli'ich is a very constant characteristic of the genus, 
tuUen in connection with the other characters, will usually determine 
the true allinities. Very little is kinnvn by actual rearings of the habits 
of the species, but in this i)articular they proltably luesent no striking 
l)eculiarities. A number of them feed on willow and 1\ idiutu ^'ortou is 
an important enemy of the cranberry. 

XAllLK ol' .Sl'EClKS. 

Jcmalen 

I. Head, thorax and abdomen black. 

\Vinj;8 strongly infuscated 1. niyra n. ap. 

Wings not or very slightly ininscattul. 
Tognhe black. 

Head small, narrow, not much more than one-half width of thorax. 
Posterior tibia- and tarsi unicolorous, pale. 2. lahradoris Norton. 
Posti-rior tibia' pale, tips black ; tarsi black.. H. hycophuiiiu Wiilau, 
Head broad, much more than ouc-half width of thorax. 

Posterior tibia' strongly infuscated, nearly black. 1. lata Cresson. 
Posterior tibia' pale except tips, which with tarsi are browu. 

.">. .•((«A.ii/(i«t'M»<8 n. s[>. 
Tegula' pale. 

l.iabrum black; extreme tijis only of hind tibia' black. 

8ti{jma brown ti. iniirlfehltiw n.sii. 

Stigma luteous, pale at base 7. relalira Norton. 

J.,abrum, together with tip of cly]»eus, pale; apical half of liintl tibia- 
Idack ><. liaiikfii n. sjt. 

II. Head black; tlionix and abdomen, or abdomen only, distinctly marked or banded 
with yellow. 

1. Proiiotum black or only the extreme angle yellow ; abdomen, with segments 
U to 5, yellow, sometimes interrupted centrally above !•. idiota Norton. 

2. Prouotiim, with outer one-half, yellow; femora yellow; segments 1 to t 
reddish yellow, infuscnted 10. di/ari n. sp. 

13449— No. 3 8 



^J> 



114 









-■:>> 



iV^V^jyvv. 



3. rroiH»tuiii iis iiltovc; fbmorii brown at tijts or Ikihiw; sovfiimiits I tort yellow. 
Stigma tlinse times uk lonjj; as wide; costa not or scarcely paler than 

stigma 11. JovHlarin Cresson. 

Stigma twice as long as wide; costa mndi paler than stigma. 

12. Iioodi n. sji. 
I. Pronotnm yellow ; thorax otherwise black; abdomen black, except latcial 

third of segments after tlie first and venter V,i. kocbeld n.sp. 

5. Prouotnm yellow; thorax and abdomen reddish yellow, marked with blaik. 

14. hivHtata Norton. 
Males. 

I'emora altogothor black, or at least hind pair, 
I*ronotuni and tegnla- black. 

Posterior tibia jiale, strongly infiiscatinl at tijis .">. nisliinmcnuin n.s]i. 

Posterior tibia' strongly infnsculed, nearly black I. /«/<« Cresson. 

Prouotnm black; tegnLe pale; apical lialfof hin<l tibia' black . S. haiiLnl n.f>\\. 
I'emora black basally, paling apically; pronotnm and clypcns black; labrnni infns- 

eated !*. i<iJtf/« Norton, 

Femora pale, except sometimes tips of jiosterior ]»air. 

Abdomen, with basal segments, yellow 11. Jociilaris L'l'esson. 

Abdomen altogether black dorsally. 

^'ent(!r pale l.'j. caruUmnsii n. sp. 

Venter black. 

I'ronolnm and legs orange yellow 1(>. hitvohi Norton. 

Pronotnm and legs reddish yellow; genitalia strongly infnseated. 

17. ucaidcntalin n. sp. 
I'ronotnm black, except extreme angles; legs and genitalia yellow. 

IS. culorudviiHiH n. sp. 

iNDKX r<) .si>ix:ii;.s oi' I'uisrirnoUA. 



banksi n. sj). J 9 - • - ^ 

bivittata Norton 9 1 1 

earolineiisis n. s]». <? l.^i 

eoloradtjnsis n. sp. ^f 18 

dyarin.sp. 9 10 

hoodin.sp. 9 1- 

idiota Norton (J 9 !* 

identidem Norton— idiota. 

jocnhiris Cresson ^ 9 11 

kt.obelei n. sp. 9 .v A. .■ '. '.7' .'.' 13 



labradoris Norton 9 2 

lata Cresson (jf 9 1 

Intetda Norton ,i ..•{■.. .:'..■ Iti 

nuirtfeldtia- n. sp. 9 «-. *^ti< k'< . •. (I 

nigra n. sp. 9 1 

occidentalis n. sp. ff .i.vy.'KW^: 17 

relativa Norton 9 7 

siskiyonensis n. sp. / 9 .'"i 

sycciphanta Wal'di 9 •. 3 

tiliialis Norton =sycoplianta. 



1. Pristiphora nigra new species. 

Female, — Lenj»th 5.5 nun.; surface soiiiewliat sliiiiinj>', head nitlier 
densely siiid iinely gi'iiiiuhite; ciypeus scjircely einiii{j;iiiate, almost 
truncate; v^levations, frontal ami ocellar, almost obsolete; aiitennal 
fovea broad, circular, shallow; intercostal cross vein about its own 
length anterior to basal ai.d strongly iuiilined; lirst transverse ciibi I al 
wanting, venation otherwise normal; stigma not greatly broadened at 
base; apex of cosi a considerably enlarged; scopaof sheath r;ither long 
and dense; ceici short tapi^ing; inner tooth of claw short, obtuse. 
Color black; tibia-, except api<'es of posterior pair and bases of tarsi, 
lighter, inclined to whitish; wings strongly infuscated; veins, includ- 
ing stignni and <!osta, dark brown. 

One female, Kaston, Wash. ((Joll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 



115 



low. 
Itliaii 
ssoii. 

III. M|). 

lt(!nil 
|ii.sp. 
Jlilrk. 

prtoii. 



n.sp. 

L's.s(»n. 

II. S|l. 

[ini'iits- 
loi'tuii, 

K'SSOII. 



I 

k; 

(i. 

I 

17 

7 



2. Pristiphora labradoris Norton. 

1867. Xemalu:i lahradorin Norton. Trans. Ani. Hut. Soc, i, ]>. lilt!. (Cat., «'tc., 

p. 58.) 
1878. XematiiH labradoiix Vrnviunihvr. Nat. Can., .\, i». ni). 
1883. y ma fits hihriiduriH Provanclmr. Faiiu. Hut. Can. Ilvni., jt. 18.">. 

Female. — Leiifrtli ~t nun.; short, robust; liejul and tlioiax doiisely 
grjHuilate-punctiite, with inimito hoary piibcsi'oiK'e; abdomen smooth, 
shining; bead narrow, not more than half as wide as thora.x, strongly 
trilobed when viewed from above; elypeus broadly but very sliallowly 
eninrginate, almost truncate; fiontal crest and sides of (tcellar basin 
indistinct, almost wanting; fovea indistinct; antenna' slioit, slender, 
scarcely taj)ering, third to fifth joints snbe(]ual; intercostal cioss 
vein nearly twit^e its length anterior to basal vein, inclined; third 
cubital cell not much more than twice as longas witle at base, venation 
otherwise normal; stigma ta])ering regularly to somewhat acainunate 
apex from rather broadly ovate bas«'; sheath tapering on both edges 
to rounded extremity, and with very distinct and heavy scopa; cerci 
strongly tapering; inner tooth of claw minute. Color black; nuirgin 
of labruni, bases of mandibles and palpi, tibia- and tarsi, apical h "'f of 
anterior pair and extreme tips of two posterior pairs of femora, fuhous, 
more or less infuscated; veins light yellowish brown, including stigma 
and costa; wings hyaline, or but slightly infuscated. 

One female, Norton's type(?). Labrador. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

3. Pristiphora sycophanta Walsh. 

18(50. I'linlipiiom Hi/vopliania Walsli. True. Hnt. Sue. I'liil., \ i, p. JtW. ^ 

1807. l'nnli2>ho>a nyeopltaiild Norton. Trans. Am. Hnt. Soc, i. j*. 7ti. (Cat., etc., 

1).46).&' 

!8(i7. I'rjtijthorn lihialis Norton. Trans. .\ni. Hnt. Soc. i, p. 7(!. (Cat., otc, p. 1(5). 

1878. rriHlijthora tibialiH I'rovanclior. Nat. Can., .\, p. r>0. 

1881. I'rintipliorti gycitplutnta Packard. IJiili. 7, II. 8. Hnt. (!oniui., p. III. 

1882. Xcmatan xiivophaiita K'lVhy. lAnt Ifyni. Itrit. Mus., i, p. 1 10. 

1882. Xvmatux lririalin Kirhy. List Ilym. brit. Mus., i, p. 110. 

1883. rrintiphoia tibialis I'rovanclior. Fann. Eiit. Can. llyni., i». 182. 
188(5. I'ristipliitra xycopliuiitii ProvaMclier. A<l<l. rami. Ciiii. iivni., p. 22. 
1890. Vi'ixiiphora mivophaulii Packard. Fil'tli l{(^])t. U. S. Hnt. Connii.. ji. i>\iX. 

1894. XematiiH tibinlis D'dla Torre Cat. Ilyni.. i, p. 2(1(5. 

1895. rrintiphora Hi/vophuula Marlatt. I'roc Hut. Soc, Wasli., in, p. 2(57. 
1895. I'riatiphora tibialis Dyar. Trans. Am. Hnt. Soc, .\xii, p.:(OI (iiirva). 

Female. — Length 5 mm.; nu)derately robust; head small, iiairow, 
not much more than half the width of thorax; dypi-us nearly truncate; 
vert(?x smooth, ridges rounded, subobsolete; fovea very minute, circu- 
lar; antenme slender, r.lightly tapering, third joint much longer than 
fourth; claw with very minute, inner tooth; venation normal, except 
that the second cubital is wanting, ('(jlor black, shining, including 
mouth parts and teguhc; anterior and middle tibia- and liirsi yellowish; 
posterior tibiae, except apical third, whitish; wings nearly hyaliuej 
veins and stigma brown. 



116 



One female. Nevada. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) A specimen from 
ItLacii, N. Y.. has also been referred, doubtfully, to this species. 

Mr. II. G. Dyar rei:red this insect from greeu larvie fouud ou white 
birch {Betula pupyrifera) at Keene Valley, N. Y., aud also ou willow 
and yellow birch at JeH'erson, N. Y. 

4. Fristiphora lata (Jresson. 

1880. Xcmatuii lalim Cicbhoh. Titirs. Am. Kiit. Soi'., viii. ]». 4. 

Female. — Length 5.;") mm. ; short, very robust; head nearly as wide as 
thorax, not uoti(*eably trih)bed, finely granulate ; body generally clothed 
with tin J hoary pile; clypeus trunciitc; frontal crest and sides of ocellar 
bitsin entirely wanting; antennal fovea very minute, shallow, circular; 
antenna' short, not longer than head aud thorax, somewhat compressed, 
tapering, third and fourth joints sube([ual ; intercostal cross nerve nearly 
interstitial with bsisal, inclined; third cubital cell not more than twice 
as long as wide at base; venation otherwise normal; sheath not very 
robust, tapering on both edges, with distinct scopa; cerci minute, not 
tapering; inner tooth of claw very minute. Color black; head and tho- 
rax 0[)a(iue, abdomen shining; clypeus, apical two-thirds of first pairot 
femora and their tibiic, aud tarsi fulvous, iuclined to fuscous; posterior 
tibial and tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline; veins dark brown; extreme augle 
of pronotum fulvous. 

Male. — Characters in geneial as in the female. Color the same, except 
that the female sometimes has the extreme tip of the pronotum yellow; 
antenna' robust, short, strongly compressed; first cubital cross veiu 
hyaline. Easily distinguished from all other males of the genus by the 
black prouotum and teguhe, aud black or strongly iufuscated biud 
tibia'. 

Two females and one male. Nevada. (Colls. Am. Ent. !Soc. aud 11. S. 
Nat. Mus.) 

Tills species is very closely allied to lahfadorifi, but difiors particularly 
iu the much wider head relative to the thorax, and also in minor details. 

r>. Fristiphora siskiyouensis new species. 

Female. — Length 5 mm.; rather robust; head large, nearly as wide 
as thorax; vertex smoo'h, shining, with no indications of ridges; clyp- 
eus nearly truncate; antennal fovea wanting, or nearly so; auteunai 
slender, slightly tapering, third joint much longer than fourth} claw 
with minute inner tootii; venation normal, except that second cubital 
is wanting. Coh)r black, shining, including mouth parts and teguhe; 
anterior tibia' and tarsi pallid, the tarsi slightly iufuscated; posterior 
tibiae white, except tips, which, with posterior tarsi, are brownish, 
almost black; wings hyaline; veins and stigma brown. 

Mate. — Agrees with female in coloratiiuuU characters; antenna*, 
stouter and somewhat compressed, distinctly tapering; easily distin- 
guished by tlie black pronotum and teguhe from tther species, except 



I 

the 



fOIIl 

fliite 
fllow 



117 

the closely allied lata, from wlilcli it may be soparated by tlie characters 

of the hiiul tibia'. 

;:>> : , ■ ■ 

Two males and one female. Siskiy(mCouiity,OalT' April. Mr. Albert 
Koebele, collector, (('oil. U.-S. Nat. Mus.) 

This species is closely related in general appearance to sycophanta 
Walsh, but ditVers distinctly in shapo and size of head relative to 
thorax. 



it. Fristiphora murtfeldtise new species. 

Fenude. — Length (» mm.; not very robnst, shining; he.ad and thorax 
very finely punctured ; clyi)eus truncate; antennal fovea shallow, indis- 
tinct, merging into the smooth ocellar region; antennae moderately 
stout, joint 3 longest; intercostal vein more than its length anterior to 
basal; third cubital cell not more than twice as long as wide at base; 
inner tooth of claw obtuse, rather large. Color black; tegula', tro- 
chanters, tips of anterior femora, all tibia' except tips of posterior paii", 
anterior pairs of tarsi and bases of posterior pair, fulvous. 

One female, reared by Miss INfary Murtfeldt, at Kirkwood, Mo., from 
a smooth, greenish sing with black head, found feeding on black 
willow. Adult issued April 10, 1887. (Coll. T. S. Nat. Mus.) 

7. Fristiphora relativa Norton. 

1867. rrinUphorn relatinta Norton. Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc, i, p. 77. (C!at. otc, 

1>. 47.) 
1882. Ncmalus rrlaiinm Kirby. List llyni. I>rit. Mns., i, p. 110. 
Female. — Lenjith 0.18, l»r. wings O..SS inoli. Color sliininj^; bliick. Antenna' as in 
/'. tihialin. Head t'oriaceous, withont srnsiMc dojjrossiona ahont tlio oe(;ni; odjjo of 
nasns tncurvod. Tognla- and Ipj;" whitish; roxir and a wido hand tn tho teniora 
black; tips of posterior tihiie and their tarsi, except hasal Joint, l'nser)ns. Winjjs 
hyaline, stiKinH iiiid eosta Intoons, tho latter palo at haso; secon<l siihniar#i(inal cell 
contraetod at jnnction witli third coll. 
Groat Slave Lake, 11. 11. T. R. Konnicott, eolloctor. 
This is not as stont as the jtreeedinfj s])ocios (rihinlis), Itnt rcsemblos it innch. 

T have not examined the type of this speci«^s, and merely reproduce 
the original description. 

8. Fristiphora banksi new species. 

Vemalc. — licngth 5 mm.* rather robn.st; head nearly as wide as 
thorax; dypeus rounded in front, not at all cnuirginatc; vertex without 
ridges around ocellar basin, deeply and coarsely i»unctured; antenna' 
tapering, third Joint longest; claws with nnnute inner tooth; venation 
normal, except that secemd recurrent is wanting. Color black, shining: 
apev of clypeus, labrum, teguhr, ai)icesof coxa', tro(;hanters, and tibia' 
for tho most part pallicl; anterior tarsi .slightly infuscated; apical half 
of posterior tibia> and the posterior tarsi bhu'k. 

Mok. — Agrees for the most pari in siructiirai and colorational cliar- 



118 



'-Jp 






acters with the Cemale. Aiiteima' arc stoutei' and somewhat compressed. 
DiHers from the I'emaU? in that the i)roiiotum is entirely bhick. 

One male and one female. Sea Cliff, Lonj» Island, and Ithaca, N. Y. 
Mr. Nathan P>anks, collector. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 



9. Fristiphora idiota Norton. 

18(!7. I'risliphora uUota Nortdii. 



Trans. Am. Kiit. Soc, i, p. 77. 



Tnins. Am. Eut. Soc, i, p. 77. (Cat., etc., 

Rcpt. U. S. Dcpt. Affr., p. 207. . 

(iiiido to Study of Inaects, p. 217. 
Trans. Am. Eut. Soc, iv, p. 78. 
]{cpt. II. S. Dept. Agric, p. 92. 

Nat. Can., x, )>. 50. 

10th Ifopt. State Ent. III., 1880, p. (il). 



18G7. VriKtiphora idciitidem Norton. 

p. 47.) 
18(50. Prhtiphora ideiiUdem Glovor. 
1870. rrintipliora idetitidem Tackanl, 
1872. I'yialipJwra idenHdem Norton. 

1877. PrMiphora irfni/irfcm Glovor. 

1878. I'vhdphord idiota I'rovanclicr. 

1881. Vrinliphora idcutidon Thomas. 

1882. XemalHH idiot us Kirhw JJst Ilym. Hrit. AIuh., i, p. 110. 

1883. Pristiphont idiota Provanchcr. Faun. Ent. Can. llyni.. p. 182. 
1883. Pi-istipltora idcntidem Saunders. Ins. InJ. to Fruits, ]). 373. 

Female. — Length 5 u m.; moderately robust; head with coarse, deep 
pi'nctnring; ridges on cither side of anterior ocellus rounded, nearly 
obsolete;; clypeus nearly truncate; antenna' slender, third joint very 
nr.ich longer than fourth, fourth and iifth subequal; sheath rather 
slender, rounded at ti]), with dense bordering fringeof hairs; claws with 
minvitc inner tooth; venation normal, except that the first cubital cross 
vein is wanting. Color black, sliining;j^J^4*etTS*and palpi, tegula'i, and 
central area of abdomen, latter mo'e or less interrupted dorsally, yellow ; 
legs yellow: femora usually brown basally and apically, especially on 
upper and lower margins, or brown witli sides reddish yellow; tips of 
])osterior tibia' and tarsi brown; wings hyaline; veins brown. 

Male. — Agrees with female in stiuctural and colorational characters, 
except that the abdomen is entirely black. Antenna' are considerably 
stouter than those of the female, cylindri(;al, not at :\l cominessed. 

Many specimens of both sexes. New liani[)shire. (Colls. Am. Ent. 
Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

10. Pristiphora dyari new species. 

Female. — Length 5.5 nun.; vciy robust; head with coarse, dense 
])uncturing; frontal ridge slightly elevated; fovea shallow; clypeus 
nearly squarely truncate; ant<Mina' tapering, third joint longest; 
sheath not very Inoad, rounded at apex, with dense bordering hairs; 
claws minutely cleft, sharp, inner tooth near apex; venation normal, 
except that first cubital is wanting, ('olor black, shining; clypeus, 
outer hall' of pronotum, teguhe, segments 1 to 1 of abdomen, and legs 
reddish yellow; apical third of posterior tibia', and their tarsi black; 
wings liyaliiu'; veins dark brown. 

• One femak'. Keene Valley, N. V., .June 21, 1891. (Coll. Dyar.) 



e 



(■ 



110 



IN. Y. 



etc. 



11. Pristiphora jocularis (Bresson. 

1X80. Pr'tHtiphnra Jociilarit Cnissoii. Trims. Am. Ei>t. Soc, viii, p. 3. 
1882. XematiiHJoeiilariK Kirl>y. List Ilyiii. l>rit. Mus., i, p. 111. 

Female. — Len{>tU 7 mm.; robust; head coarsely punctured; vertex 
witli ridges about anterior ocellus i)resent, but rounded and indistinct; 
antennal fovea circular, shallow; clypeus squarely truncate, and with 
labruui ch)thed with rather dense and long, whitish hairs; sheath 
stout, with rather dense hairs ; first cubital wanting ; stigma three times 
as long as wide; claw tooth small and near apex, approach ii g bifid. 
Color black, shining, subsericeous ; labrum and tij) of clypeus pallid; 
outer half of angles of pronotum, teguhi', abdomen except two apical 
segments, and legs for most part yellow; extreme bases of coxiii black; 
tips of posterior femora, tips of posterior tibia' and their tarsi, brownish 
blat'k; wings nearly hyaline; veins, including stigma and costa, dark 
brown. 

M^ale. — Length o mm.; structurally as in female, except that the 
ridges of vertex are practically obsolete; fovea very shallow, almost 
wanting; antenna* com]»ressed, tapering; procidentia short, keeled, 
constricted basally. Color as in female, except that the abdomen is 
black above, bande<l with yellow on second and third segments; poste- 
rior femora brown only at extreme^ tips above. 

Cresson's type specimens, <me male and one female. IMorrison, col- 
lector. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

12. Pristiphora hoodi new species. 

Female. — Length 7 mm.; robust; head coarsely puiuitured; vertc^x, 
with ridges about anterior ocelhis, rounded, subobsolete; antennal 
fovea (jircular, distinctly excavated anteriorly; clypeus squarely trun- 
cate; sheath broad, tlii(;kly clothed with hairs toward apex; claws 
with minute inner tooth r.ear apex; first cubital wanting; stigma about 
twice as long as wide. Color black, shining, subsericeous; tip of clypeus 
and labrum whitish; outer half of angles of pronotum, tegular, ab(h>- 
men except three termimd segments, and legs for the most part 
reddish yellow; outer lialf oi' posterior femora brown, anterior femorn 
slightly iiil'uscated basally; tips of posterior tibia', and their tarsi infus- 
cated; basal half of coxic black; bnsal plates tinged with rufous; 
wings hyaline; veins brown, costa somewhat paler; first cubital cross 
vein hyaline. 

One female. Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Kut. Hoc.) 
This species conies very <!lose to ('lesson's ((teithwis, but dill'ers, per- 
haps, sufiicicntly to Wiirrant a new species. 

i;>. Pristiphora koebelei new specties. 

Female. — Length (J mm.; robust; head coiirsely and rugosely rcmgh- 
ened with little tubercles ; lateiiil ri<lges about anterior ocellus obsolete; 



120 



frontal crest iiioder.itcly developed, obtuse; fovea shallow, elypens 
truncate; antenna" moderately stout, scareely taperiny until near tip, 
third Joint not, or scarcely, lonj;-er than fourth; venation normal, excei)t 
that the first cubital is hyaline; sheath with dense fringe of hairs; claws, 
with rather large inner tooth, approaching bitid. Color black, shining; 
apex of clypeus, labrum, ])ronotuni, teguhe, abdomen, and legs for 
the most part rechlish yeUow; basal segment of abdomen, narrow line 
down center of dorsum of following segments, more or less interrupted 
at sutures, black; ixtstcrior tarsi and extreme tips of ])osterior tibia* 
black; bases of all coxa' black; band on mesonotum, just above 
scutellum, rufous: wings hyaline, or nearly so; veins and stigma dark 
brown; spot in second cubital cell large and prominent. 



Four females. 

Soc.) 



Washington, ((.'oils. U. S. Jfat. Mus, and Am. Ent. 



14. Pristiphora bivittata Norton. 

1S()1. XoiKil'iH hiriftdliis Norton. I'loc. I'lOstnii Soo. N;it. Hist,., \ ill., p. taS. 

18<»7. .Vr;jm/».s' hirill<ttiiK}\(n-iin\. I'riiiis. Am. Kiit. Hnv.. i. ]>. '2Uh (Cut., etc, j). SI.) 

187H, Xemaliis hiriltntnn I'lovaiiclicr. Niit.Ciiii., x.^i.-'fi. 

1883. Xemnfus Uiviitdlim I'roviiiiclicr. Finin. Kiit. (;;in. Ilym.. ]). ISS. 

Female. — Length <>.") uun.; i-obust, shining; head densely and (inely 
tubereulate-granulate, opaque, clothed with sericeous h.airs; clypeus 
nearly squarely truncate; ocellar and frontal ridges almost wanting; 
antennal fovea shallow, tapering antericnly, indistiiu^t; antenna' very 
robust, last four joints tajtering somewhat suddenly, third to fifth joircs 
subequal, more robust; sheath not very broad, obtusely pointed, scopa 
not very long but dense; cen^i short, ta])ering; (;la\vs with rather long 
inner tootls; intercostal anterior to basal and almost at right angles 
with COP. ta; wings otherwise normal; lirst transverse (nibital wanting; 
Ktigma ovate at base, tapining regularly to apex. Color in general 
reddish orange; clypeus, labrum, bases of mandibles, inclined to pallid; 
head above clypeus and antenna', stripe on lateral lobes of mesonotu n 
and sometimes on anterior lobe, scuti^Unm, metanotum, lateral dorsal 
angle of first segment, narrow stripe along center of dorsum, termi- 
nating on next to last segment, lower third of mescpimera, and sheath 
black or dark brown; tips of hind tibia' and the hind tarsi strongly 
infuscated; veins, im hiding stigma and costa nearly to base, <lark 
brown; first transverse <*ubital hyaline, indistinct. 

Four females. Canada, jNIassachusetts, and Illinois. (Coll. Am. Fnt. 

3oc.) 

15. Pristiphora carolinensis new species. 

M((h'. — Length 5 mm,: rather slender; v<'rtex without i>rominent 
ridges about anterior ociiilus, somewh.it rougheiMMl, with minute tuber- 
cles; frontal crest ol)S(»l('te, fovea v«'ry shallow or nearly wanting; 
clypeus nearly truncate or very broadly and shailowly emarginate; 



pens 
tip, 
[(-•e]»t 

laws, 

lill^; 

for 

line 

fpted 

tibiii' 

Ibove 

jdjirk 

'Knt. 



121 

antenna' slender, elonjjatc, joints slijihtly (Milaryed .it tips; second 
cubital liyaline; outor voins of discal cells of liind wings interstitial; 
pro(;identia broad, stronjily keeled; claws with minute inner tooth 
remote from apex. Color bla(;k, shining'; clypeus, mouth ^ arts, pro- 
notum, teguhi', legs, central area of abdomen ventrally, pale yellowish; 
51 pica! half of i)osterior tibia* and their tarsi brownish black; wings 
hyaline; veins light brown. 

Three males, two without locality labels and one collected in North 
Carolina. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

1 0. Pristiphora luteola Norton. 

lsr>7. Xematus hiteohis Norton. '. , ana. Am. Knt. Sor.. i, )». 20(). (t'nt., etc, )>. fi2.) 

1S7S. XcmttUm hileolits Provanclier. N;it. ('an., x, j). .^'i. 

1S8H. Xematim hileoht» I'rovancli«r. I'mm. I'nt. Can. iryni., j). 1H.">. 

1H!I,S. Nemnina htieohis McfiiHivray. Can. Ent., xx v. ]i. L'lW. 

Male. — Length mm.; rather slender, elongate, shining; head and 
thoiax strongly i>unctured; clyi)eus squarely tiuncate; oc<>llar and 
frontal ridges subobsolete; antcnnal fovea very shallow, broad; an- 
tenna* very robust, fattened, tapering, longer than head and thorax, 
joints ,'} to 5 subequal; venation normal, except that intercostal vein 
is nearly at right angles to costa and the iirst transverse cubital is 
snbobsolete or hyaline; upper discoidal cell of hind wings .sometimes 
extending more than .\ its length beyond the lower cell; inocidentia 
very broad, slightly excavated at tip, not in*ojecting; hypopygium dis 
tinctly notched at tip; claws with rather large, prfuninent inner tooth. 
Color black; clypeus, labrum, bases of mandibles, palpi, legs for the 
most part, pronotum, and teguhe yellowish ferruginous; tijjs of ]Kiste- 
rior tibia' and tarsi fuscous; veins, including costa and stigma, except 
base of latter, brown. 

Two males. Illinois and Massachusett.^. ((/oll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 

17. Pristiphora occidentalis new species. 

Mah'. — Length 5 mm.; not very robust; head roughened; lateral 
walls about anterior ocellus entirely wanting; crest ])resent, rounded; 
fovea shallow; clypeus truncate; antenna' tapering, com]»ressed ba- 
sally ; procidentia broad, not piqjecting beyond seventh segm<'nt; claws 
with minute inner tooth near apex; second cubital cross vein present; 
third cubital cell quadrate. (3olor black, shining; clypeus yellowish; 
pronotum, teguhe, and legs reddi.sh yellow; posterior tarsi infuscated; 
wings slightly smoky; veins and stigma dark browMi; costa, yellowish; 
genitalia strongly infuscated, nearly black. 

Three males. Oregcm and Washington. (( ;oil. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

IS. Pristiphora coloradensis new si)e(!ies. 

Male. — Length 5 mm.; not very robust; head loughened with miiuite 
tubercles; ridges about anterior ocellus wanting; crest indistinctly 



122 

raised; fovea shallow; elypens tiuiuate; antenna* stout, tapering, 
foiuth. joint lon}i«!r than third; lirst transverse cnbital wanting; claws 
with niinnte inner tooth. Color black, shining; distinct pubescence on 
pleura; apex of (rlypens, labruni, extreme angles of ])ronotum, teguhe, 
and legs for the most part yellow; coxa* black basally; posterior 
tibia' at tips and their tarsi infuscated ; wings hyaline ; veins light brown ; 
genitalia yellow. 

One male. Coh)rado. (Coll. Am. I'^nt. Soc.) 

XVII. Genus GYMNONYCHUS nov. gen. 

(From yvixva^. iiiikrii, ami limf, <^liiw.| 

Ho<ly 8liort, ovnte; anteiiiiio .sliort, filKoiiii, tliird joint loiijicsst; venation of Pris- 
liphoni, second <nil>it.!il with both nvMirreiit nervwrcs; liiuceolalo <'<'ll petiolate; 
Htinma ovate; tip of elyi)ens more or less einarninate; ])entaf;on;il area of vertex 
indisHiietly outlined or wantinj?; (ilaws sini])le, without inner tootli; shoath of 
female sim])le, ohtusely ])niiited at tip. 

This genns is separated from the pr(>(reding, J*risti2)hora,hy the jmsses- 
sion of a simi)le claw, without inner branch or tooth. The type of the 
genns is the species designated as californlciis. Examination of the 
si)ecies of J'ristiphortt indicates also that appoKlicnIafns Ilartig (=//ro.9- 
Nithiria' Walsh) falls in this genus. These two specMes are very impor- 
tant ones economically, the latter being a. well known enemy ol" the 
gooseberry and the former repoite<l to be a very serious enemy to the 
pear in various localities in California. 

TAIM.K OK SI'KCIKS. 

Very short, robuRt; an<jl(>s of ])roiH»tum broadly yc'low. 

Clypeus and labrum black I. californiciis n sp. 

CIy]>(Mis and labrum p.ile 2. pto.riinaliin Norton. 

Homewliat loss robust; ]trouotuiii unieolorous. 

Color blatik !>, tippnidiciilofiiK Harti};'. 

Color resinous, inclined to reddish 1. rtsinieolor i\. sp. 

1. Gymnonychus californicus lunv species. 

Female. — Length 4.") mm.; veiy short and robust, shining; head 
densdy punctured, rather opaque; clyiiens very slightly emarginate; 
frontal crest wanting or very slightly indicated; antenna' very short, 
not fis long as head and thorax, liliform, third Joint longest; intercostal 
nearly at right angles with <;osta. interstitial with basal; venation other- 
wise normal ; stigma short, broad, ovate at base ; apex of costa strongly 
thickeiH'il; sheath broad, slightly emarginate beneath and acuminate 
at tip; claws simple. ( 'olor bhuik ; angles of i)ronotum, tegula', trochan- 
ters, apices of femora (particularly anterior pair), tibia', and tarsi yellow- 
ish ferruginous; the posterior tibia' and tar.si partic^ularly somewhat 
infuscated; veins, including stigma, and (^osta, dark brown; wings 
hyaline. 



123 



ping, 
|la\vs 
3e on 
fiila', 
lerior 
lowii : 



Eleven females, one collected at Bro(!kp'»rt, N. Y., the others Ined 
from larva' found on pear trees near SaiTainento. (Jal., the adults issu- 
in}«- in March. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

This sawrty was reported by Matthew Cooke to be very injurious! in 
1881-82 about Sacramento, Cal., and in adjoining? counties. It feeds on 
the leaves of i)ear trees, skeletoniziuj^ them more or less, somewhat after 
the manner of the common cherry and pear slujj. It forms little brown 
cocoons about the base of the tree, in which the larva* hibernate, the 
adults issuingearly in March. A second brood, apparently, was obtained 
in the latter part of A])ril, indicating the probable occurrence of several 
annual broods. Mr. Koebele also sent specimens of this sawtly from Na- 
toma, Cal., re])orting it to be most destruct ive to pear trees in that region. 
He also ]H)ticed the same species ovipositing on ]>ear trees at Santa 
Clara. If disturbed, the parent insect falls to the ground and remains 




Fm.W.— Oijmnoniicfiuncalifninieiis: a, l'cinalt<; 6, Literal view of tip of nbdomon, showing slieiilli 
aud ctTcus; c, (^law and imlvilliiM— all cnlargt'd (ori;;iiial). 

motionless for a time, with the. antenna' and legs bent closely to the 
body. The chara('teristi(! features of the adult insect are indicated in 
the accompanying figure (tig. 10). It is i)rol)able that this is the unde- 
termined pear sawlly referred to by Dr. J. A. Lintner as being very 
injurious in the Hammond nurseries, Cleneva, N. Y., May L'O, l.S!>t. 
(2nd llept. N. Y. State Entom., 1885, p. 5.) 

2. Gymnonychus proximatus Norton. 

IHGl. XemafiiH proximntim Norton. I'roc. l?ont. Soc. Nut. llifli.. viii, i>. IfiO. 

18(i7. Nematiia prtKrimatna Norton. Tnins. Am. Knt. Soc, i, jt. I'OL'. (Cat., etr., 

p. M). 
1878. Xematii8 2)roJ''tmatiiii Vriyvnnchor. Nat. Can., .\,]>. i"). 
18H!{. Xcmatns 2)ro.vhHatus Provanclier. Fann. Knt. Can. Ilym., p. 185. 

]\lal€. — Length 5.5 mm.; rsither slen«ler, shining; head and thorax 
punctured; clypeus stpnirely truncate; c.est of head rounded, almost 



I 

V 



124 

wanting: antennal fovea indistinct or wanting, at most very shallow; 
antenna' not very robust, tlattenod, tapering, .joints .i to a snbequal; 
venation normal; stigma not very robust, tapering; procidentia very 
broad, obtuse, strongly keeled; liypopygium broad, rouiuled at apex; 
claws without inner tooth. Color black; clypeus, labrum, and mouth 
parts pallid; angles of pronotum, teguhc, more or less of apical half of 
fi'mora, the anterior tibia' and tarsi, and the basal two-thirds of tibia* 
yellowish; more or less of l)a8es of femora, esjiecially of hind i)air and 
apices of hind tibia' and tarsi, and the tips of anterior tarsi brownish 
black; veins, including stigma and costa, the latter nearly to base, dark 
brown. 

One male. Canada. (Coll. Am. Rnt. Soc.) 
3. Gymnonychus appendiculatus llartig. 

1H2?>. 7VJ»/ij}/iora j»rt//i/'f« Lepelcticr. Moiiy;r. Tenth,, p.«50. 

lH;>r». Nemiiiiinjlt(r'q}tn\tii\\]\um\. Coiisiwct. Tt^ntli. Scan., ]).!>. 

1.S37. Xemnfiix npjyi'tKliriilatiis Ilurtifj. Kani. JMat. lloltz.. p. 202. 

18fir». I'ristiphora (jroxHularuv W.al.s]i. rnict. Knt., i, pp. 117-12.5. 

18<i0. Vr'ixtiphora ffronsiilaritr Wiilsli. I'ract. Ent., ii. ]ip. 20, 3;>. 

18157. PriHtiphora (iroasiiJnrin' Norton. Trans. Am. Knt., Soc. i. ]>. 77. 

18(17. I'riatqihora (iroHnnlavi(f WnXHh. Pract. Knt., il, ]). 121. 

18()8. I'l-iitfijihom riifipeH Fitch. 12th Ropt. Ins. N. Y., p. 908. 

ISti!!. I'rint'qthoro grossithirhr Walsh and Riley. Am. Knt., ii, i>i>. 12-22. 

1870. Printiphora firoHfiiilarhr Packar<l. (Jnido to Stndy of Ins., p 217. 

1870. Pr'iniiphora f/rossHhirhv (ilovor. Rcpt. U. S. Dtipt. Agr., p. 77. 

1875. Pfixlijyhorn grosHiilarhr rJlover. Rept. U. S. D«3i)t. Aj»r., p. 118. 

1877. Printiphorn <iroi>HuIarhv Riley. 9th Rcpt. Ins. Mo., pp. 23-2fi, 

1877. I'ristqyJioiii (ironnuhiritv Packard. Dth Rcpt. V. S. Geol. and (ioog. Siirv., 
187.">, p. 787. 

1877. l'rintiphoia f/ronsiilnriiv Glover. Rcpt. U. S. Dcpt. Agr., p. 92. 

1878. Pri8tij)hoya (iroxaiihivUv Provancher. Nat. Can., x, p. ~^(\. 
1880. Pristiphora (jrosHiilnriiv rvo\a\u'\\ev. Nat. Can., xii, p. 126. 
1880. Prixliphora firoxsiiJariw Thomas. r)th Rcpt. Ins. 111., p. (59. 
1880. PriHtijfhom riifipex Thnma^. .".th Rcpt. Ins. 111., p. 70. 

188,3. Pr'istiphorn (/rosxulariw Provancher. Faun. Knt. Can. Ilym., ii, p. 182. 

188;?. Prisliphora groHHuhir'uv Stoddard. Am. Kncycl., i, p. 1.3.5. 

1883. Priatiphora (iroxHuhirUr Saundcn-s. Ins. Inj. to Frnits, p. .313. 

1890. Prixtiphora appvudmilatn Konow. Dcntscb. Ent. Zeit., xxxiv, p. 217. 

Female. — Length o mm.; rather short, robust; head imrrow, not 
nearly so brosid as thorax; clypeus truncate; vertex smooth, shining; 
frontal crest nearly obsolete; antenna' slender, iiliform, scarcely 
longer than head and thorax, joints decreasing in length apically from 
third; antennal fovea very minute, circular; shefith scarcely project- 
ing, tapering, rather densely clothed with hairs; claws simple; first 
cubital cross vein entirely wanting. Color black, shining; teguLT, and 
legs light yellowish; bases of coxa' brown; anterior femora basally 
infuscjited; antennae fulvous or light yellowish beneath; wings nearly 
hyaline; veins and stigma yellowish brown. In some specimens the 
hind femora are also strongly infuscated. 






low; 
(iial • 
rcry 
)ex; 
)iith 
If of 
|il)ia> 
' and 
jnish 
flsirk 






Seveu females. New York, Illinois, Missouri, and Colorado. (Coll. 
U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

4. Gymnonychtts resinicolor new species. 

Female. — Lenjrth 5 uiii'.; moderately robust; elypeus sijuarely trun- 
cate; vertex smooth., shining; antennal fovea and ocellar basin obso- 
lete; autenme slender, scarcely tapering, third and fourth joints sub- 
ecjual; sheath not proiluced, rounded at tip; cerci very robust, short, 
acuminate; claws simple; intercostal vein nearly interstitial with basal; 
stigma broad, nmnded on lower margin. Color dark resinous, inclined 
to reddish; spot about ocelli, center of anterior lobe of mesonotum, 
most of metanotum, and the center of dorsum of abdomen brownish 
black; antenna' brownish above; wings clear; veins yellowish brown; 
stigma lighter, almost hyaline. 

One fenuile. Fort Wrangel, Alaska. Mi-. 11. F. VVh-kham, collector. 
(Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

XVilJ. Genus DINEURA Dahlbom. 

Dineiira Dubl., Coiispect. Tenth. Scuiul., p. 13, 181^5. 
SI'ECIES. 

amcricrtna Provaucher. Nat. Can., xiii, p. 292, $,1882. (Canada.) 

lateialin Norton. Trans. Am. Eut. Soc, I, p. 210, 9 , 18G7. (Maine.) 

linita Norton. Trans. Am, Eut. Soc, i, p. 210, 9 , 1867. (Maine.) 

litura King. Ma<^. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, via, p. 83, 9 , l^H ; Norton. Trans. Am. 

Eut. Soc, I, p. 240, 1867. (Georgia.) 
luteipcn Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viu, p. 11, <? , 1880. (Canada and Maine.) 
pallida Ashmead. 13ull. Col. Biol. Assn., i, p. 15, 9 , 1«90. (Colorado.) 

The species linita and latctalls are very closely allied, if not identical, 
and lutcipcs may prove to be merely the nmle of one of them. 



XIX. Genus HEMICHROA Stephens. 

//e/uic/(»-oa Stoph. 111. Brit. Ent., Mandib., \ ii, p. y.j, is:{8. 

SPKCIKS. 

albidorariata Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, iv, p. SI, 9, 1872. (Texas and 

Florida. ) 
fniternalia J^orton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, iv, p. 81, J, l^T2. (Texas.) 
iiiijrivans Cameron. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 182, 1881. (Mexico.) 

The second species, //v<<t'/Ha^/«, will very probably prove to be the 
male of the tirst, as indicated both by resemblance and habitat. 



12fi 



APPENDIX. 

DKSC'KirTlONS (»!' SI'KCIKS TIIK TYI'KS ( H' 

INACCESSIHLE. 



NMIICII AKK LOST *»K 



The types of tlu; foll()\viii}>' spocios Imve eitbcr beeir lost or are inacces- 
sible. The latter api)lies to the species tlescribed by William F. Kirby, 
the types of which are in the IJritish Must'iin. It is probable that 
Eschscholtz's two si)ecies are not now obtainable. Of the other species, 
one each described by Say, flitch, and Walsh, and the rest by Norton, 
the typo specimens are lost and I have been either unable to recoj>nize 
them from the rather inadei|uate descriptions or to secure additional 
specimcp:; representing them. A few of these species are so character- 
ized that it is possible with tolerable accuracy to refer them to genera, 
and in such cases 1 have indicated the i>robable genus to which they 
belong. Some of those referred to Pteronioi may, however, belong to 
Amnuronematus, and some of those referred to Pachynemattis may 
belong," elsewhere. The descriptions by Kirby are so in,ade<iuate that 
nothing can be determined of the position or relationship of his species, 
and to i>ropcrly refer them will necessitate an examination of the types 
themselves. The species the genera of which can not be determined, 
are all given under the old term Xcitiotus, though probably n(me of 
them belong in this genus as now restricted. The original descriptions 
are ciuoted without change, and, other than those of Kirby's species, 
are taken from Norton's Catalogue. 

INDKX TO Sl'KCIKS. 



jihbottii Kirby 5 22 

ciilais Kirby 9 12 

ciistanous Kirby 9 13 

era88U8=obtn&u8 IJ) 

cxtriiuous Kirby 9 1 1 

f!ill!ix= nortonii ") 

fur Walsli (? 1 

hiidsoiiiciis Norton 9 - 

incoiispicuiis Kirby 9 1"> 

liitfiruliH Norton 9 <$ 

longicornis Eschsclioltz ( 9 l'> 

lonynlieornis Norton </ 9 I 



nialacu8 Noiton 9 8 

nionela Norton cf H 

neglectns Kirby 9 17 

nortonii Dalla Tone ^ , 5 

nijjritus Norton 9 - - - - , , - 9 

obscnrus Norton 9 18 

obtnsiis Kirby (90 19 

rnfotasciiatua Norton 9 <» 

satkatcbt^wan Norton ? 7 

suinptns Norton cf - - 10 

Hiiratus Fitcli ( 9 f ) 2(1 

trii'urcatus Kirby 9 ,,,,.. 21 



1. Amauronematus (?) fur Walsh. 

18(56. yematuafiir Wal.sb. Proc. Knt. Sor., Pliila., vi, p. 2iYA. 

18G7. ^V<)n»fl/H». /■/()• Norton. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc, i, p. 200. (Cat., wtc, p. 68.) 

I8!>i3. XematKn fur Miirhiti. I'roc. Knt. Soc, Wasb., iii. p. 2t!7. 

Male. — Leni?th 0,39 incb ; br. wing 0.38 incli ; bl.ack; bead oitatpie, very ininiitcly 
and closely punetnate, rngosc; clyjx'ns, labrnni, tlie extreme tip of tbe cbeek, and 
tlie base of tbe mandibbis all dull L^roenisb wbite; clypens emarginate in a circuhir 
arc of ab(»ut 15 , witb a small tubercle in tbe middle of it.s anterior margin ; labrnm 
fully as long as wide, its tip rounded; antennn' bliick, four-liftbs aa long as body, 
ratber more compressed tban is usual in males, fourtb and tlftb joints eipial in 
lengtb, tbird sborter by onts-fourtb; tborax <»pa(|Uo, very minutely rugose, snbpol- 



127 



yii 

fces- 

bliut 
3ies, 



H 

u 

17 

f) 

9 
18 
19 

(i 

7 
10 
20 
21 



islit!(l oil tho jiectiiH; a i>al»' siilitriimniilar tiilivrclu mi t\w, latural inur^in i>f the 
hlaik, NiihpoliHlu'il, hasal plate; aliiluiiicii Kubpolislu'tl, lirif^ht tulvo-riiriiiiH, tli« 
liasal o«lj;e of joint 1, next tli« basal niciiiliraiif, which is whitish, cluiideil with 
Iilack; fjeuitals ohCiiMCiitml; U'lrn hhick; wiuys subliyaliuc, slightly tiiigt-d with 
rMli,!,'iuou.s; veins uikI sti^juia black. 

hock Ibluiul, 111. 

Hue iiiulo liroil March 29, from au ohl siibpiMliinch-d spherical <?all of t\cidomyia 
». Iiiilatna Walsh, on S. hitmUh. Fenialo unknown. Ah tho mother sawlly must 
have (lepusitetl her efjf^ in this {jull after tho gall maker hail quit it, or not long 
before, it is a (piestiou if this species can bo considered an in<|iiiliuc. 

Thero ia very littlo doubt but that this is tlm same with .V. Iiiteoltrtjum male, whiuh 
only dirt'ers in having tho legs in jiart piceous and iu being somewhat Biiialler. 

(See note 2, p. 22.) 

2. Fteronus (?) hndsonicus Norton. 

1807. Nemalnx hiuhonicim Norton. Trans. Am. Ent, Soc, i, p. 207. (Cat., etc., 
p. t59.) 

Iilack ; orbits, mouth, toguhe, anterior angle, venter, and logs, except a black line 
Oil two posterior pair, white; length O.IW; ]>r. wings 0.70 inch. 

Female. — Antenna' less than half as long as the body. Joints cylinoiiCiil, somewhat 
euhirged at tip, third and fourth of equal length; sutures at sides of ocelli deep; 
ocelli iu a triangular basin; nasus very slightly emarginate; orbits, space about 
antenna; and mouth beneath, tegr.he, anterior angle (a black lino iu middle), and the 
venter whitish, tho latter with a row of black spots on each side forming au inter- 
rupted black lino; sciitel large, produced behind a slightly raised angle; legs <lull 
white, with tho basal upper half of anterior femora, a lino down tho upper side of 
posterior femora, and tibia- aud their tarsi black; anterior inner spur of tibia- blunt, 
bifid; inner tooth of claw largo; wings hyaline; stigma and costa brown ; emargiua- 
tion of stigma distinct. 

One female. Fort Good Hope, Mackeny.io Kiver, Hudson Bay Territory (It. Kon- 
nicott). 

3. Fteronus (?) lateralis Norton. 

1867. Nematus laieralix Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, l, ]». 211. (Cat., etc., )». 73.) 

Black; orbits, face below antenna-, pleura, body, body beneath (except breast), 
and legs pale; length 0.38; br. wings 0.76 inch. 

Female. — Antennae half tho length of body, joints cylindrical, third aud fourth 
equal, slightly enlarged at tips; sutures at sides of ocelli deep; lower ocellus in a 
shallow circular space, which has a distinct ridge around its upper half; nasus iiio- 
duced, distinctly emarginate in middle aud at sides; tongue and palpi dark, last 
joiut of maxillary palpi shorter than the preceding; tho whole orbits as far as 
sutures, two spots behind ocelli, a spot above antenna-, sjiace around, and face below 
reddish white; sutures of metathorax and a bent lino between upper wings crossing 
upper half of scutel rufous; tegula-, anterior angle, pleura, aud body beneath except 
a black spot on breast reddish white; legs the same color; tarsi fusctius; a slender 
black lino on tho upper ami lower side of femora, aud less distinctly on tho posterior 
tibial ; anterior inner tibial spur bifid; inner claw tooth lajgo aud near the tiji; 
wings hyaline; nerviires black; stigma pale, with littlo or no oinaiginati(m above; 
second recurrent nerviire received at a distance from tho intersection of second anil 
third cells. 

Var. Abdomen almost entirely pale. 

Three females. Brunswick, Me. (A. 8. Packard). Albany, N. Y. (Dr. I'eck). 

Tliis species, tliougU distinct tioni, seems somewhat closely allied to 
my hyalinus n. sp. 



128 



4. Pteronus longulicornis Noitou. 

18o5. ycmatiin lunijivuru'm Say. liustou Jouru. Nat. Hist., i, i». 21"J. 
1859. Xcmatus louijiconiin .Say. Le('out«3, Say's Eutoiut;logy, ii, }». U7'J. 
1801. Xeinahm loiiyivoniis Norton. Proc. L>ost. Soc. Nat. Hist., \ iii, p. 15S. 
1807. Xemal ua luHijulivorniti }iortoi>. Traus. Aiu. Eut. Soc, i, p. lill. (Cat.,ct(5., 
p. 70.) 
Black; orbits, lace l»elo\v antouiiii-, tcgul;i', anterior angle, pleura (excei)t bhuk 
spot on female), tlie whole body beneath, anil legs whitish. Length 0.20; br, wings 
0.51 inch. 

Female. — Hody rather l(»ng; antenna- black, more than two-thirds the body, slen- 
der, third ami I'oiirth Joints etjiial ; head rather smooth; sutures at sides of ocelli 
distinct; lower ocellus iu a basin, which is smooth and shining, obovate, with dis- 
tinct edges; iiasus angulate, emai'ginate; labrum emarginate; a spot ou vertex from 
antenna' to sununit, anil the back of head black; remainder pale; a slender ridge 
runs through the groove ou anterior lobe of thorax; the teguhc, anterior augle, 
]deura, ami whole body beneath whitish, except two black spots on pleura, the ante- 
rior one large and lunulate; scutel black; sutures of abdomen iudistinctly pale; legs 
pale, with the apical half of hinder femora and tibia- and their tarsi blackish; inner 
tooth of claws large and near the tip; wings hyaline; stigma full; uervures and 
stignui piceous; base of stigma and costa pale. 

Male. — Auteuna- fulvous beuoath, tiiird Joint shorter than fourth, curved at base; 
a straight, black lino r.inler the anterior wings; tips of jtosterior tibia- blackish, their 
fenuira pale; stignui color of costa. 

Iowa (Say), Coinieetieut, New York, renusylvania, (Jreat Slave Lake, Hudson 
l$ay ferritory. 

This specie.s seems to be allied to conitlll ii. si!. 

5. Pteronus (?) nortonii J)alUi Tone. 

1807. \cmalna J'allax Norton. Tra.is. Am. Lnt. Soe., i, p. 11)8. (Cat., etc., p. 00.) 
1894. Nematits nortonii Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym., i, p. 1'40. 

Black ; mouth, cheeks, apex of venter, aud tibia- in part rcddiali white; a black line 
down the tibia- above; body sk-iider; length 0.18 to 0.20; br. wings O.4lto0.18 inch. 

Male. — Shining black; body slender; anteuna- rather long and slender, ferruginous 
beneatli; nasus hardly inciirveil aud with nutiith below; lower half of cheeks aud 
a|>ex of venter yellow red; legs at base black, below tlie base of femora yellow red, 
with a blackish liiu; <lown their u[)[>er side; inner anterior tibial spur stout; inner 
tooth of claw nearly as large as outer; wings perfectly hyaline, uidesceut; stigma 
somewhat rounded al)ovc and with the costa palegreeiiish. 

Labrador (A. S. Packard, jr.). Two males, 



(>. Pteronus rufofasciatus Norton. 

1807. AVma/H» M»/(>-/V(.sci((^(» Norton, Trans, Am. I'.nt, Soc, i.p, 205. (Cat., etc, 
p. 07.) 

Black; a band ou the middle of abdomen and most part of legs rufous; wings 
smoky hyaline; length 0. HI ; br, wings 0,70 inch. 

/'Vhi«/('.— iiluck ; body long and moder ^dy stout; aiitenua- alxmt two-thirds the 
length of body, slender, eyliiidrical, third Joint but little longer than fourth; head 
dull, with coars)^ etwilliient ])uuctures; nasus coarsely punctured, deeply channeled 
ac'oss the middle, aiigulat(s emarginate; lidge of labrum inciirvcil; outer orbit 
uud a spot opposite (xti;!!! mi oiudi sidi*, labrum, and palpi rufous; upper half of 
anterior angle and basin on eiich side of scutel rufous; abdmiien, except the biisiil 
plates and three apiiNil sc^gments, chestnut red; logs tin- s.inio cidor; coxa-, except at 
tip, black; anterior inner tibial spur stout| apparently hi lid; inner claw tuoth lurge; 
wings smoky hyaline, uervures pieuoiis; stigma and costa pale. 

Mtiekeuisic Kiver, Hudson May Territory (K', Keiinieutt). 



129 



Itc,., 

li;gs 

ilcu- 

;olli 

|dis- 

I'roiu 

'«!«« 
nte- 

mer 
au'l 



7. PteronuB (?) satkatchewan Norton. 

1867. yematua aatkatvhewaii Norton. Truus. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 20(). (Cat., etc., 

p. 62.) 
1878. Xematna natkatcheivan Provanclier. Nat. Can., x, p. 56. 
1883. Xematus satkatchewan Provanclier. Fann. Knt. Can. Hyni., p. 187. 

li!ack; tegwla- black; lireast rufous; legs mostly yellow red; wings liyjiline; length 
0.;;*<; br. wingH 0.76 inch. 

/•'<!?»io?e. — Shining black; body long; antenmr long and slender, apical Joint shorter 
than the preceding; the ocelli, seen from before, are each in a separate basin; 
nasus incurved ; fourth joint of paljd short, tifth and sixth longer and very slender; 
thorax jtolished; labrnni piceous; a largo chestuut-red spot on pectus; legs same 
color; the trochanters and anterior tarsi whitish ; posterior tibia-, except at their base, 
and their tarsi black; anterior tibial inner spur stout, blunt pilose so as to appear 
bitid; inner claw tooth largo; wings hyaline; stigma black. 

Lake Sathkatchewan (Smithsonian Institution). One female. 

8. Fachynematus (?) malacus Norton. 

1867. Nematua vialacua Nortoti. Trans. Am. Eut. Soc, i, p. 1"J6. (Ciit., etc., i». 58.) 

1878. Xematua malacm Provaucher. Nat. Can., x, i). 53. 

1883. Nematua malacus Provanchor. Faun. Eut. Can. Hym., p. 185. 

Black; toguhe, trochanters, and legs below knees pale; lengtu 0.28; br. wings 
0.60 inch. 

Female. — Shining black ; body short and stout; antenna- slender, joints of nearly 
equal length ; lower ocellus in a shallow basin ; nasus hardly incurved ; teguhi- and col- 
lar whitish; coxa^, femora, andtipsof posterior tibia- and of all the tarsi black; claws 
slightly dentate within; trochanters, anterior femora before, tibia-, and tarsi except 
at tip white; wings hyaline; stigma and costa pale greenish, second submargiual 
widest at lirst recurrent nervure. 

Labrador (A. S. Packard, jr.). Three females. 



9. Fachynematus (?) nigritus Norton. 

1861. Xematua niyriliia Norton. Proc. ISost. Soc. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 150. 

1867. Xematus niyritiiaT^ortou. Trans. Am. Ent. iSoc, i,p.20l. (Cat., etc., p. (i3.) 

Black; outer orbits and mouth, tegula-, upox of abthtmen, and legs in part pale; 
length 0.21; br. wings 0.48 inch. 

Female. — Black; body slender; antenna- two-thirds tlie length of body, slightly 
tlatteued and enlarged at joints, third joint shorter than fourth; nasus hardly emar- 
giuato; an (Uitor orbital lino as high as suture, edge of nauns and beneath p:ile pice- 
ous; toguhe and apex of abdomen and several apical segments of vertex yellowish; 
trochanters, apical half of femora, tibiii- except tips of hinder pair, and base of 
tarsi reddish white; remainder black; inner toctth of claw very short, blunt and 
distinct from outer tooth; wings hyaline, nervures piceous, middle of stigma and 
base of costa paler; second submargiual cell with one angle below, the second recur- 
rent nervure coinciding with dividing nervtire. 

Connecticut. Two nniles. This may bo the male of -V, aubalbatua. 

10. Fachynematus (?) sumptus Xorton. 

IK67. \imat us Aumptua fiortni) . Trims. Am. Ent. Soc.,i, it.2()7. (Cat., etc., p.6!».) 

' Black; mouthy orbits, an<l tegula- white; basal half of abdomen, spot on |)leura; 
and most part of legs rufous; lengtli 0.28; br. wings 0.62 iiuh. 

Male. — Hody long; head large; mouth below antenna-, the outer orbits extending 
over the back of head, and a narrow inner orbital line interrupted opposite ocelli 
yuUuw; nasus emarginato; tegula- and anterior angle whitish; ubdumen chestnut 

i;JUJ>— No. 3 — u 



130 



red, the two apical segments blackish; au indistinct, piceous, perpendicular spot on 
pleura near breast; coxiu and trochanters whitish; remainder of legs rufous, paler 
before, except the posterior tibise and tarsi, which are blackish; hinder iibiiP some- 
what swelled; inner tooth of claws very obtuse, hardly visible; wings hyaline, 
faintly smoky ; stigma dark brown. 
Maine (A. S. Packard). One male. 

11. Lygseonematus (?) monela Norton. 

1867. Xematua monela Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. ItW. (Cat., etc., p. (iO.) 

1878. Nematua monela Provancher. Nat. Can., x, p. 51. 

1883. Xematua monela Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Ilym., p. 181. 

Black; mouth, spot on cheeks, teguhe, collar, and venter pale; base of eoxic and 
of femora and tips of hinder tibiic black ; length 0.20; br. wings 0. 18 inch. 

Male. — Black; body slender; antenna- slightly compressed, third joint hardly as 
long as fourth; lower ocellus in a small basin; nasus emarginate; edge of nasus, 
labrum, and spot at base of mandibles white; teguhu, two edges of anterior angle, 
and apex of venter yellow red; legs yellow red; trochanters white; base of coxie, 
base of femora and a line beneath extending nearly to tip, apex of posterio-- tibia', 
and their tarsi black; inner apical tarsal spur blunt; inner claw tooth small and 
widely separated from outer; wings hyaline; stigma and costa pale, waxen color. 

Labrador. Two males. (Mr. Packard.) 

13. Nematiis Calais Kirby. 

1882. Xematua calais Kirby. List, Ilyni. Brit. Mus.f i, p. 144. 

Exp. al. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 4 lin. 

Female. — Head and thorax black, linely punctured; pleura and pectus shining; 
abdomen testaceous, the last two segments blackish; legs testaceous, four IVont 
femora blackish at base, i.. triiiediate tibiae with a dark line above; hind tibia- and 
tarsi blackish, the former rather wide'-.od and flattened; wings hyaline, with 
piceous stigma and nervures; fore wings clouded in the middle, and with apparently 
only three submarginal cells, the two first being divided by a white norvure. 

Arctic America, Mackenzie River. 

13. Nematus oastaneus Kirby. 

1882. Xematua caataneua Kirby. List llym. Brit. Mus.,i, p. 147. 
1893. Xematua caataneua McdiWivriiy. Can. Ent., xxv, p. 2H7. 

Exp. al. 9 lin. ; long. corp. H lin. 

Female. — Chestnut color; head, nn-sothorax, and pleura darker; antenuii-, a large 
B(iuare spot on the vertex, a spot in front of the thorax, and the pectus black; an 
irregular spot covering the hinder half of the sciuclliuii, the postscutelliini, a por- 
tion of the flrst segment of the abdomen, and extremities of hind tibia- atid hind 
tarsi dusky; wings hyaline, fore wings slightly yellowish; stignui and nervures 
piceous. 

Hudson Bay, St. Martin's Falls, Albany Kiver. 

14. Nematus extraneus Ivirby. 

1H82. Xematua ej-lianeua Kirby. List ilym. Brit. Mus., i, jt. 142. 
Exp. al. 7 lin. ; long. corp. 11 lin. 

Female. — Testaceous; two basal Joints of antenna-, a large irregular B]>ot on ver- 
tex, and thn-e large spots on t\ui th(U-ax black; alxlonuMi witli a black band in 
the middle, covi-ring most of the three first segments and e\))an(l(Ml on the three 
following ones, ceasing with segments 7 and H, on which it is tiof expanded; 
extremities of hind tibia- and of joints of hind tarsi sliglitly nuirked with Itlackish 
abov»-; wings hyaline; costa and stigma ]»ale yellowish ; three submargiiuil cells. 

Hudson Bay, St. Martin's Falls, Albany Kiver 



15. 



18. 



131 



)t on 
lialur 
lotne- 
Uine, 



kfiO.) 



|i' and 



15. NematuB inconspicuus Kii-by. 

1882. Neinatiis iiiconsjticuitH Kir'>y. T^ist Hyni. Brit. Mus.. i, p. 141. 

Exp. ill. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 4 lin. 

Female. — Ileiul, autennn', thorax, and pectns black; mouth and prothorax yellow*- 
ish; abdomen black above and testaceous beneath, with a narrow border on the 
Bides and at the back of each segment; legs testaceous; wings hyaline; costa yel- 
lowish; throe submarginal cells. 

New York. 

IG. Nematus longicornis Eschsclioltz. 

1822. Xematiis longiconm Eschscholtz Eutoniogr.,p. 98. 

1823. Nematus loiigicornia Eachseholl/. Nat. Abh. Dorp., i, p. 149. 

18(57. NemaUia lomjicornis Norton. Trans. Am. Pint. Soc, i, p. 202. (Cat., etc., p. 64.) 

lilack, with the margin of tergum fuscous ; the venter and legs pale, posterior 
femora black, costa of wings pale, stigma brown, head black, labrum yellowish, 
eyes clear gray ; length 2.} lines; antennic longer than tlie moiety of body, setaceous, 
black; corselet black, its anterior border forming a yoUowisii collar; abdc nen wido, 
Hat ; back brownish ; lateral margins of a clear yellow ; venter yellow ; wings longer 
than the body, narrow, transparent; costa yellow ; stigma iv.\ nervnrcs brown ; three 
discoidal cells; h^gs yellow,* posterior femora black-brown in the middle. 

Isle of IJualaska, Russian America. 

17. Nematus neglectus Kiiby. 

1882. Nemutua nenleclns Kirby. List llym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 147. 

Exp. al. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 4 lin. 

Female. — Head and thorax black; mouth and prothorax pale; a more or less com- 
plete testaceous ring around the eyes; sides of jtcctus sometimes with a dull rni'ons 
spot; abdomen testaceous, llrst two segments bla<^k .it base above; legs testaceous; 
front femora black at base ; middle femora and hind legs black; hind tibiae rufous 
beneath; wings hyaline, male with three and female with four submarginal cells; 
stignui yellowi.sh. 

Hudson Hay, St. Martin's Falls. 

18. Nematus obsourus Norton. 

18r)l. .Vtmatiia ubacunia Norton. Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 100. 

1867. Xemat na ohacnnia ^iortim. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 20,{. ((."at., etc., p. 65.> 

Dull black; teguhe. base of abdomen, and knees indistinctly ferruginous; length 
0.25; br. wings 0.58 inch. 

Female. — Black, pubescent; third Joint of antenna^ a little hmger than fourth; 
clypeuscrenatc; labrum brownish red, shining; mandibles rufous atti]i; palpi pale; 
a longitudinal groov(< upon scutelluui; basal membrane, sides of tergum, knees, and 
front of tibia) indistinctly ferruginous; abdomen stout; wings faintly clouded; 
stigma dull fuscous; costa black. 

Massachusetts. 

19. Nematus obtuBus Kirby. 

1822. AVmo/«« c»'fls««8 Eschscholtz. Entoniogr., p. 213. 

1823. NematiiH rraaaua Eschscholt/,. Nattirw. Abh. Morp., i, p. 119. 

1867. .\vmaliiH vraaaiia NorUm. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc, i. p. 213. (Cat., etc., p. 75.) 
1882. Xemaliia obtiiaiis Xirby. List llyin. Brit. Mus.. i. p. 148. 
Black; sides of the head, lines mu the thorax, scntr/llum, and pleura chestnut; 
tibia- pale; length I liiu's. 
Body thick; head black in the middle, of a nut brown mi the sides; parts <>f the 



132 

mouth yellow: antenna^ longer than the moie^ - of the body, filiform, black; border 
of the corselet brown; two btngitudiual lines on the thorax; scutel and iihe greater 
part of the thorax of a chestnut brown; abdomen convex, shining black; wings 
longer than the body, wide, transparent; stig.na and costa yellow ; nervures brown ; 
marginal cell simple, extending almost to the tip ; three discoidal cells ; legs yellow ; 
a long black spot under the anterior femora; posterior femora black, at the extrem- 
ity yellow. 
Isle of Unalaska, Russian America. Not seen (Norton). 

20. Nematus suratus Fitch. 

185fi. Nematus suratus Fitch. 3d Kept. N. Y. Agr. Soc, p. 315, No. 94. (3rd Kept. 

Ins. N. Y., p. 68.) 
1861. Nematus suratus Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., v iii, p. 159. 
1867. Nematus suratus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 196. (Cat., etc , p. 60.) 
Black, with foi.'r transparent, slightly smoky wings; mouth, cloud-like spot on the 
shoulders, edges of abdominal segments, and logs livid white; the four anterior 
thighs being black upon their undersides and the hinder pair wholly black, except 
at their base; length 0.25 inch ; to the tip of wing 0.30 inch. 
New York. Not seen (Norton). 
F^od-plant, cherry. 

21. Nematus trifiircatus Klrby. 

1882. Nematus trifurcatus Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 148. 

Exp. al. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 4 lin. 

/'em«?c.— Testaceous; antenna' black; a largo square black spot on vertex; three 
large black spots in fr >nt and on the sides of the thorax, sometimes nearly conlluent; 
hinder half of the scutellum black ; all the segments of the abdomen except the last 
(beyond wliich the black tips of the saws and sheaths project) are more or less 
broadly banded with purplish black in the middle; sides and under surface testa- 
ceous; fectus black in the middle; a black lino down tlie hind legs; wings hyaline; 
nervures piceous; stigma yellowish; three submarginal cells. 

This species appears to be allied to N. crassus Esch. {ohiusus Kirby), irom Alaska. 

Hudson Bay, St. Martin's Falls, Albany Uiver. 

22. Nematus abbotii Kirby. 

1882. Uijitola'pus abhotii Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., pp. .324-325. 

Exp. al. 11 lin. ; long. corp. 6 lin. 

/'Vmrt/c— Blue black, shining; third segment of abdomen testaceous on the sides, 
and less distinctly so above; wings irideseeiit, clear hyaline toward the base, and 
more dusky beyond, with blackish nervures. 

North America ((looigia). Probably from Abbott's collection. 



rtler 
ater 
ings 

|)wn; 

|iow; 

rein- 



lept. 

60.) 

tlie 

erior 

ccept 



INDEX TO GKNERA AND SPECIES. 



Pagi). 

abbotiiCNematiis?) 132 

al)(l<>niiiiali8 (Pa<iliyncmatu8) 104 

aciimiiiatn (Pontania) 32 

icqiialin (Priophorus) 20 

afflnis (Pachynematns) 97 

agiliH (Pontania) 28 

alliiduvariata (Heuiichroa) 125 

alltirieta (Euura) 20 

Aniaiirunematns 75 

aroerirana (Dineiira) 125 

Anoplnnyx 20 

antennatiiB (PteronuH) 61 

apicaliH ( Pachy ueniatus) 107 

appeniliciilattiH (GyninonyckuH) 124 

atcr (Pacliynnniatua) 102 

atra (Pontania) 37 

atricepB (•'teronus) , 52 

atri vfitris ( Pontania) 38 

anrautinciiH (Pachynomatus) 95 

aiiratiiH (Paoliyneraatus) 99 

nurntna (Pterouiis) CO 

aiirpopectiis • - cxtensioornis (Parhyiuana- 

tu8) 96 

auritii' (Camponisciis) (Kmope) 18 

bankHi (Pri.stipliora) 117 

bicolor (Anoplonyx) (Kurop*') 18 

bit'olor(Ptoronus) 56 

bivittata(Pri8tiphora) 120 

borcaliw (Araauroneniatus) "^ 

bruncri (Pontania) ' j 

briinnLMis (AmauroneinatuR) 85 

calain (Neniatus ?) 130 

ciilironiicB (Pontania) 38 

californicuH ( Aniaiironcniatux) 85 

californiciiH (( JymnonycliMs) 122 

californicns (Pteronus) 00 

CaniponisciiH 20 

carinthiat'UH (CaniponiscnH) (RuroptO 18 

canilini'DHiH (PacliynoniatuR) 100 

faroIinonniH (PriHti]iliora) 120 

ciiHlnncus (N<MnntU8?) 130 

clwilccuB (AniaiirononmtiiB) 84 

c'lilort'ii8(N<>niatua) 90 

Clmlins 19 

cly peatuH ( PachynumatuH) 102 

C()loratlen8iH (ParliynoniatuH) 101 

co1ora4lnn8iH (Pri8tiphora) 121 

rolorartenHiH (Ptcronus) 52 

coniHt4M'ki (AniMurononiat\i8) 77 

roncolor ( Ainaiironnnaliia) 77 

cooki (Aniauroni!niatii8) 79 

O0(|uillut(i (AniaiiroiieniiitUB) 84 



Pngo. 

Cornell! (Pteronua) 65 

I'orniger ( PachyneniatuH) 104 

cory1ii8 (Pteronus) 57 

crasana -- obtusim (Nomatna) 131 

cressoni (Pontania) 26 

Cro'sus 86 

ilecoratUH (Pteronus) 73 

(leHinotlioidea (Pontania) 40 

rliniinockii (Paebynejnatus) 94 

Dinoura 125 

tliaeolor ( AniauroneniatuR) 82 

dorsivittatus — vertcliratiis (Pteronus) 68 

(lubius (Pteronus) 74 

dyari (Priatiphorn) 118 

dyari (Pteronus) 58 

cdwardMii (Ptcronus) 63 

ericlisonii (Lygtponematus) Ill 

ery throgaster ( Pteronus) 57 

Kuura 20 

excavata ( Pontania) 30 

excavatui* (Amauroncniatus) 85 

extenaioornis (Pacbynematns) 96 

extraneus (Neniatus ?) 130 

fallax - -- nortonii (Pteronus 7) 128 

Havii)e8 -- appendiculatua (ftymnonyobns) . 124 

foveatus (Pteronus) 55 

fraternalia (Heniiv)iroa) 125 

fulvicrua (Pteronwa) 58 

fulvi|)e8(AniauronenuituH) 81 

fur (Aniauroneniatua.') 120 

fylesi (Pteronus) 54 

graciliH (Aniauroneniatua) 78 

gracilis (Pontania) . , 39 

graniinis ( Pacbynematua) 100 

gregarius (TriclilocanipiiM) 20 

grosMularia' --- appendiciilatus ((Jyniiiony- 

cbus) 124 

(lyiuiionychuH 122 

barringtoni (Ptcronus) 53 

Iloniicbroa 125 

Holcocnenic 87 

boodi ( PachyncnialuB) 104 

hoodi(PrlatipIiora) 119 

bospcs poiuuni (Pontania) :i6 

budsonicus (Ptcronus/) 127 

budsoiiii (Pteronus) 59 

budaonii niagniis — budsonii (PteroniiH) 09 

liyalina (Pontania) 37 

byalinua (Ptcronus) 07 

Hy])olicpus 132 

idcntiduni idiota (Prialiphora) 118 

idiuta ( PriBtlpliora) U8 



134 



Page. 

iticonHpiciinuH ( Netnatua U 131 

infiimatus (PaohyiK'nialus) 107 

inqiiilinnH — ileannMUoiil<'.s(roiitani;i) ;. 40 

intogor (IMeroims) 69 

iridesrens (Pteron\i8) 72 

isoincra^^ pectiniconiis (Cla<'.MiB) 19 

Jocularis (Pri8tii)lioi'a).4 119 

kiiicnidi (Pontatiia) 33 

kincaidi (Ptoroiins) 55 

koeliclei (Pachy iieniatus) 108 

kcMiboU-i (Pristipliora) 119 

koebclei (Pteronus) 71 

labradoris (Prislipliora) 115 

lata (Prlstlphora) 116 

laternlif) (I)inoiira) 125 

lateralis (Pteroniia .') 127 

latifasciatns (Ptoronua) 50 

laticiiliis (('rii-aiis^ 86 

latitaraus (Cnrsiis) 80 

latus (Pteronus) 48 

Leptopus ; . . 18 

limbatiis (Ptcroiins) 49 

liiK-atiis (Amauroiieniatna) 83 

linita(Diiii'iira) 125 

litura (l)in(Mira) 125 

lonibardin (I'terrni s) 73 

loiifiicoruis (Xcniatus?) 131 

longicornis ( Pteronus) 72, 128 

longulit'ornis (Ptfronus .') 128 

lurulivcntris (Oampouiscun) (Europe) 18 

luteipes ( Ainauroneniatus) 70 

lutt'ipt'8 (Diuoura) 125 

lutcoln ( Prist ii)bora) 121 

lutfoterguni (Auiauront'niiilus) 82 

lutpscona-- viniiualis ('rricliiooampus) 20 

LyKa'oiicmatMs Ill 

magus ( Pteronus) 67 

malaiuia (I'acb.vncmntuH.') 129 

innrlattii (I'teroniis) 52 

inarylandicus — oxtcnsicorniH (I'ao.liynema- 

tus) 90 

nu-llinn (Poutania) 29 

uii'ndii'ua (Pteronus) 69 

Mossa 37 

nuixicana (Kuura) 20 

ui<'xi<'aiiua (Nematua) 88 

Microucniatus 110 

uiilitaris (Pterouus) 03 

minntua (I'acbyneniiituH) 110 

nu)Mil(> (Piintania) 43 

luonela (Lypi'oucniatus?) 130 

uionochronui (Pteronus) 74 

nionti vagus ( Pachy nenuitua) 101 

nnirt fcldtia' (I'ristipbora) 117 

Ni-nial us 87 

negli'ctus (Neinatusf) . i;tl 

uevadcnsis (Pat'liynnniatus) 110 

ncvadensis (l>on(ania) 29 

nigra (Enura) 20 

nigra (I'risti)ibora) 114 

uigricims (Iloniicliro:!) 125 

nigrita (I'nntania) 27 

nigritna (I'acbynrinatnH .') : . . 129 

nlgroCenioratua ( Aniauroneniatns) 79 

nigropectus (PiiobynematiiB) 103 

nortouil (PleromiH?) 128 



Page. 

notabilia — oriohsonii (LygH!onematna) 111 

obscurtis (Xoinatus.') 131 

obtusus (Ni-niatus !) 131 

oceidentalis ( Paoby nematua) lOH 

occirtentalis (Pristipbora) 121 

occulentalis (Pteronus) 48 

ocreatus ( PacbyiieuiatUs) 95 

odoratua ( Pteronus) 05 

orbitalis (Amaurouematus) 8D 

orbi talis ( Euura) 20 

oregonensis (Amaurouematus) 80 

ovatus (Anopbmyx) (Europe) 18 

PacbynemnKis 91 

liacitica ( Pontaiiia) 35 

paoiflrus (Pteronus) 49 

pallicornis (Pontania) 27 

pallida (Uinoura) 125 

pallidiventralisr-palliventria (Pacliynema- 

tUH) 100 

pallilrons (Pontania) 42 

pallipea — appendiculntus (Itymnonycbus). 121 

palli ventria ( Pacbynemal us) 100 

parva (Pontania) 26 

)iertinicornia (('!adius) 19 

pectoralis ( Vmauronematiis) 81 

pectoralis (Anoplonyx) (Europe) 18 

pectoralis (Pontania) . 31 

pergandei (Neniatus) 90 

l)erturbans~a,ovinn (Euura) 20 

piuguidoraum (Pterouua) 71 

pisiiui (Pontania) 33 

placenta ( Pontania) 42 

pleuricua ( Pacby neniatus) 100 

])omuni (Pontania) 30 

Pontania 20 

pontunioidcs (Nematua) 89 

populi (Pterouns) 09 

I'riopliorus 20 

Pristipbora 113 

proximatua ((lymnonycbiia) 123 

Ptoronua , 44 

pubescens (Pacbynematus) 100 

puuctulatus (Pacbynematus) 103 

pyril'orniis (Pontania) 43 

qucrcicola — pisuni (Pontania) 33 

(liHTcus (Pteronus) 07 

rapax (Amaurouematus) 78 

relativa (Priatipliora) 117 

resiuicida (Pontania) 30 

rcainicolor (Oyinnouycbuh) 125 

ribesii (Pteronus) 01 

rlbia — ribeaii (Pteronus) 01 

robinia' -r^ trilineatna (Pteronus) 06 

robusta ( Pontania) 32 

robustua (Paeliynomntus) 102 

rufipos ( Amauroiu'matus) 78 

rufipea ai>pcndb'ulatua (Oyninonychua).. 124 

rufoclnet\ia (Pteronus) 50 

rutblasciatua (Pteronus?) 128 

rugulosa (Pontania) 41 

ruralis (Pacliy nematua) 01 

salicicola (Euura) 20 

salicic.i.ia I'ulvicruH (Pt^-ronua) 58 

aalicia dosuKMlioidea — dcamodioidca (Pon- 
tania) . 40 

snUoia = fulvicruB (Pterouus) 58 



{ 



■^ 



•1 



Al 



■',-.■'! 



135 



Page. 

salicis — iioclus (Euiira) 20 

saliciaodoratus-wloratiis (I'tcronus) 05 

salici.t-ovuiu (Knura) -0 

salicis i)i8um = pi8um (Pontania) '•■''■i 

aaliciH-iiimiuiu ^imnium (I'oiitiiiiia) 3»1 

satkatchewau (Pteronua .') 129 

seuiinilus — fulvipes (Amauroneinatus) (?l 

similaris -triliiaatus (Pterouus) *>0 

siinplicicornis (Prioplionis) 20 

Biskiyouciisis (Pristipliora) 116 

solitariM (Priopliorun) 20 

Btifimatali8(Poiitauia) 30 

stiKiiiatiis ( Pt eroims) "* 

BiiadiiH (Pacliy iieiiiatus) !>** 

subalbatus (Paeliy lU'uiatus) 105 

siilphurea (Pontania) ■*• 

suniptus (Pacliyuematus) 129 

.suratua (Nomatiia ?) 1''2 

ayi-ophanta ( Prist iphora) 113 

Ihoraciciis (I'achynfiiiatus) WB 

tlioracicus (Pterouus) W 



Pagf. 

tibialis = sycophanta (Pristiphora) 1 15 

Tricbiocanipiis 20 

tricolor (Ptoronus) 50 

trifiircatiis (NfiiiatUH ?) i:i2 

triliiieatiia ( Pterouus) 00 

triiiiaculatus -" ribes-ii (Pterouus) 01 

tritici (Pachyueuiatus) 100 

trivialis — sycopliauta (Pristipliora) 115 

trivittatus ~ uiendicua ( Ptoronus) 09 

t rnncata ( Pontiiiiia) 'M 

unlrolor (Nouiatus) H** 

uu jcolor (Ptcronus) 72 

vancouveroiisis ( Ptoronus) 70 

ventralis (Pterouus) 50 

vcnlricosuH - ribcsii (Ptcronus) 01 

vcrtebratus (Ptoronus) 08 

viminalls ( rrichiocauipus) 20 

violaceipennis— concolor(AiuauroucinaluM) 77 

vicinalis (Ptcronus) ■*'< 

Winnipeg ( Lyf{iconeraatus/ HI 

wrangeli ( Pacby uematuii) 109 






Dt^'^ 



CC ^''-' 



^r^.Y^7y/v 



